Panova - chii? Pfungwa panova makakatanwa, gakava, mhirizhonga. mitemo panova

Panova - chii? Shoko rinowanzoshandiswa mabhuku zvesayenzi uye journalistic, asi kukosha kwaro zvishoma zvinozivikanwa. Panova makakatanwa inowanzopiwa kunzi nguva iyo kukakavara rinopfuura dzinokosha zvokukura ayo pakukura uye kwava pedyo kupera. Izwi iri rinobva muchiLatin uye rinoreva "manera". Panova zvinoratidza kurwisana, kufambira mberi kwenguva, dzinoratidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma peaking yokurwisana pakati mapato, apo kurwisa mumwe vaivapo, kurwiswa nomumwe vaivapo akatasva anokumhan'arira kana kumanikidzwa anova zvikuru pane yapfuura mumwe. The panova kupesana ndiyo nzira chiitiko kusvikira kwakaderera tichirwisa yokurwisana.

The zvinhu uye akasiyana panova

nyora siyana kubatsira kusimbisa chikamu chinokosha kunetsana sechinhu panova akadaro. Chii, pasina zviratidzo kunzwisisa zvechokwadi kwakaoma. Mumazuva ano chiitiko unhu hunodiwa kureva mazita avo zvivako chokuita zvakananga kuti nguva panova uye kwete mumwe kune mumwe.

zvishande bhora

The maitiro siyana uye basa nhete, panguva yokuchinjira kuti zvishoma kunzwisisa siyana zvinoratidza chokwadi.

mufananidzo muvengi

Kuti iye zvinogumbura uye simba zvakakwana maonero. Kuva integrally kuumbwa anokumhan'arira analogue, Chine yakagadzirwa zvekunyepera ehupfumi vave kutanga kuumba munguva Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa pavaipfuura kunetsana. Mufananidzo muvengi ane pamusana empirical maonero, akafanorongerwa maitiro akaipa uye inofungidzirwa kuva mhando. Kunyange pasina pavanotaurirana, uye kana bato haisi ngozi pachinhu rimwe, mufananidzo ane anokumhan'arira chinhu kwazvakarerekera ruvara: zviri kugadzikana, zvakakwana chinangwa uye akareverera. At paro, afanane ine havaratidzi vakaratidza mifananidzo, chifananidzo izvo rakachenuruka, damerau, Blurred. Asi pasi pokudzora ane panova kuti kuramba kuzviratidza illusory nguva, panowanikwa iyo kwakamutsa akaipa mupfungwa uye somunhu tinyatsonzwisisa nemumwe vavengi. Muzviitiko izvi, pane dzimwe "symptomatic" ine hunhu mukurwisana zhinji kwazvo. In muvengi wavo vakaona munhu, usina kuti kuvimbwa. Her kupomera naye kumirira chete zvisarudzo zvakaipa uye nezviito - nezvezvisikwa zvine ruvengo, izvo hazvisi mugumisiro anopikisana deindividualization apo muvengi haizorambi munhu uye inofambidzana generalized seboka, saka kutaura, wokufananidzirawo zvake nenzira, akaita Chaibatanidza yakawanda kwazvo zvakaipa, negativity, mhirizhonga, vulgarity nezvimwe zvakaipa.

mupfungwa

Inokura pamwe inotyisa zvikuru, vamwe bato anotsamwa, nyaya yokurwisana panguva yokurasikirwa mukana kuziva zvavanofarira kana zvavanotarisira.

mubereko dzevanhu

Relationships munogara kurongwa nenzira akanyatsorongwa, kunyange kana vari polar uye dzinopikisana, saka kusimba nezvezvakaitwa kunotungamirira zvakakomba zvikuru chokuita zvinodiwa anopikisa. Zvakakodzera kutsanangura chii - the panova makakatanwa, kureva nzvimbo mhando umo kudzamisa kupokana ... "Dai polar" vari nedanho panova zvido mativi. In zvavaimboita nebope ezvinhu coexistence zvaiita, uye ikozvino havagoni kuva kuyananiswa pasina zvakaipa pakati disputants.

mhirizhonga

It anoshumira rakaisvonaka kushandisa panova makakatanwa, sezvo yazivikanwa chipepa. Kuda muripo uye anopikisa divi kukuvadza makatsamwisa wacho kurwisa, utsinye, kusashivirira. The panova zvechisimba, kuti, achisimbisa utsinye, kurwa zviito, kazhinji pamwe uyu kana kuti kusanzwisisana.

