Prince Mikhail Vasilyevich Skopin-Shumsky: Biography, mabasa uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Akafa 23, uye muchetura godo intriguers. Kana zvaibvira kuti maitiro ake upenyu zvishomanana kwazvo, ipapo ichi kuti kuwanikwa, zvichida, chete neshoko rimwe - "basa". Skopin-Shuisky, Mikhail Vasilyevich (11.08.1586 -. 23.04.1610 makore), munhu akakurumbira wemauto, pakupera kwezana zvichaitirwa Russia Panguva Troubles murume, kuuya naye kwete chete nemauto kukunda, asi kukunda nezvibvumirano. Kuvapo kwake akafuridzirwa vanhu. Vanhu kumira pamberi pake namabvi ake, uye tsitsi, kutsvodana ari stirrup.

Skopin-Shuisky pakurwa haazivi kukundwa, chaizvoizvo kuitisa vatorwa mutemo panzvimbo yake romora uye anokudzwa rokutonga sekuru Vasiliya Ivanovicha Shuyskogo. Vavhiringidzika pedyo utsinye dzakawedzerwa nokutya rashe wamambo akatora upenyu hwake muzukuru kwete chete, asiwo tariro yose Russia.

Biography Skopin-Shumsky ndiyo nyaya ino.

Tsamba. yokutambudzika

Kamwe muna 1584, Ivana Groznogo yaidzipira muna 1598 chepfu mwanakomana wake ane makore 42 okuberekwa, Fyodor, akatapudza youmambo bazi Rurik. Nokuti korona - a kwehwamanda kadhi iri mubato-vamukira - kutambura boyar nemhuri: Godunov, Mstislavskys, Romanov Shuiskis. Wekutanga ndokutora chigaro muna 1598, aimbova oprichnik Boris Godunov.

Zvisinei, pamusoro richisvika mambo mukuru aifanira kuva mwanakomana mudzimai wechinomwe Ivana Groznogo - Dmitry. Vasingafari mwana vaityisidzirwa norufu mumaoko venhema chigaro. Uye ndizvo zvakaitika, akazonyorwa Vasiliy Shuysky pamutemo kuita kuferefeta. Dmitriy "playfully wakarovererwa afa banga."

Chivande Boyar simba hondo mberi. Raiva foregone mhedziso nokutapwa Boris Godunov, "ndiani wavhima kwete chinzvimbo" monarshestvo. 13 April 1605 Mambo Boris-makore 53 okuberekwa, ari utano hwakanaka, aine chisvusvuro chakanaka kudya, wamuka kuti shongwe, kuti vanakidzwe mamiriro Moscow. Nokukurumidza vakarwara, mhuno uye pahuro ndokutanga ropa, uye iye akafa. Yakanga mhando manyorero poisoners Shuiskis. Zvose zvakaitwa kudaro clumsily uye pachena, kuti boyars aifanira kutanga makuhwa, inonzi "hana ndondo mambo", akatora muchetura.

King-wezvakashata

Saizvozvowo 1605 nesimba pamusoro hafu gore Muscovy munyengeri Venhema Dmitry anouya. nyaya yose iyi pakutanga zvokuronga lzhetsarem Shuiskys uye Romanovs. Kwete mukana aimbova Gregory Otrepyev muchivanze Romanov, uye muna Lithuania zviri pamwe aivimbwa naye mamongi Shuiskis. Zvisinei, pasinei boyars uyo akakwira choumambo zvavanoda Lzhedmitry akaratidza kushingaira mambo, kwete achida kupa simba.

Boyars-unoranganawo akamuuraya, uye ipapo korona chakavanzika kanzuru ake Vasiliya Shuyskogo. Akapika kuti vatonge avo dzinonzi kuteerera Boyar Duma. Panguva ino, gamba kuti nyaya yedu, Prince Skopin-Shumsky, akashumira pasi hama yake nesimba Basil. Iye kurindwa iye pachake uye kunovimbisa vakachengeteka kufamba VIPs.

The chimurenga Bolotnikov

Nokukurumidza paiva chinhu kunyange boyars Shuisky haana Mstislavsky kwete kutarisirwa. Cossack Ivan Isaevich Bolotnikov, vachiridza kusagutsikana pamwe Cossacks "Knights Mambo", akatungamirira kwebope.

Pakutanga, imposter wakazviunganidza 12,000 Cossacks, wechi kutsigira magavhuna Putivl Prince Shahovskoy. Vapanduki, kuvimba nemhomho nevari vanhuwo zvavo, vakanga nechinangwa panguva kubatwa of Moscow uye sapakuparadzwa pakati boyars chevaux Vasiliya Shuyskogo. Vakaipa tacitly akatsigira Rzeczpospolita.

