Painting: Renaissance. Okugadzira zvinhu kuItaly Artists of Renaissance

Renaissance - rinoshandurwa kubva French rinoreva "Rebirth". Zvinonzi saka zita rose panguva, inomiririra pfungwa uye unyanzvi maruva kuEurope tsika. Rumutsiriro akaberekwa muna Italy pakutanga pamusoro XIV remakore uye ukasvika Parainge ari XVI remakore, ushering Munguva dzaisvava nemagariro kuderera uye kurega kunotanga (paraiitwa kuMiddle Ages), iyo inobva zvoutsinye uye kusaziva.

Kokutanga pamusoro Renaissance akanyora dzakaitika Italian mavambo, painter uye munyori wemabhuku pamusoro upenyu nomukurumbira vemifananidzo, vavezi vemabwe uye ezvivako pamusoro Dzhordzho Vazari pakutanga XVI remakore.

Pakutanga, shoko rokuti "Revival" kwaireva mumwe nguva (mavambo XIV remakore) inotungamirwa rutsva sefungu art. Asi pashure imwe nguva, pfungwa iyi awana rinobatanidza dudziro uye rakazoreva nzvimbo ichikosha yose kukura uye inotungamirwa tsika, anoshorana feudalism.

Renaissance kumwedzi hunonyatsobatana kuti chidzoke siyana itsva uye unyanzvi kuti kupenda kuItaly. Pane kufarira mifananidzo yekare. Secularism uye anthropocentrism chinhu chinokosha chinowanika, vanozadza chivezwa nguva, uye kupenda. Renaissance displaces austerity zvinoratidza Middle Ages. Anouya kufarira zvose zvenyika, rusina mugumo runako zvakasikwa uye Chokwadi, murume. Renaissance vemifananidzo kutaura chiratidzo womunhu muviri kubva esayenzi maonero, kuedza kushanda zvose kune zvidukuduku. The Mifananidzo ndeechokwadi. Painting izere nemamwe maitiro. It akagadza dzinokosha canons kuravidza art. Rinoparadzirwa itsva yokuti uzivi rinonzi "Humanism", maererano iyo munhu anoonekwa kuva soro ukoshi.

Art netsika Renaissance

kubudirira mweya une paupamhi mashoko ari mifananidzo iri nguva uye Inozadzisa nyama kupenda chaiyo. Renaissance kubatanidza tsika nesayenzi. Artists vakatanga kuona unyanzvi sezvo bazi ruzivo, kudzidza kwazvo physiology womunhu uye nyika yakatipoteredza. Izvi zvakaitwa kuitira kuti uwane sezvazviri kuratidza chokwadi kusikwa naMwari uye zviitiko pamatende ake. Zvakawanda ngwariro rwakabhadharwa kuna mufananidzo zvidzidzo vechitendero vakatodzidza hwepasi kugutsikana anoonga unyanzvi geniuses akadai Leonardo da Vinci.

Pane matanho shanu kukura Italian art ari Renaissance.

International (dare) Gothic

Iyo yakatanga pakutanga Gothic dare XIII remakore (ducento) inozivikanwa nokutaurisa uchenjeri, pomposity uye pretentiousness. The chikuru mhando emifananidzo iri atari vakasiyana ne mufananidzo nyaya. Artists vanoshandisa tempera pendi kusika mifananidzo yake. The Renaissance vakapfuma nomukurumbira nhengo iyi Somuenzaniso, akadai rokuItari Painters Vittore Karpachcho uye Sandro Bottichelli.

Pre-Renaissance nguva (Protorenessans)

Mangwana Danho, izvo kutenda kuti akatangira panguva Renaissance, rinonzi Protorenessans (trecento) uye kunoitika pakupera XIII - pakutanga XIV remakore. Maererano nokukurumidza kukura humanistic nyika muri dzakaitika munguva pachena nyika womunhu, mweya wake womukati, ane pfungwa rinoreva pakadzika, asi panguva imwe chete ine nyore uye zvakajeka marongerwo. Religious mifananidzo panzvimbo yechipiri, uye zvenyika vari kutungamirira, uye sezvo mukuru hunhu inomira munhu nemanzwiro ake, chiso chavo uye dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri. Pane vari Portraits yokutanga Italian Renaissance, zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro zviratidzo. Famous Artists iyi kumwedzi - Giotto, Pietro Lorenzetti.

