Population uye nzvimbo Bashkiria. Republic of Bashkortostan: guru, mutungamiri, upfumi, muzvarirwo

Vashanyi vanobva munyika yose kuuya zvokuvhoterwa, kudzidza tsika nemagariro ayo uye kunakidzwa nokuona. Area Bashkiria huru uye dzakasiyana uye kujairika hunhu. Kana iwe nokusingaperi aida kuenda ikoko - kuva nechokwadi kuti.

nyaya

Nokuti kokutanga zvokuvhoterwa uye vanhu vayo vari anotaurwa akanyorwa zvinhu pamusoro rechi10 remakore. Zvakawanda makomo Bashkiria kugarwa chikamu chimwe zvemo vanhu, vamwe vaigara yakakura steppes. Chavainyanya basa - kuvhima, mhuka minda uye hove.

Muna 12-14 emakore vakasuwa ari Bashkirs vakamanikidzwa wechiTatar-eMongolia, kuti Horde pashure pokuwa kuvapo rwacho rwakanga mungozi - vanhu vakanga mwoyo, ichiparara. Muna 1557 kwakasarudzwa kuti zvairayirwa Russian mamiriro. Zvishoma nezvishoma, nharaunda anotanga rizare Bashkortostan. nhare dzakawanda rakavambwa kudzivirira pakurwisa muvengi. Veko vava Russian chiitiko kurima. Muzana remakore rechi18 rakava muzinda Yuzhnyy Ural mugodhi indasitiri.

Bashkirs vakatora Zvinoshingaira muHondo Varimi '. kukupfura yavo akatungamirirwa mudetembi uye unyanzvi mutungamiri rechiuto Salavat Yulaev, vakasungwa nehurumende uye akatuma kuutapwa pashure pokukundwa. Zvadaro, akava gamba renyika.

Nokusvika kwedzimwe vokuSoviet akaumba munhu zvionera zvokuvhoterwa. Muna 1992, maererano kuparara Soviet Union uye kuchinja hurumende, yakanga zita. Beautiful nyika yainzi Republic of Bashkortostan. Zviri saka tinoziva nhasi. Wokuti "Makore zvingani Bashkortostan?" Ko zvakaoma kupindura zvinonyatsoteerera. Sezvo yoga munharaunda zvokuvhoterwa yakavambwa anopfuura 700 apfuura. Asi wake rokuberekwa kubvira pezana remakore rechi15 - ndipo kuti yakatora kubudikidza Russia.

nharaunda Bashkiria

The Republic iri kumaodzanyemba chikamu Mountains Ural, pakutanga kwezana Europe uye Asia. Pedyo Perm, Sverdlovsk, kuChelyabinsk, Orenburg nharaunda. In kumavirira nokumusoro-kumadokero yakabatana Tatarstan uye Udmurtia, ukuwo. Nzvimbo chaiwo Bashkiria - 143 kubva 600 zviuru mativi makiromita (ndiko 0,8% of zvachose munharaunda Russia).

Capital of Zimbabwe ndiro guta Ufa. Beloretsk, Ishimbai, Kumertau, Neftekamsk, Salavat, Sibai, Sterlitamak - guta guru, iro Anozvirumbidza Bashkiria. The mutauro nako kukurukura vagari vayo - Russian. Vanotaurawo wadzo Bashkir, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo vanhu vari achinyatsogona wechiTatar. Vagari venyika (maererano 2010 okuverengwa) - vanhu 1.172.287. Kune kumativi mamiriyoni 2 Bashkirs.

Weather uye Climate

Republic okunze - Continental. Weather in Bashkiria unochinja, nezvimwewo nguva. Low wemakomo eJudhiya hachidzivisi kupinda pakati kuSiberia mhepo vakawanda.

