ReCaspian rinoti: kadhi muganhu. Iyo nyika yasukwa paGungwa reCaspian?

Kusvikira ikozvino, Chavanoitirana nharo pamusoro chinzvimbo kweGungwa reCaspian yasvika. Chokwadi kuti, pasinei ayo zita zvakafanana, harisati nyika guru inouraya mudhamu. Sea rainzi nokuda zvinhu ane chimiro pasi. It chakaumbwa Oceanic goko. Uyezve, mvura gungwa wakawanda. Segungwa, kazhinji pane akaona madutu uye mhepo yakasimba kuti kumutsa makuru.

jogirafi

KweGungwa reCaspian iri riri pamharadzano dzenzira Europe uye Asia. Chimiro, rinotiyeuchidza mumwe earufabheti - S. The From rwezasi kusvikira kurutivi rwokumusoro gungwa akatambanudza nokuda 1200 km uye kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira - kubva 195 kusvika 435? Km.

KweGungwa reCaspian ndima haisi yunifomu raro zvirwere uye nenzvimbo. Panyaya iyi conventionally muzvikamu 3 nhengo. Izvi zvinosanganisira North neMiddle uye South reCaspian.

riparian nyika

Iyo nyika yasukwa paGungwa reCaspian? Kune shanu chete:

1. Russia, riri kurutivi rwokumusoro, kumadokero uye kumadokero. Nemhenderekedzo wehurumende ichi pamwe kweGungwa reCaspian ndiye 695? Km. Pano dziri chikamu Russia Kalmykia, Dagestan uye Astrakhan nharaunda.
2. Kazakhstan. Zviri nyika pamusoro kweGungwa reCaspian, riri kumabvazuva uye kuchamhembe-mabvazuva. Kureba yaro ndiyo 2320? Km.
3. Turkmenistan. Map of reCaspian rinoti kunoratidza kuti nyika iri zasi-kumabvazuva mvura mumudziyo. Length rakamiswa achitevedza mahombekombe mutsetse uri 1200? Km.
4. Azerbaijan. mamiriro ichi, izvo rinopfuurira pamwe kweGungwa reCaspian pa 955 km inoganhurana Mahombekombe ayo kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero.
5. Iran. Map of reCaspian rinoti kunoratidza kuti nyika iri pamhenderekedzo yokumaodzanyemba undrained Lake. Kureba kwayo nepagungwa miganhu iri 724? Km.

ReCaspian - Sea?

Pari, gakava hauna kugadziriswa sei kuzodana ichi yakasiyana muviri mvura. Zvino mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu unokosha. Chokwadi chokuti nyika dzose dziri reCaspian Sea vari munzvimbo zvaunoda. Zvisinei, mubvunzo wokuti sei kuti vagovere ichi muviri mvura hombe, hurumende shanu havagoni kusarudza kwenguva refu. Huru nharo akatendeuka pano. KweGungwa reCaspian - zviri achiri gungwa kana gungwa? Zvino mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu zvikuru kufarira kwete geographers. Chekutanga zvose zvakafanira enyika. Izvi imhaka kushandiswa mutemo dzakawanda.

ReCaspian inoti akadai Kazakhstan uye Russia, tenda kuti ukomba hwavo munzvimbo Ndashambidza pagungwa. Panyaya iyi, vamiririri venyika mbiri chandagwinyira pokushandisa UN Convention, vakagamuchirwa muna 1982, nezvezvitadzo mutemo mugungwa. Mugadziriro Gwaro rino inoti kuti mumhenderekedzo yegungwa inoti anopiwa dvenadtsatimilnaya mvura mapazi pamwe yaro miganhu. Uyezve, nyika ine kodzero upfumi zvomumvura nharaunda. It riri chinhambwe mazana maviri mamaira. Kodzero mumhenderekedzo dzegungwa State uye ari Continental pasherufu. Zvisinei, kunyange widest chikamu kweGungwa reCaspian ndiye akamanikana kupfuura dzakawanda zvinyorwa kure. Panyaya iyi, nheyo muMedhia akapiwa mutsetse ingashandiswa. Panyaya iyi, iyo reCaspian rinoti nepfungwa rwakadini mumhenderekedzo yegungwa miganhu, achagamuchira guru ndima gungwa.