The kutanga nyaya idzi

Rinosvava kupinda nechekumashure, asisiri anobatsira rinokosha, hazvina uchifunga, pfungwa, gakava rinogona kurondedzerwa se yakazvimirira vavariro uye zvikonzero zvimwe zvayo nzira kukura uye zvinokwanisika kunyange pashure kurasikirwa zvikuru Mapoka yacho. The kunetsana ezvinhu panova wavo anova generalized, asi chakadzama. Kuunza dzimwe pfungwa kunyorerana mapato uye kushorwa nechekare muAtlantic munzvimbo dzakawanda. Conflictologists wakaiswa pa ichi mudariro rokuwedzera spatial nezvenyama framework. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti ichi chinhu mberi, kugamuchira chakakomba panova. Chii, uye zvichakanganisa sei nyaya dzinobatanidzwa muhondo kana kuitwa akarinda, vachava kuwanikwa chete pakupera pavanotaurirana yayo kuongororwa.

Kuwedzera kwenhamba zvidzidzo

With kuwedzera nebope kunoitika uye "kubereka" zvevanhu. Kutanga asingatsananguriki uye kusingadzoreki mutsika itsva masangano kunetsana iyo anogamuchira pose, muchikura boka, uye saka dzakawanda. E. Kuchinja womukati nemamiriro boka, avo akafanana, maitiro avo. Toolkit kunova rakasiyana, uye elucidation ukama vanogona kuenda akasiyana zvachose vector.

Panguva iyi, unogona kureva mashoko kuti tiri vanachiremba vepfungwa. Vakazongofunga kuti chero kurwisana vanoziva bhora yekudyidzana regresses. Zvoitika kwete runobva glamour, asi zvishoma nezvishoma, apo kuramba mitemo yakananga.

Stepwise panova

Zvinofanira kuva kunzwisisa kuti zvinomiririra nzira panova. Matanho maviri okutanga inogona dzikarongwa pasi chimwe zita - Pre mamiriro ezvinhu uye ayo kukura. Vari pamwe nokuwedzera kukosha zvivanakire uye pfungwa pamusoro nyika, hazvibviri kutya kunze ezvinhu achishandisa rugare, kuburikidza rubatsiro nokuwirirana zvichemo. Makakatanwa pfungwa inowedzera nguva zhinji.

On wechitatu Danho avamba pakarepo kwakawedzera, vakawanda mipendero muchikurukura, mapato kunetsana vari kutamira kuita chiito, umo vamwe gangaidzo. Zvakaoma, roughness uye mhirizhonga, dzairwisana mapato vanoedza kufurira mumwe, kumanikidza anokumhan'arira kuchinja nzvimbo yayo. Bvumidza hakuzofadzi hapana. Uchenjeri uye rationality kuti yanyangarika sokunge mashiripiti, uye chikuru chinhu hanya anova mufananidzo muvengi.

The inoshamisa chokwadi, asi ari dariro rechina yokurwisana kwevanhu psyche regresses kusvika zvokuti zvinova akafanana kune hunenge uye maitiro zvivako yegore matanhatu okuberekwa mwana. Munhu anoramba kugamuchira womumwe nzvimbo, kuti vateerere payo, akatungamirira nezviito zvavo chete "chimiro". Nyika inofambidzana yakakamurwa "dema" uye "chena," zvakanaka nezvakaipa, hapana kurambwa kana matambudziko havabvumirwi. Musimboti yokurwisana riri inonzwisisika uye chinyakare.

