Pano sechivako datya. Features kwokunze uye munyika nemamiriro muenzaniso datya amphibian

Matatya - kupfuura kuzivikanwa pakati amphibians. Mhuka idzi dzinowanikwa zvinenge zvose pamusoro munyika, kubva dzinopisa kusvikira kurenje. The kwokunze nemamiriro datya zvakafanana zvikuru nemamiriro nedzimwe mhuka mukirasi iyi. Its tembiricha muviri dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana ambient tembiricha. vakura kwemavara anogona dzinosiyana 1 kusvika 32 masendimita.

Datya mhando kumativi 4000. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vakatanga akaonekwa Africa uye ipapo vamwe mumakondinendi.

In yechando, matatya dzinorara kwenguva refu. Vakahwanda pakudzika miviri mvura, kana mune burrows that.

Mabviro amphibians

amphibians First akazviratidza anenge mamiriyoni 300 apfuura. The kwokunze nemamiriro matatya, nzira yavo youpenyu uye hwepedyo mvura zvinoratidza kuti amphibians hwakabva hove. Masayendisiti vakakwanisa kuwana zvisaririra ane nokutsakatika kwemarudzi. Kusiyana amphibians ano uye muviri wavo wakafukidzwa pachikero. A dehenya mamiriro akafanana maumbirwo Crossopterygii.

Uyewo prehistoric datya aiva zvimbi nemapapu, izvo yakabuda kubva dzinoshambira dundira. Zvino dzakange dzine miswe kuti havana matatya ano.

Matatya kurarama chete nemvura yakachena uye tichibatsirwa zvimbi vanogona kukambaira pasi, kutamira kubva mvura muviri mumwe. Asi datya kukura akaenda, uye mukufamba shanduka, akava naye nemakumbo.

nzvimbo

A mugove kukosha muupenyu datya rinoitwa mumvura yakachena kana pamhenderekedzo. Food datya rakabatwa nechepamusoro, asi kana ngozi Kurumidza kuenda pasi. Dzimwe dzinenge kuzovasiya mvura, vamwewo vanogara mvura chete kuberekesana mwaka.

Mune shanduka ari womukati uye kwokunze sechivako datya achinja. Zvave akaderedzwa kurarama kwete chete pedyo nemvura. matatya vanogarawo nzvimbo dzakakwirira mwando: zviri marshes, achitsva masango. Kune mhando kuti kurarama miti uye akapotsa kumbobvira navo regai peel they and and.

marangwanda

Datya marangwanda zvikuru zvakafanana marangwanda pamusoro knot, asi nokuda hunhu nemararamiro ane nhamba zvinhu. Chinonyanya kukosha musiyano - ndiyo pamberi maoko nemakumbo. The forelimbs chokuita kuti musana achishandisa gumbo nebhanhire mapfupa. makumbo hadzi vari vasiyana nomuzongoza, hudyu mapfupa.

datya Skull ane mapfupa vasingasviki pane hove dehenya. Asi mapfupa dakashwa uye dakashwa nemikombe zvisipo. Kufema kunoitika vachishandisa mumapapu.

Spine datya chinosanganisira vertebrae uye 9 rine zvikamu mana remuromo, truncal, sacral uye caudal. mutumbi vertebrae vari protselnym, akapa vane okumusoro arcs uye muganhu musana Canal. Nhamba vertebrae zvinenge matatya zvose zviri vanomwe. Mbabvu mu amphibian ichi hachisi.

Sacral vertebra ane, uye rinobatanidza nomuzongoza uye chiuno. Muswe amphibian vasipo, asi muswe nomuzongoza ndeimwe refu pfupa, iyo yakaumbwa tichiregeredza anoverengeka fused vertebrae.

Remuromo nomuzongoza chinosanganisira vertebra mumwe chete uye rinobatanidza musoro nomuzongoza. Izvi datya marangwanda wakasiyana nemamiriro rehove. Vane nomuzongoza wedhipatimendi ikoko.

tsandanyama akavaka

Tsandanyama of datya yakasiyana chaizvo kubva tsandanyama hove. Zvakasiyana chete zvinopfakanyika mumvura, asi kurarama panyika. Most dzakabudirira tsandanyama matatya uye toads - ndiye tsandanyama pakati hadzi maoko nemakumbo. Pamusana kwavari, vanogona kuita akasvetuka. Kusiyana hove Namatafi vanokwanisa zvishoma kufambisa musoro wako.

