OSI mhando

Boka nyanzvi muna 1978, OSI kwakasimbiswa mureza. Vaiona OSI womuenzaniso haasi munhu Network mureza. Izvi dandemutande templates neumwe nhamba zvese, umo vose dzakabudirira kwezvipimo gadziriro. muenzaniso uyu inorondedzera mhando samambure kushandiswa, izvo zvinobayirwa sezvinoreva mitemo yakasiyana. Seven-rukoko OSI samambure womuenzaniso, ungati, "Standard Standard". Nhanho muenzaniso uyu dzinotaurwa pazasi.

1. Physical

Pomumbure rukoko of OSI womuenzaniso rezasi pachikuva. Ndiye anokonzera ehupfumi pamusoro pomumbure, kureva, waya mhando, waya urefu, mhando connectors zvinoshandiswa yokukurukura mano, etc. panyama Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, rukoko iri anokonzera zvemagetsi parameters zviri zviratidzo kuti hurongwa anoshandisa kutumira umboo pakati nodes mu pemambure. Munhuwo zvava chinoshandiswa kuratidza munhu binary hurongwa: 0, 1.

2. Data Link rukoko

Danho panguva iyo mashoko nematomhu dzinopiwa yakatarwa tsika, yainzi Data kubatana rukoko of OSI womuenzaniso. ichi pamwero yetsika zvinofanira kusanganisira mashoko pamusoro poukuru nerimwe vakatumira mashoko omumasherufu, nzira achitaura navo, anoshandiswa uchatamisa pasuru kune kutsvakwa kuenda, uye sei kuti disposal kutuma umboo panguva imwe chete multiple nodes. Rinotaurawo anodzivirira hurongwa pazvitadzo.

3. samambure womuenzaniso OSI: Network rukoko

Nokuti nechokwadi kuti Connect network vane packet hwokutiparadza mashoko anoenderana nemambure rukoko pakati hurongwa. Paunoshanda naye haufaniri kufunga kusiyana nemitemo panguva kubatana enyika panguva date kubatana uye mumuviri mumatunhu.

4. samambure womuenzaniso OSI: Transport rukoko

Inoita kubatsirana makombiyuta maviri pemambure. Basa rayo rinosanganisira kugadzwa mumwe nomumwe kombiyuta kero uye kurapa kubatana pakati nodes.

5. The samambure womuenzaniso OSI: pachirongwa rukoko

Izvi pamwero rinoshandiswa kuti kukwanisa kumisa aakaudzwa chirongwa pakati nodes siyana. Ndiye anokonzera yaunonyanya kushandisa mabasa kuti vari kumhanya pamakombiyuta siyana. Kuti aite izvi, anosika kudzora pfungwa kuti kubvumira kugadzirira zvikanganiso musaenda ose mashoko kechipiri, uye kudzokorora mashoko kuchinjirwa kubva nokudzora pfungwa, izvo wamuka kubva kukanganisa yakanga dzakaonekwa.

6. samambure muenzaniso OSI: hurukuro rukoko

rukoko Iri basa rokutendeutsa mashoko chinopfuudzwa ari samambure kubva pamanyorerwo kune rumwe rudzi. Izvi sandara anokwanisa encrypt mashoko ari dzaifanoiswa, uyewo decrypting mu kwegadziriro achida raiva pedyo nebundu.

7. Application rukoko

OSI mhando Rine soro chechetere - chikumbiro layer iyo inopa kukurukura zvikumbiro pamwe pemambure hurongwa. Mumashoko nyore, zviri kukonzera kuti kuwana pemambure mapurogiramu. Pahwaro chikumbiro rukoko rinoitwa basa zvirongwa zvinopa Indaneti (browsers), kubvumira kuti kupanana umboo (ftp-vatengi uye servers) kuchinjana mameseji (e-mail nemakasitoma) , uye zvichingodaro.