Royal hondo, akarayira Regal mukoma Fedor, vakakundwa chose. Rebel Cossack kumucheto Moscow.

"Polutsar" sezvo Basil yainzi nevanhu, vakagamuchirwa chete hwake chisarudzo akachenjera: akangoerekana akachinja dare basa protege ake, uye nemapfumbamwe Mikhail Skopin-Shumsky, kufanana nababa vake nasekuru, ndokuva warlord Moscow.

kuchengetedzwa Moscow

Michael precocious uchenjeri kusiyana, raiva varefu, vakasimba jaya ane kuboora kundotarira zvakananga. Kubva pauduku akanga achigadzirira somurwi, zvakakwana Inoziva Streletsky zvombo, kurwisa bhiza dressage, atirari mashandiro.

Zvisinei, uye chikonzero haana kunyimwa. Skopin-Shuisky pakarepo pamusoro kugadzwa akaratidza kuva nehanya enyika, murongi. Airatidza kupfuura wakapiwa kunzwa mafungiro ratification uye kufurira nayo. Pakazosvika nguva Moscow wehondo akagara chinosuruvarisa ezvinhu, hazvina kuda ropa kuti "mambo boyars." Skopin akaratidza ndokusunga chikuru dambudziko-Maker: Ivan Troekurova Yuri Trubetskoy, Ivan Katyreva.

At kukombwa kuzvambarara nzvimbo inoshanyirwa Ivan Bolotnikov guru Skopin-Shumsky vakasarudzwa takunda zvisamumirira nzira. Nokukurumidza rinorema vamabhiza kurwiswa, akasikwa kurwisa sectors vachikurirwa mukana.

Cossacks nemamwe raznosherstaya inifanduri Ivan Bolotnikov haana nguva yokugadzirira atirari ravo kurwisa vakatambura kurasikirwa uye.

Basa iri North

Zvichakadai, pedyo Novgorod paiva mukana wamazvirokwazvo yokurasikirwa ndima uye kuwa nehurumende youmambo. Chevaux Vasily akatumira womunun'una wake Michael. Voivod, akakwira kuchamhembe guta, ndakawana kuti zvinhu zvakawanda chaizvo. Bolotnikova yomuchipatara akakwanisa nechokwadi vamwe vemo boyars namachinda mu insolvency "polutsarya". Izvi muchidziisa uye ndechokuti pedyo maguta muPskov uye Ivangorod Moscow hwachinja citizenship.

Sezvineiwo Novgorod gavhuna Tatishchev akaramba akavimbika kuna mambo, pamwechete Skopin-Shumsky, ivo vakava chiito ronga. Embassy of Novgorod, akatungamirirwa mambo akasangana mumishinari hurukuro musoro Swedish mauto Yakobom Delagardi, tagutsikana chibvumirano chibvumirano naye kurwisa Commonwealth.

Skopin-Shumsky wakasimbisa mweya Novgorod mauto, saka kana masvingo eguta, mune tariro kukunda nyore, akasvika echiShinto pakati Polish Pan Kozinetskogo, vakanga kundosangana kuzarura suwo, uye ruzha kubva masvingo Novgorod. Pan aifanira kudzokera chinhu.

Battle pasi bhaira

Kudzokera kuMoscow, muzukuru wamambo, nounyanzvi achifambisa, iye kumanikidzwa hondo Ivana Bolotnikova kwenguva mutsindo hondo pedyo nomusha pedyo Moscow Boilers December 2, 1806. Mune anotyisa varwe Cossack chiedza vamabhiza, achitarisira reserves uye anotarisira Skopina sezvo pasi masvingo Moscow, bhiza yemabhuku kurwisa, muduku mutungamiri vapanduki vakashandisa zvisingatarisirwi mazano.

Pane reciprocating nokuveza bhiza dhaka akasangana nevanhu volleys ose grapeshot. Akaratidza simba rake vakavaka panguva hondo kuzorwa achifambisa atirari (vouta akamudana "famba-munda"). Zvadaro kuvaka vaora mwoyo bolotintsev richivezwa parutivi mugwara kwechirwere rinorema emauto.

