Plastids zvinogona zvakasiyana: mifananidzo, mamiriro, shanda

Vazhinji nehasha kuziva zvinodzidziswa plastids chikoro. Nokufamba bhotani anoti ari chirimwa masero, plastids angava akasiyana maumbirwo, makuriro nokuita zvakasiyana mashandiro muchitokisi. Nyaya Izvi zvinotiyeuchidza iwe pakati nemamiriro plastids, avo mhando uye mashandiro anoita vaya kare sekondari, uye achava kubatsira munhu kuziva zvipenyu.

mamiriro

The mufananidzo pazasi inoratidza schematic nemamiriro plastids muchitokisi. Zvisinei wawo, rune kwokunze uye munyika Kamudzira, rwokudzivirira basa, stroma - analogue cytoplasm ribosomal morekuru reDNA makemikari.

In chloroplasts pane chinokosha hurongwa - grana. Grana thylakoids aumba kubva - zvivako, yakafanana disks. Thylakoids zvinobatanidzwa kubatana kwetunhu ATP uye okisijeni.

In chloroplasts starch granules vari aumba somugumisiro photosynthesis.

Leucoplasts kwete pigmented. Vanoita kwete ndiripo thylakoids, havazvipi mugove photosynthesis. Vazhinji leucoplasts pfungwa iri hunde uye pamudzi chirimwa.

Chromoplasts akaumbwa lipid mumate - hurongwa ane lipids zvakakodzera kupa mamwe simba maumbirwo plastids.

Plastids zvinogona akasiyana mavara, hukuru uye zvitarisiko. hukuru hwavo siyana pakati 5-10 microns. Kazhinji chimiro rakatenderera kana denderedzwa, asi anogona kuva chero.

marudzi plastids

Plastids zvinogona Hauoneki (leucoplasts), girini (chloroplasts), yellow kana orenji (chromoplasts). Rinopa chloroplasts kuti chirimwa kunosiya zvakasvibirira.

Rumwe rudzi plastids, chromoplasts, ndiye anokonzera yero, tsvuku kana orenji ruvara.

Hauoneki plastids muchitokisi mashandiro inotonhorera okuchengetera. Leucoplasts huri mafuta, sitachi, mapurotini uye makemikari. Kana chirimwa inoda mamwe simba kuti akatsemura starch monomers - shuga.

Leucoplasts pasi zvimwe zvinhu (nechiedza chezuva kana nokuwedzera makemikari) inogona mudzoke kunyika chloroplast, chloroplasts tinoshandurirwa chromoplasts, kana chlorophyll raparadzwa uye coloring pigments vanotanga atonge chromoplasts - carotene, anthocyanin kana xanthophyll. Kushandurwa Izvi kuoneka mumatsutso, apo mashizha uye zvibereko zvizhinji chinja ruvara nokuda kuparadzwa chlorophyll pigments uye kuratidzwa chromoplasts.

mabasa

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, plastids zvinogona zvakasiyana, uye basa ravo chirimwa muchitokisi zvichienderana-siyana.

Leucoplasts anoshandiswa kureva kuchengetera zvinovaka muviri uye rutsigiro chirimwa upenyu nokuda kukwanisa kuchengeta uye synthesize mapuroteni, lipids, makemikari.

Chloroplasts basa rinokosha mune nedanho photosynthesis. With kubatsirwa kuramba ruvara chlorophyll ari plastids pakati carbon dioxide inobvisa kunoitika uye kutendeuka mvura mamorekuru mu shuga uye okisijeni mamorekuru.

Chromoplasts nemhaka mavara yakajeka zvinokwezva nezvipembenene pollination. Dzidza mashandiro anoita plastids izvi kuchiri kuenderera.