Summers vari kwoushamwari munyika. The tembiricha iri inowanzorimwa Piedmont Ural mapazi achisimuka 40 inegumi. Paavhareji July tembiricha iri kuchengetwa chinzvimbo 16 kusvika 20 ° C. Kuwanda jeka mazuva muguta guru - munzvimbo 260. The munguva yechando Bashkiria rakanyatsojeka zvikuru. tembiricha Kuora riri pedo madhigirii 15, asi dzimwe nguva lämpömittari anodonhedza kuti -40 ° C. Steppes kwese madutu kuti kuridza kure nechando kubva kumusoro kunzvimbo Urals mumipata. Chando anooneka September uye kunotora kusvikira April. Weather in Bashkiria kunobva mhepo, paavhareji, ine pamusoro nokukurumidza 3,4-5,2 metres por wechipiri.

muzvarirwo

Vazhinji vashanyi kupinda nyika kunakidzwa ayo siyana hunhu. Vaifamba Bashkiria, iva nechokwadi kuti tarisa coniferous uye Deciduous masango. Manyawi uye majestically iri vaine yemiouki izvi, chiedza madota, platanoides Maple, unopinza omusipiresi. Nharaunda akapfuma kasvisto chic uye dzakasiyana fauna of - mhuka kuti anowanzoramba pamusoro taiga, vanogara mumasango aya. Mbeva, jays, chamatebwe uye hedgehogs - mashomanana mhuka dzinogona kubata meso vashanyi.

Sango-inowanzorimwa Bashkiria nezvi- makava, mhumhi uye hares, dzimwe nguva unogona kusangana nondo. Vatowanda akazaruka munzvimbo inogarwa Prairie nemakonzo. Pedyo madhamu akagadzirisa gulls uye duck. Inowanzorimwa Nzvimbo iri miti sparse, zvinomera zvidiki, kukura zviyo - ovsets uye munhenga. Of veko - muvhu squirrels, inosvetuka. Shiri dzakawanda nyama - zvapungu, makondo, kites. Kazhinji vanogona kuonekwa dzinodzengerera mudenga kana agere mawere - saka vari vakarinda uye akatarisa panze kuti chaakapamba. Zauralye inowanzorimwa madhamu vari rine shiri, uye pedyo nenzizi unogona kusangana vanogara pedyo dondo.

makomo Bashkiria

The chikuru Kukwezva Bashkortostan - ndiwo makomo ayo anoshamisa. Heano mukuru gomo Southern Urals - kuwedzera vertices maviri Yamantau umo nzizi dzakawanda unoyerera. Chimwe gomo mukurumbira - Iremal matsvene, vanokwira pamusoro kuti kusvikira remakore rechi19, zviri zvaisambobvumirwa. Mountain Premel - mai nzizi mbiri, kugeza iro rinogona mhosva nesimba zvinoshamisa kare gore mberi.

Pane ngano pamusoro pakuonekwa makomo Jurack Vangararai, Kush-Vangararai, Shakh-Vangararai uye Trả-Vangararai. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti makore akawanda apfuura yendarira webhiza Ghaxaq aida nomwanasikana yekare Ural, Agidel runako. Akaedza atambudzwe vasikana, asi manzwiro ake akanga asina yakawiriranwa. Sat Ghaxaq ipapo bhiza rake uye vakadzingirira pashure wake waaida. Vakabata kumusoro, akarova hwake tyava kuti hasha mutana Urals. Akashandura mwanasikana wake zuva rokutsanya rwizi, Ghaxaq uye vasingagoni kubata misikanzwa Agidel - Water ruchiyerera napakati neminwe.