Iran Panyaya iyi maonero yakati. Nhengo dzayo vanodavira kuti kweGungwa reCaspian inofanira kugoverwa zvakaenzana. Muchiitiko chino, nyika dzose achawana makumi maviri muzana zvomumvura ndima. Nzvimbo yepamutemo Tehran kunzwisisa. With ichi mhinduro, nyaya hurumende ichava kudzora nzvimbo yakakura kupfuura mugungwa panoparadzana mutsetse pakati.

Zvisinei, kweGungwa reCaspian gore negore yekudyidzana ikachinja mvura pamwero. Hazvibviri kuziva mutsetse nepakati uye ukamure nharaunda pakati States. Kwakadaro nyika kweGungwa reCaspian dzakadai kuAzerbaijan, Kazakhstan uye Russia dzakasaina chibvumirano mumwe, nokududza nechepasi idzodzo umo mapato acharatidza kodzero dzavo dzemari. Saka, muna kuchamhembe mundima yegungwa yakasvika mumwe chibvumirano chepamutemo. Kumaodzanyemba kweGungwa reCaspian nyika rwakafanana kusarudza haisati yasvika. Panguva iyoyo havasi kuziva zvibvumirano zvasvika vavakidzani hwokuchamhembe.

ReCaspian - pagungwa?

Vateveri maonero ichi inobva chokwadi kuti muviri mvura, riri pamharadzano dzenzira kuti Europe uye Asia, rakavharwa. Muchiitiko chino, hazvibviri kushandisa gwaro iri mitemo nyika dzakawanda mutemo mugungwa. Vanotsigira pfungwa iyi vanoti zvakanaka, kureva kuti kweGungwa reCaspian ndiye rwokuzvarwa pachishandiswa World Ocean. Asi ichi zvinomutsa mumwe dambudziko. Kana gungwa iri kweGungwa reCaspian, pamusoro miganhu chii dzomunyika zvinodiwa zvinofanira kurondedzerwa panguva yayo mvura expanses? Zvinosuruvarisa zvinyorwa izvi zvisati dzakabudirira. Chokwadi chokuti dzakawanda nyanza mibvunzo pose uye hapana vakakurukura.

ReCaspian - rakasiyana muviri mvura?

Kunze pamusoro pane mumwe wechitatu nemaonero pamusoro nhengo iyi zvinoshamisa muviri mvura. Vatsigiri varo vari pfungwa kuti kweGungwa reCaspian vanofanira kuzivikanwa dzakawanda mvura mumudziyo, ndeve zvakaenzana zvose zvayo nyika yakavakidzana. Mukuona kwavo, nharaunda yacho mari inozviisa pasi pamwe nokushanda dzakavakidzana navo mudhamu.

Security nyaya

ReCaspian inoti kuita zvose zvaanogona kuti agadzirise zvose zviripo kusanzwisisana. Uye zviitiko zvakanaka zvinogona kucherechedzwa panyaya iyi. Mumwe nhanho kurutivi kugadzirisa zvinetso reCaspian nharaunda, yaiva chibvumirano akasaina 18.11.2010, pakati nyika dzose shanu. Kwazvinoita nyaya pamwe ari kuchengeteka bhora. Mugwaro iri, nyika vakabvumirana pamusoro pejoinhi kubvisa ugandanga munzvimbo yebasa, kutengesa zvinodhaka, nechitsotsi, poaching, Mari laundering, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Environmental kuchengetedzwa

Pfungwa iri inobhadharwa zvezvakatipoteredza. Mumwe nharaunda pamusoro izvo reCaspian inoti uye Eurasia - nharaunda iri pasi nokutyisidzirwa maindasitiri kusvibiswa. Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan neAzerbaijan ari akadonha mumvura reCaspian matongo kubva ubanguranyika uye kugadzirwa simba. Uye munyika idzi pane vakawanda matsime vakasiya mafuta dzisina kushandisa nokufirwa, asi vachiri kuramba kuva rwakashata kukanganisa zvakatipoteredza. Kana Iran, izvozvo resets mugungwa mvura tsvina kubva zvokurima uye tsvina. Russia zvingangoisa mungozi ikoroji yacho nharaunda maindasitiri kusvibiswa. Izvi imhaka zvoupfumi basa kuti yakatanga munzvimbo yacho Volga.