Kutarisika datya

Ndeipi kwokunze sechivako datya? It rine mutumbi, musoro, rinotangira uye hadzi nemakumbo. Muganhu pakati mumuviri uye muviri hausi zvakajeka, mutsipa zvachose vasipo. datya muviri zvishoma yakakura kupfuura musoro. Mamiriro Akaita kwokunze nemamiriro datya kuti haina muswe, uye iye akapotsa mutsipa chisipo. Musoro yakakura. Meso makuru uye zvishoma yakabudikira. pedyo njenjemera lids vavo kudzivirira nokuomesa, hutachiona uye kukuvadza. Meso dziri pasi wemhino. Maziso uye wemhino vari pamusoro musoro uye panguva rwendo dziri mvura. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kufema mhepo inotonhorera uye Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika kuzvidzora zviri kuitika pamusoro mvura. On yokumusoro rushaya pane nhamba mazino duku.

Nzeve akaita seaya matatya ikoko, asi shure ziso rimwe pane denderedzwa duku, akadzivirira ganda. It eardrum. Amphibian ganda nyoro uye yakafukidzwa madzihwa. Her chinhu - dzinofamba hama kuti muviri. Izvi zvinodaro nokuti pasi ganda pane yakawanda nzvimbo - vanonzi node homwe. Datya ganda pachena uye dzakaonda. Izvi hwezvekukurukurirana ari kupinda pakati mvura uye magasi mumuviri wayo.

Namatafi chinhu ndechokuti anogona kurarama pasina ganda. About Izvi zvinopupurira periodic molting, panguva iyo mhuka achirasa nayo, uye pashure pokudya.

ruvara

Kazhinji, amphibians vanotevedzera zvakatipoteredza. Naizvozvo ruvara allover nzvimbo datya upenyu. Mune dzimwe mhando, pane masero chaiyo inogona kuchinja ruvara zvichienderana zvakatipoteredza.

In dzinopisa nzvimbo zvinogona kuwanikwa amphibians kuti kupendwa namavara rakajeka chaizvo. coloring kwakadaro kunoreva kuti mhuka muchetura. Izvi deters vavengi.

Kune namavara mazhinji akaisvonaka mhuka iyi. India musha muraraungu datya, rinova chinhu chinonamatwa. ganda rake dzakapendwa zvose mavara ose muraraungu.

Chimwe kujairika mhando regirazi ane datya. debwe raro riri zvachose yakajeka, uye iwe unogona kuona mukati maro.

virulence

Vazhinji howa vane uturu mumasero paganda anokonzera kufema rutivi rwomuviri zvikara kana vanoedza kurwiswa. Mune dzimwe matatya kubereka madzihwa, izvo pamusoro kuonana ganda Maronda akasiyana uye anopisira.

In Russia kurarama kunyanya chete vasiri muchetura mhando matatya. Asi muna Africa, nekusiyana, vakawanda amphibians ngozi.

Pakuvamba, datya aigona kushandiswa kuuraya zvipembenene. Somuenzaniso, muna 1935 mu Australia akaunza uturu chaizvo tsanga datya. Asi akaita zvakawanda kukuvadza pane zvakanaka. Nokuda kwayo toxicity kunokanganisa mararamiro, asi kubata tupukanana haadi.

mufambo

In datya makumbo hadzi dzinokudziridzwa zvakanaka. The forelimbs anoshandiswa kunyanya kutsigira ari kugara chinzvimbo kumhara. Makumbo hadzi vari yakareba uye akasimba kupfuura mberi. Kutama makumbo hadzi zvinoshandiswa panyika uye mvura. Datya nechisimba anomhanyira uye nyika iri nemakumbo kumberi. Inochengetedza kubva kunayiwa.

Kufamba mumvura Frog anoshandisawo makumbo ayo hadzi. Netsoka dzakapfava vane Kamudzira kuti ruoko pakati minwe. Kunze hwezvekukurukurirana zvikuru kufamba mvura kuti datya riri kumeso uye dzinotsvedza madzihwa.

Asi sangano haringorevi mvura uye nenyika. The kwokunze nemamiriro datya anogona kuvapa kufamba uye nokumwewo. Vamwe mhando vanokwanisa kuronga mudenga uye kwira miti. Kunyanya mamwe marudzi matatya ari kuti anopiwa uchinyanya Kuziva disks dzinobatsira kuomerera hukawanika siyana. Kana kuva anokosha nodules.

Other amphibians vanokwanisa burrow muvhu, zvakadai Female chomuruki zvinoita nhasi. Usiku, iye anoenda kuvhima. Kuvigwa wakakodzera horny calluses netsoka dzavo. Dzimwe zvingava kumirira kutonhora pasi kana kwemvura. Namatafi, vanorarama murenje, inogona kuva pasi paiva jecha makore matatu.

chikafu

Adult toads nematatya Tidzidze diki invertebrates, tumbuyu uye, mune zvimwe zviitiko vertebrates. Datya pachisikirwo nezvikara. Havagoni disdained nehama dzavo.