mangwanani Renaissance

Pakutanga mashoko XIV remakore anotanga padariro okutanga Renaissance (quattrocento), inomiririra pavapenyu kuti kupenda pamwechete kushaya nyaya dzechitendero. Faces pamusoro mifananidzo kuva yevanhu kwemarudzi uye vaiongorora sechipiriso Genre paguva, ane nzvimbo yoga niche. Muvambi vokutanga Renaissance zvinoyevedza tsika Mozachcho chiito, kwakavakirwa pfungwa iri njere. Mifananidzo yake vane mukuru realism. vatenzi Great nezvokumwe Linear uye zvemuchadenga maonero, anatomi uye kushandisa ruzivo pamabasa avo, apo unogona kuona zvakarurama-dimensional matatu nzvimbo. Vamiririri okutanga Renaissance vari Sandro Botticelli, Piero della Francesca, Pollaiuolo, Verrocchio.

High Renaissance kana "Golden Age"

Kubvira pakupera kwezana remakore XV akatanga danho mukuru Renaissance (cinquecento) uye kwakatora pfupi, zvisati XVI remakore. Chakava musimboti Venice uye Roma. Artists vawedzere Pfungwa horizons dzavo uye vanofarira pezvakasikwa. Man rinowanikwa mufananidzo gamba, tizadzise zvose mumudzimu nomunyama. Figures ino nguva vanoonekwa kuti Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Titian Vecellio, Buonarrotti Michelangelo nevamwe. The painter huru pakati Italian Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci aiva "murume yezvisikwa" uye tichingogara kutsvaka chokwadi. Uchibata chivezwa, mutambo, siyana kuedza kwesayenzi, akakwanisa kuwana nguva yokuti kupenda. Creation "Madonna mu pamatombo" anonyatsoratidza anoratidza vanowanika manyorerwo painter chiedza uye mumvuri, sezvamakaropafadzwa mukomboni ndiyo chiedza, uye mumvuri anosika mugumisiro bhuku uye akakurumbira "Mona Lisa" unoitwa nokushandisa unyanzvi kuti "smuffato", kusika fungidziro kuti maumi.

Late Renaissance

Panguva mukupera Renaissance, kunoitika pakutanga ari XVI remakore, paiva nepfari uye zvaibiwa kwakaenderera muguta reRoma nemauto German. Chiitiko ichi chakaratidza kutanga yaitonga kutsakatika. Roman Cultural Center akarega kuva anorichengeta pamwe yakakurumbira nenhamba, uye vakamanikidzwa kupararira kune mamwe maguta dzokuEurope. Somugumisiro kuwedzera kusabvumirana pakati maonero pakutenda kwechiKristu uye Humanism pakupera yacho XV remakore Mannerism anova koshesa manyorerwo kuti kuratidza mufananidzo. Renaissance ari zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika kumugumo, nokuti hwaro zvidavado iri kuonekwa chakanaka nenzira kuti kunopfuura pfungwa maererano nyika, chokwadi uye omnipotence rokufunga. Okugadzira zvinhu zvinova kunzwisisa uye anowana zvaidiwa pavanotaurirana dzakasiyana mirayiridzo. Brilliant basa ndezvomunhu anozivikanwa vemifananidzo akadai Paolo Veronese Tinoretto Jacopo Pontormo (Karruchchi).

Italy yakava muzinda wetsika mufananidzo uye akapa nyika chinopenya Artists nguva ino, vane mifananidzo uye vachiri kumutsa munhu mupfungwa rinofadza.

Kuwedzera Italy, kutanga unyanzvi uye kupenda aiva nenzvimbo inokosha dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope. Yainzi nokuda kuNorthern Renaissance. Zvinoshamisa kuti kupenda French pamusoro Renaissance, iyo yakura iri pachavo ivhu raro. Mugumo Hondo Makore Zana 'kwakatungamirira vawedzere pachena ruzivo uye kukura nevanhu. In iwe French pane realism, kutaurirana nezivo nesayenzi, kukwezvana zvidhori kare. Zvose izvi zvinhu kunomuunzira rokuItari, asi kuvapo zvinosuwisa manotsi iri mifananidzo musiyano chinokosha. Famous Artists of Renaissance mu France - Angerran Sharonton, Nikola Fromana, Zhan Fuke, Zhan Klue Senior.