In rechishanu danho kuputsa tsika kunyengetedza uye chinonyanya kukosha tsika. mapato ose uye munhu zvinhu izvo zvaizobatsira ane anokumhan'arira kupinda chete mufananidzo muvengi, isina vanhu zvinoyemurika. Mukati boka, vanhu ava vanogona kuramba kutaura uye dyidzana, saka kungotarisawo angangotadza kukanganisa Zvaizobuda kunetsana Panguva iyi.

In mazwi evanhu nekuita psyche vanhu vazhinji zvaoma, pane regression. Munzira dzakawanda, mupfungwa nemishonga munhu kunoenderana dzidzo yake, rudzi tsika dzemunharaunda, chaakanga adzidza kubva pachake munzanga zvakaitika.

Zvakafanana, ichibata schismogenesis, kana panova ane nesayenzi

Rondedzera panova makakatanwa kunze rubatsiro dzidziso, yakataurwa nemasayendisiti G. Bateson, unonzi dzidziso symmetric schismogenesis. Shoko rokuti "schismogenesis" rinoreva kuchinja unhu wacho pamusana socialization uye kuwana ruzivo rutsva pachiyero interpersonal uye intrapersonal kurwisana. Nokuti schismogenesis pane zviviri nzira nokuda zvekunze kuratidzwa:

1. Chokutanga kuchinja maitiro, umo chiito mamwe vanhu vanouya achariwisira, dzinopindirana. Somuenzaniso, apo mumwe vavengi vari kuramba, uye conformal wechipiri uye aiteerera. Ndiko, kubva maitiro akasiyana vanotongwa yokurwisana nezvechinhu munhu nedzimwe waMosesi waiva mhando.
2. Musimboti yechipiri iripo chete pamberi chete maitiro mapatani, muti, zvose kurwisa, asi pamwe kunosiyana inosiyana pakudzama.

Zviri pachena kuti panova makakatanwa anoreva kunyatsoreva yechipiri kushanduka schismogenesis. Asi uyewo siyana panova zvinogona Classified. Somuenzaniso, haigoni kwaizombomiswa uye with kuwedzera makakatanwa, uye vangava Wavy apo chakasimba pamakona uye dzekuno vavengi kumanikidza nokuita kuti uplink pane mumwe, ipapo pedyo uchichiburukira nzira.

Shoko rokuti "panova" rinoshandiswa muminda siyana, kwete chete zvepfungwa uye evanhu. Somuenzaniso, pane mutero panova - kukosha iri rinogona kuverengwa chero zvoupfumi Encyclopedia. It akadzikama, kana kufamba kuterama utsinye kunoitika nokukurumidza zvikuru uye pasina dzongonyedzo, uye dzimwe nguva - munhu ane usimbe, anononoka ruchiyerera, kana kwete nguva refu rarinoshevedzwa chete chechetere. The yokupedzisira kunowanzokonzerwa dzinoratidzwa kwenguva refu kana, sezvo vachiti, chisingaperi kunetsana.

Model hondo panova. nemigumisiro yakanaka

Positive panova makakatanwa - ndiwo mukana wokubvisa nechitarisiko nevakawanda chido kuti rugare ugari. Muchiitiko chino, mativi vanofanira kuongorora uye kusarudza mitemo yokuzvibata hakupesani misimboti nezvaidavirwa mumwe vavengi. Uyezve, zvinoreva kubva yose chakarondedzera musiyano wezvinyorwa mhinduro uye zvaitika kusarudza zvinobetsera, uye vave ivo kuti zvive zvinobvira zvaitika zvakawanda ezvinhu. Uyezve disputants vanoda zvakajeka kutsanangura tsanangurai zvido zvavo uye zvavanofarira, kutsanangura rumwe rutivi zvavo, izvo ipapo anofanira kunzwika. Of zvachose zvinodiwa nyora kusarudza zvakafanana kuti zviga kwemitemo uye kururamisira, uye ipapo kutanga kuedza kushandisa navo achishandisa zvishandiso nzira kuti vane kugamuchirwa uye unotendwa vanopikisana zvose.