Datya anovandira kuti dzitapwe rayo immobile agere yatisingaonekwi pakona. Kana akaona sangano, iye muchadya rurimi refu uye anodya nyama yawo.

alimentary maitiro

Zvomudumbu hurongwa kunotanga oropharyngeal mhango, uko rurimi refu. Kana datya anowana pechaabata, izvozvo "moto" mutauro iwoyo, uye rwakanamatira kugadzirwa. Kunyange zvazvo matatya vane meno mairi havaiti kutsenga zvokudya zvavo, asi chete unochengeta zvakatapwa. Kamwe ukabatwa amphibian chayabata, zvokudya anopinda zvakananga kupinda yegurokuro uye ipapo mudumbu.

kufema maitiro

Toads uye matatya fema tichibatsirwa mapapu uye kuburikidza ganda. mapapu yavo zai chimiro uye vascular network. The mhepo anopinda mumapapu kuburikidza wemhino. Sezvo rinoshandiswa chiedza kwete chete nokuda kufema asiwo "vachiimba". Nenzira, nhunzvi regai emit chero ruzha, "kuimba" chete vechirume kukwezva vaviri.

pfungwa

Mitumbi datya pfungwa kubatsira dzokumabvazuva naye panyika uye mumvura. In amphibians mukuru, uyewo hove, dzinokudziridzwa chaizvo lateral mutsetse nhengo. nhengo idzi kubatsira kufamba muchadenga. Nhamba huru vari riri mumusoro. The lateral mutsetse nhengo Dzakafanana maviri rinoparadza lengthwise pamwe muviri wose, achitanga datya musoro.

Also iri paganda tembiricha, uye marwadzo receptors. Tactile nhengo (mhino) chete anoshanda kana musoro datya ndiro pamusoro mvura pamusoro. In mvura nasal mhango akavharwa.

amphibians zhinji dzakabudirira ruvara zvaakaratidzwa.

kubereka

Matatya kutanga kuwanda chete mugore upenyu rechitatu. Muchirimo, kana kuberekesana mwaka kunotanga, mukono anosarudza munhukadzi uye akabata naye kwemazuva anoverengeka. Panguva iyi, unogona kupa kusvika mazai 3 zviuru. Ivo akafukidzwa mucous Kamudzira uye kuzvimba mumvura. Goko hunokwezva chiedza chezuva, izvo zvinoita nokukurumidza kugadzira mazai.

Kukura datya

Datya mudumbu (tadpole) mu mazai anenge munhu kwevhiki mbiri. Shure panguva ino pane tadpole. Internal uye kwokunze sechivako datya rakasiyana chaizvo kubva nemamiriro tadpole. Kupfuura zvose, iye sokunge hove. Hapana tadpole muzvidimbu kutama muswe mumvura kushandiswa. Tadpole anofema tichibatsirwa nechitarisiko gills.

Sapamazuva hove uye amphibians, tadpoles vane lateral mutsetse kufamba. Panguva iyi, embryo dzedatya asingadi kuenda kunyika. Kusiyana vakuru tadpole travoyaden.

Zvishoma nezvishoma kuitika kwaari metamorphosis kunyangarika muswe, netsoka dzakapfava kuoneka, pane kuchinja urongwa marangwanda. Uye pashure inenge 4 months pane datya duku, rinogona kubuda panyika.

datya Champions

Datya vanogara Europe uye havawanzosarudzi kukura kupfuura 10 masendimita. Asi muna North America uye Africa anogona kurarama hofori chaidzo. The Kudeuka datya - Frog Goliath - neurefu hwakasiyana kusvika 90 masendimita uye anogona nokuyera 6 makirogiramu.

Jump shasha - muti African datya. Iye anogona kusvetuka pamusoro madaro anosvika 5 mamita.

The chakarebesa izwi woupenyu African burrowing datya. Mupenyu kusvika makore 25. datya ichi anochera warwo gomba, uye vakagarako kusvikira pakuguma kwemvura.

Most ichangopfuura, mu New Guinea akawana zviduku datya. Kureba - 7,7 millimeters.

Record nokuti toxicity haruzvitsvakiri ngozi. Izvi datya zviduku anenge 3 masendimita refu. Izvi zvinonyanya muchetura vertebrate panyika, kusanganisira nyoka. Anogara achitsva Masango muColombia. Its muchetura miseve zvakazorwa maIndia. Mumwe muchetura datya zvakadaro zvokuti miseve 50.