Ndiani akatambura kurasikirwa Cossack Ataman mauto, vakapukunyuka encirclement, ichidzokera kuburikidza Serpukhov kuna Kaluga. Zvisinei, MV Skopin-Shumsky akapfuurira kushandura ake tsamwisa urongwa dzamarudzi vachirwisa. In June 1607 panguva Crow River vatatu hondo yake dzakapasanura napakati kudzivirira mutsetse pakati vakaipa, uyo vakadzokera shure kuna Tula uye ndokugarako.

kutora Tula

Guta dzakasimba masvingo, zvokudya uye armories zvakanga zvakaoma mupengo kutsemuka nokuda youmambo ratification. Uye Ivan Bolotnikov, murume kuita, kwete kuita arohwa mukomana. Skopin-Shuisky vakaedza kutora parutivi dutu, asi akanga rebuffed.

Muzukuru wamambo vainzwisisa zvakanakira nzvimbo nevanozvitsigira, avo atirari. Iye aitevedzera kukombwa chaizvoizvo Kuisa mumwe, zvikuru oumhizha urongwa. Mutungamiri Skopin Shumsky muchivande akarayira rwizi, waiva Tula, kuvaka mai. Kana mvura pamwero akasimuka, yakaparadzwa. It zvikazara pakudzivirira atirari depots uye nenhumbi. Zvakazoitwa storming pamusoro Tula zvakabudirira. Aine mhirizhonga pamusoro Bolotnikov zvakanga pamusoro.

Zvisinei, pamusoro pechigaro muMoscow loomed yakatokura kutyisidzirwa.

Venhema Dmitry II. Hondo Poland

magnates Polish, vachiona neutera Muscovy, kunosiya hapana tariro kushayisa E changamire. Pfungwa itsva mushandirapamwe haana kutarisa refu. Saka akaberekwa Nedzenhema Dmitry II, mumwe protege of Commonwealth, munhu wenhamo uye dzinodzorwa, - chifukidzo kuti kufora musi Moscow. Hwaro mauto, uyo akataura pasi vaifungidzira basa, chehondo Sapieha uye Ruzhin rinosvika varwi 14,000. Vakanga yabatana Cossack hondo Trubetskoy uye Zarutsky (yaimbonzi muuto rokutanga Venhema Dmitry). Uto ichi pakutanga vakatamira yakananga Tula, kuti anobatana Bolotnikov, asi haana kuva nguva.

Chevaux Vasily akatuma Skopin-Shumsky rubatsiro kuna Novgorod uye Swedish vakabatana.

Muna May 1609 kuRussia-Swedish hondo Skopina uye De la Gardie, kutamira kuMoscow, akatanga kunokomba Rabha vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata. Akanga vakabatana regiments pamusoro Smolensk vatongi Shein.

Mauto vakadzingwa kuna Old Rus, Toropets. Muhondo pedyo Tver zvakazara akaratidza tactical tarenda youmambo muzukuru. Voivod Zborowski vaitenda feint ake, vakarasika vanenge 5000 mauto.

Zvisinei, pashure kwakadaro penya kukunda Union Yakoba Delagardi uye Skopin-Shumsky yakadhirika. YeSweden vakanga hanya enyika zvinangwa Muscovy, vaitofarira mikombe. Pamwechete nehondo yeRussia hwakaramba hondo Christer Somme, mumwe reshanu Union ratification. Saka, hondo Russian simba muduku pakati nechisimba, asi richengetedzwe rakabatana zvirongwa Prince Michael kwaikosha.

mutungamiri

Skopin-Shumsky panguva iyoyo akanga akakurumbira kwazvo pakati pavanhu, nekuti pashure akarega pasi Kalyazin, akatuma nhume kwaari vachibva kumativi kubva munharaunda uye dzemamongi vakatanga kugamuchira vavabatsire uye mari. Zvichakadai, mutungamiri yakabudirira kurovedzwa raznosherstoe kuuya mauto kundorwa pamusoro muenzaniso Swedish, kuwana kurangwa uye unyanzvi. Nokusava kusimbisa emauto bristling pfuti achifamba-guta. The inifanduri vakadzidza kushayisa aifamba nemabhiza rinoshamisa kwava moto.

Achitungamirirwa Skopin-Shumsky hondo kwakaitika pasi pedyo Kalyazin Trinity Monastery (Makar'ev) zvakaenzana nehondo yake vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata Yana Sapegi uye Zborowski. Interventionists kurwisa sezvakarayirwa kurwisana Muscovites, mukati-awa manomwe hondo vakatambura inorema nezvinhu uye vakadzokera shure.

Russian mberi, tine yakahwina Pereyaslav-Zaleski uye Alexander sabhabha. Vakawedzera: Moscow gavhuna akapa dzemamongi vakapedza mari pamusoro Delagardi varwi.