Akasarudza kutuma musikana gondo, asi haana kununura. All vakaziva Ghaxaq, akatorwa kubva pazamu pamoyo, akandwe patsoka dzake dzinodiwa. Iye akamubata, asi kudzokera seyevanhu vakasagona. Zvino panzvimbo ina Sheehan - Jurack Vangararai (mwoyo), Kush-Vangararai (shiri), Shah-Vangararai (Ghaxaq) uye Trả-Vangararai (gomo rudzi Bashkirs).

rwizi

Rivers, uyewo makomo, muri kuzvikudza imwe zvokuvhoterwa kukuru. The Kudeuka uye simba kupfuura parwizi Bashkiria - White. Inoyerera, izvozvo meanders pamusoro PREDURALIE uye pamwe nomujinga mezvikomo zvokumavirira. rechibharo Its - nzizi Nugush, Sim, Ufa uye Dema. Muna November, mushure chakakomba frosts, rwizi nokukurumidza ledeneyut. Pashure 5 months, zvishoma nezvishoma thawed.

Muzvinhu masango uye steppes kuverenga vazhinji madziva dzakasiyana kukura. Vane yakafara, asi kwete yakadzika, uye vazhinji vavo vari vashoma netsanga, murove cinquefoil nezvimwe zvinomera. siyana madziva - fresh, yakarungwa nomunyu, asi ivo Akaisvonaka avo munhu akazvimiririra.

Nature reserves

Vazhinji nzvimbo inogarwa Bashkiria zvinokosha hunhu hwemunhu.

• State Reserve. Zvayaiva pamuganhu Deciduous uye Birch masango, raiva pedyo mhiri-Ural steppes. Flora uye fauna of wakafuma chaizvo, musha zvose mhuka uye carnivores makuru. Reserve vashandi kuongorora kuchengetedza uye maberekero shiri nemhuka, vazhinji rinogona kuwanikwa Red Book.
• Shulgan-Tash. Muna Russian Federation hapana analogues panzvimbo ino - Reserve kunodzivirirwa uye vakadzidza nenyuchi muti womusango mhango. Vari nyore Kutamiswa chando uye husingakwanisi zvirwere, uye zvibereko zvavo kumusoro yekudyidzana. Uyewo ari kuchengeterwa kuchengetedzwa zvisingawanzoitiki shiri.
• Bashkir National Park. Akazadzwa zvisingawanzoitiki mhando nemhuka. Vashanyi mukana kufamba zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza nzira (yakarongerwa pakutengeserana).

Bashkiria ano

Bashkortostan - kumwe zvemari kugadzikana kumatunhu Russian Federation. Republic ane dzakasimukira indasitiri, uye guta guru iri rakanakira mabhizimisi (maererano Forbes yavose sezvavakatarirwa). Cost yokurarama munyika Bashkiria rikaiswa nehurumende iri uwandu 8691 rubles por capita. Nokuti mabasa - 9205, nokuti pensioners - 7061, vana - 8856.

Muminda anorimwa zvirimwa uye maindasitiri zvirimwa mumapurazi - gwai, mabhiza yehuku. Dzakakurumbira shinda kugadzirwa uye nyuchi. Kugadzirwa mafuta achinatsa munyika, engineering rwekushanda nesimbi. Bashkiria mafekitari vaita kuveza uye kugadzirwa zvokuvakisa.

On mundima zvokuvhoterwa pane muna 1644 zvikoro pre-kuchikoro, 1587 zvikoro uye 10 nevoruzhinji zvikoro.

famba

Tourism - mumwe chikuru muupenyu munyika Bashkortostan. unowanzonzi Switzerland wechipiri nokuda kusiyana zviwanikwa. Kupindana parwendo, unogona kuva nechokwadi: pano anogona kukupa nzira dzakasiyana kuti nhandaro nekwevanorwa pfungwa uye plesieroorde. Unogona kumisa pamusoro nzvimbo nzvimbo, mune hwomutambarakede Hotels kana bhajeti hostels.

Bashkortostan Republic anoda kushandisa dzakawanda musango mudungwe munzira. sarudzo yako - mazana zhizha nechando bhazi Tours, kusanganisira achipfuura guru uye reserves. Nokuti vanoda bhiza Kuda, Rafting pamusoro catamarans kana kayaks ikoko kunakidze. Unogona bhuku the kana bhasikoro rwokuparidza, kwataita safari, Vachifamba, speleotury kana nyore dzinoyevedza rwendo.