Hanya kurwa, Chokwadi, chero zvazvingava hazviiti. Izvi zvakafanana kuregeredza, kana vanhu kusiya mufurati yaisanganisira yedare kana inopisa machisi - pane mukana moto. Fananidzo pakati moto uye kukonana haisi netsaona uye iye mumwe nyore kudzivirira pane kudzima pashure kuvesa. Great kukosha ane chinoumba nguva, uye nekuti moto uye ayo kupararira rinotyisa kupopotedzana zvikuru simba. Izvi yakabudisa inokosha rakafanana panova chirwere kana chekorera.

The panova makakatanwa inowanzo vhiringidzwa, nokuti kupikisana yoku- pamwe mashoko matsva, features, uye anonyengera. Manzwiro vanoberekwa vaine kuwedzera nokukurumidza uye richandifukidza zvose mapato anopikisa.

izvi zvose zvinoita kuti mhedziso kuti ane ruzivo mutungamiriri chero boka kudzidza kuti pakati penhengo dzayo kana inovapengesa kare inoyerera pa simba izere, kana wevaduku kukosha chakakomba dissonance pakarepo kutora okugadzirisa zviito. Kungopeta maoko uye kusafarira mumamiriro ezvinhu anogona atongerwe chikwata, ichagamuchirwa utsinye, woumbwende, pusillanimity.

Model hondo panova. akafa nguva

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti dzimwe nguva kwakawedzera DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA kana kunyange anomira. Fani iyi ane chikonzero kufanotonga:

• Imwe divi rinopikisa vagadzirira yokuzvidira tendero nokuti kuti hondo chero chikonzero Hazvichaiti zvinogamuchirika pazviri.
• Mumwe vavengi ari uchiramba kuedza kudzivisa kunetsana, "kuwa panze" payo, sezvo hondo mamiriro anova zvakanaka kana ndisingadiwi.
• Hondo iri pedyo akafa nepakati, asi panova chisimba anova maturo uye hazvibatsiri.

Dead centre rinonzi mamiriro ezvinhu aya, kana nharo anosvika standstill, kumisa pashure mumwe kana akawanda kundikana womene. Kuchinja panova kana kupedziswa mamhanyiro nokuda zvimwe zvinhu.

Zvinhu zviri "akafa pfungwa"

• yokurwisana nzira akaratidza basa kana dzisingapindirani wainyatsotaura ezvinhu.
• Zvinhu zvakafanira kuramba kufurirwa pamusoro anokumhan'arira, akapedza uye vaneta. Kazhinji Ndivo mari, nguva uye simba mari.
• Kubviswa rutsigiro kubva muvanhu, kushaya kutendeseka pakati dzinopesana mapato avo vanotsigira ndakavamiririra.
• Mari kuti kupfuudza zvinogamuchirwa kana yokufungidzira chechetere.

Zvisinei, chinangwa kutaura, danho iri haisi dzinoratidzwa vachinje, mumwe mapato rinotanga zvakasiyana zvachose nemafungiro kuti mukakavadzane uye nzira kwayo resolution. Kana mativi maviri vachava wekuita pamusoro ndechokuti predominance upi wavo hazvibviri, vachafanira kupa nzira, kuti ape kukunda kana chibvumirano. Asi musimboti Danho iri kuziva kuti muvengi - haisi muvengi, parinotaura zvose zvakaipa uye kusuwa kwenyika. Zviri yakazvimirira uye akakodzera anokumhan'arira, avo zvakanakira nekuipira, izvo zvinogona uye vanofanira kuwana zvakafanana zvavanofarira, zvavaibvumirana. kunzwisisa ichi anova kwokutanga danho kurutivi dzekugadzirisa kunetsana.

zvakawanikwa

Saka, muna kugadzirisa zvinorevei kuti panova munzanga, tsika uye zvoupfumi mashoko, tinofanira kunzwisisa kuti kukura configurations siyana uye yokutevedzera, uye mugumisiro wayo une vanogona kusarudza vechikamu muhondo, nokuti zvinoenderana navo, sei zvakanaka vanokwanisa kukunda kuzvipokanidza, uye makasuruvara sei kwaizova nemigumisiro.