Zvichakadai, Poles regrouped. zviuru 20 aigona basa mauto Sapieha hwevaPeresia Skopin-Shumsky. Zvisinei, hondo iri musango rakanga vakakunda Karin Russian uye Swedish. Vaya stoically hwevaPeresia kupenga Kurwisa wePolish hussars, kunonoka zvavo zvamatanda nenyika masvingo, chete kuti tiputse zvavo parutivi kurwiswa.

The kukundwa mauto Sapieha

Skopin-Shumsky kukunda vakasundira Polish King Sigismund III kuratidza chiso chake zvechokwadi uye kududzira hondo Muscovy, choushe iyo akasarudza vossadit Prince Ladislas. Akatuma hondo yake huru springboard Muscovy - Smolensk.

Zvisinei, ngozi chikuru hachisi Men waMambo, uye iri isuwo pedyo kuMoscow, pasi Tushino mauto Sapieha (saka remadunhu- nhoroondo Venhema Dmitry II - «Tushino mbavha"). Zvisinei, Prince Michael haana kusiya muvengi chete. Sally Skopinskaya gavhuna asati asvika huru mauto akamanikidza Poles kuti tibve Tushino kuna Dmitrov.

Panguva gore Skopin February-1610 Shuya Mikhail rwendo kuramba hondo deprotected Moscow. generalship ake dzinokurumidza chiito - rwazvo rwakatarisana akazotevera Russian wemauto, Suvorov. Akanga pfupi zvichibvira nguva anoteya the hondo pakati musketeers, uyo, nokuda zvakonzerwa kumhanya rinoshamisa, nokuparadza ane yepamusoro boka ravarwi Poles uye dhipuroya zvombo negwara. Pakarepo (yaiva February 20) akauya Kununurwa lossless uto Russian pakarepo anopidigura mauto Sapieha, nokuriparadza zvikuru. Vakuru vasara kutizira Smolensk, kuti anobatana wehondo yamambo.

pachinzvimbo mhedziso

Achikunda akapedza chando danidziro 1610, ishe wangu uye gavhuna, Prince MV Skopin-Shuya mukubwinya shure kuMoscow. Akanga vachifara uye kufara, ari kutarisira inokosha kufora kuna Smolensk.

Boyars zvakashamisa Brown iri muduku uye nesimba mwari Russian yehondo anova rudo kwevanhu, zvavakanga kumbobvira. Mariri vanoona inonyatsojekesa somukwikwidzi simba rake pane vanokudzwa. Choushati yakavanda nevavariro mhuri munin'ina wamambo, Dmitry, vachiti chigaro. Iye nemaune pave nerunyerekupe kuti Mikhail Skopin-Shumsky anoda kuva mambo. "Polutsar", ari iye akaipa mumwoyo, authorizes kuurayiwa muzukuru wake.

Skopin-Shumsky anonyevera nezvengozi shamwari yake, asi Swede Jakob the Gardie, kukurudzira mangwanani chitubu kutanga Anti-Polish kambani. Zvisinei, musikana gamba-mhanya.

Pasina mubvunzo izvozvo ndechokuti umhondi wake akaronga pachine. Akagadzwa panguva nokubhabhatidzwa achangoberekwa mwanakomana Prince Vorotynsky. Skopin-Shumsky akakoka GODFATHER, uye wake poisoner (mukadzi Prince Dmitry Catherine, mwanasikana Malyuta Skuratov) - godmother. All akasarudza Rova zvakasimba mukombe wake yewaini. Kusvibisa Zviratidzo dzaiva dzakafanana richiratidzwa Boris Godunov. Zvisinei, simba muviri Prince Michael vhiki mbiri kuedza kurwisa chinouraya muchetura.

Zvokuti utsinye Shuiskys hama vakauraya maoko evanhu, kugona kuponesa chigaro chavo, kuti ani Mikhail Skopin-Shumsky. Brief asi penya aiva hwake. In rufu rwake yose Moscow vakapfeka kuchema, achichema National zvechokwadi gamba. Breakfast ndiye Knight Delagardi akanyunyuta kuti hapana, kana Russia, kana kumba haana kusangana shamwari yake yepamwoyo.

Vanababamunini gamba, muurayi wake, usina tarenda kana aongorore Muscovy kana kutungamirira uto rake nokukurumidza akawana pachavo anoteyiwa matanda, uye guta guru akatorwa ignominiously, pasina kurwa.