Ufa - guta guru Bashkiria

Ufa iri pakati Bashkiria, panguva confluence nzizi zvikuru zvitatu. Nhoroondo guta yakatanga kusvika 1574 - apo Ufa aiva Russian nhare wokutanga. Zvishoma nezvishoma Achitambanudzira ayo simba rose pamusoro nyika, nhare kuchengeta kudzivirira uye kunoratidza pakurwisa vavengi.

The guta yakazarukira vaenzi vakawanda dzemitambo, apo unogona kuona mutambo uye mutambo, dhanzi uye kutamba, murinde wavanongoshandisa dzinoratidza. Vashanyi anogona kupedza nguva yavo National unyanzvi mamiziyamu muguta, uyewo kutarira Zvivako zvechitendero uye kuenda mabhaisikopu ano.

Ufa - yakaisvonaka chaizvo uye itaundi. Pamwe kumicheto ari Neine Basa Chaizvo mikuru iri misara vari madota, poplar uye mumeporo miti. Dzimba inotsiviwa mumapaki, nemapaki - dzimba. The chikuru womumhuri guta - views mhiri korwizi Vistas. Ivo dziripo kusvikira kusimira ziso: daro unogona kuona mitema floodplain, anodurura makakombama ine makungwa nenzizi kuti vaende zvishoma iri kuuya. Mumwe anogona kuona zvishoma mberi kumativi pezvikomo, akafukidza inopenya mitema. In kumavirira - a kwoumbozha Demos rwizi mupata pamwe zvikova, mumasango uye mahombekombe - a kufarira kuzororo vagari veguta.

Musoro zvokuvhoterwa

Muna 2014, kuti rechipiri izwi, iye akasarudzwa Rustem Zakievich Hamitov. Ake rezvematongerwe akatanga kugadzwa ake sezvo sachigaro Commission on zvezvakatipoteredza, ipapo aishanda sezvo mukuru institute, uye akava mushumiri dzatinoshandira 1994 zvakatipoteredza. Shure kwake - makore akawanda basa iri Kirk mamiriro. Muna 2010, aimbova Mutungamiriri wenyika Bashkortostan Murtaza Rakhimov akasiya. Rustem Khamitov akagadzwa panzvimbo yake Dmitriem Medvedevym. National Assembly of Republic kutsigira candidacy ake. July 15, 2010 Rustem Zakievich Hamitov pamutemo akatanga basa iri mutoro pambiru.

Khamitov youth rinoita kuda mitambo, dzichiri Ukama dzakawanda. Purezidhendi Bashkortostan anoenda munyika, zviri kuitika mune zvose hwake.

Ethnic chili

• Bishbarmak - yakabikwa horsemeat kana gwayana, gurwa. Somunhu divi dhishi - the noodles pamwe muto kubva nyama.
• Dried soseji yaigadzirwa horsemeat.
• Sweet uye wakawanda chizi (PFUPI).
• Berry kendi.
• Mare mukaka - mukaka chokunwa, yakaitwa kubva hachi mukaka. Sour kuravira koumiss kubatsirwa aikoshesa pose.
• Shindy - inobva chinwiwa tsanga germinated rye kana bhari.
• Airan - anovava mukaka rakasanganiswa nemvura. mubatsiri akakwana pakurwisa nyota.

zvipfeko chinyakare

A hembe refu ane pamipendero uye pfupi risina bhachi (kamzul), dzinopfekwa pamusoro - achishandisa hono National inoita. Warm nedehwe remakwai ganda kana ushamwari yechando jasi (Gilles). On tsoka - majombo nejira tibia uye zvinyoronyoro nemigumo ganda (Saryk) uye ruoko-akaita nematehwe shangu (kata). Varombo vaifanira kupfeka shangu. Panguva musoro inogona kupfeka skullcap, uye pamusoro - mumwe chivharo kubva otter kana Beaver.

Women Clothing - rakafara, refu neketani dzomumakumbo urefu mapfekero, dzakarukwa pamusoro mupendero RIBBONS chitsvuku. Chiedza mbudo akapfeka pamusoro epuroni akapfuma nezvakarukwa uye nguvo, vakagadzira panguva kumicheto tinsel. Sezvo rokunze zvipfeko akashandisa gowns, yakashongedzwa simbi dzemabhande emabhurukwa uye marozari, muchando - a mbava jasi. Headgear - sikavha Calico uye mbava hat. Shoes akafanana varume: Saryk nezvakarukwa, kata pamwe pazvitsitsinho. Girls kubva mumhuri yakapfuma aipfeka siyana zvishongo: zvindori, nezvomumutsipa, norwonzi, mhete, pendants.

Pari unogona kuona tsika zvokupfeka vakwegura kana vari kupemberera, uyewo chokupika zvavo vachitamba uye nziyo.

yakatarwa zviitiko

• Day Bashkiria chokuita kuitwa pakati Declaration of State uchangamire Republic. Zvinonzi musi 11 October.
• Constitution Day - December 24.
• Eid al-Fitr - vakapemberera maererano womudenga karenda. Mhemberero pakuguma nokutsanya nomwedzi Ramadan.
• Eid al-Adha - sezvo yapfuura zororo Bashkortostan, yakatarwa womudenga karenda. It is Islamic mutambo vakapemberera kuchengeta chibayiro Prophet Ibrahim.
• Sabantuy. imwe nguva kupemberera zvakatangwa Government chirevo. Unokudzwa kuguma remvura munda basa.
• Salauat yyyyny - mumwe zororo Bashkortostan, ari Republican ngano mutambo rokukudza Salavat Yulayev.

Places ukoshi kushanyira

Walkers muna Ufa? Shanyira shongwe kuna Bashkir mapurani - the mausoleum pamusoro Hussein-Beck uye Keshene (mu "imba kuora" mushanduro). Zvayaiva 40 chete kubva muguta guru, nguva pakuvaka kwavo - the remakore rechi11 rechi13 azvaitwa uye.

The kuchengeterwa Shulgan-Tash napo Kapova bako (kurudyi kumahombekombe White). Kuva Mapuriro zvitatu zvachose kureba 1,8 makiromita, ndiko chinokosha nhangaruvazhe akiyoroji. The National Park "Bashkiria" riri dzinongoitika zambuko Kuperlya. Makore akawanda akapfuura, rwizi akaputsa kuburikidza pevhu gwara, pova bako guru, izvo vakadonha pamwe nguva uye zvakasikwa basa uri - ayo chikamu anoramba yokuturika pamusoro rwizi semabhiriji.

Birsk unogona kudzidza zvose pamusoro pevairwara rwokugadzira ravaIndia vanhu Bashkortostan. Pane fekitari ounyanzvi zvigadzirwa, hunokonzera matkamuistoja kubva capo-mudzi (kukura pamusoro nemidzi uye hunde dzacho kuti Birch) uye zviumbwa zvakasiyana-siyana.

Republic Anozvirumbidza nemagariro zvivako uye nzvimbo, zvizhinji hazvina vakadaro - ivo chete akanaka kwazvo. Vaenzi vanoda kushanyira Bashkortostan Ufa rwenze munzvimbo (nomurwizi Ufa River). The maonero akanga akakwana: kutsanya rwizi, nenzwi mitema masango, mumapako uye sinkholes, achirova matsime - kubva zvose izvi befu!

Nature Bashkir chinokushamisa wayo yakasiyana uye asingatsananguriki runako. In mashoko, hazvibviri kutsanangura zvose zvayo anoshamisa nzvimbo, asi unogona kuona havo. Kana kuronga rwendo, iva nechokwadi kuti kufunga Bashkortostan - nharaunda yakanaka ine akapfuma hunhu.