nyika kweGungwa reCaspian vakaita zvimwe mberi mukubata nezvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza. Saka, kubva 12.08.2007, nharaunda ine simba convection Pakuumbwa, rinotaura chinangwa kudzivirira kweGungwa reCaspian. Gwaro yakatanga urongwa kudzivirira chaivo zvinhu uye basa kwevanhu zvinhu migumisiro iri hwemvura zvakatipoteredza. Maererano convection ichi, mapato vanofanira nekufambidzana kuitisa mabasa kugadzirisa zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ezvinhu kweGungwa reCaspian.

Muna 2011 uye 2012, nyika yose mashanu yakasainwa uye nemamwe magwaro anokosha nokuda kudzivirirwa zvomumvura kwezvakatipoteredza. Pakati pavo:

• Protocol musi Cooperation, Zvauchapindura uye kugadzirira romunharaunda pamusoro panowanikwa kacho zvichitungamirira kusvibisa mafuta.
• Protocol chokuita kudzivirirwa munzvimbo kusvibiswa kubva munyika-yakavakirwa zvinyorwa.

Development Mapaipi

Kusvika panguva reCaspian nharaunda iri unsolved rimwe dambudziko. It chokuita kuiswa negasi Mapaipi Nabucco. Pfungwa iyi zvinokosha inokosha basa kuWest uye United States, vanoramba kutsvaga manyuko simba, pane Russian. Ndicho chikonzero mukubata nyaya iyi mapato hadzingoshandi kunyika dzakadai Kazakhstan, Iran, uye chokwadi, Russian. KweBrussels uye Washington Used mutsara President wenyika Turkmenistan aita Baku musi 18.11.2010, panguva kukwirira misoro reCaspian nyika. Ndivo pamutemo chinzvimbo Ashgabat pamusoro Mapaipi kuvaka yakanga dzichitaurwa. Turkmen Zviremera vanodavira kuti chirongwa anofanira rakatangwa. Panguva iyoyowo wayo kuti munotenderana pakuvaka Mapaipi zvinofanira kupiwa chete kune States, vari mundima pasi iyo zvicharangarirwa iri. Uye kuti Turkmenistan uye Azerbaijan. Iran uye Russia vakashora chinzvimbo chakadaro uye basa pacharo. Muchiitiko chino, vakabayiwa ngamirirwa kudzivirira kweGungwa reCaspian mararamiro. To musi, kuvaka Mapaipi haina kuitwa nokuda nokusabvumirana chirongwa macho.

Implementation wokutanga manhengatenga

nyika kweGungwa reCaspian tichingotarisira kutsvaka nzira yokugadzirisa matambudziko vachisundira Eurasian nharaunda. Kuti izvi zvidaro, vakaronga musangano unokosha wevamiriri dzavo. Saka, kukwirira reCaspian littoral inoti yokutanga yakaitwa April 2002. The vakatozodzokera raiva Ashgabat. Zvisinei, musangano akawira pfupi tarisiro. Kukwirira kwainzi kukundikana nokuti zvinodiwa Iran kuti weboka munharaunda mugungwa 5 zvakaenzana nhengo. Izvi categorically vaipikisa dzimwe nyika. Vamiririri dzavo kudzivirira avo nemaonero kuti kukura mvura National vanofanira dzinoenderana kureba, inova nemhenderekedzo ehurumende.

Yezvinongoerekana kukwirira uye vakamukira nharo pakati Ashgabat uye Baku pamusoro zvokuyamura minda mafuta matatu riri pakati kweGungwa reCaspian. Somugumisiro, vakuru vakuru shanu inoti havana kuva nekubvirana pasi chero vose nyaya dzakamutswa. Zvisinei, izvozvo akapedzisa chibvumirano kubatirira kechipiri manhengatenga. Akanga raizoitirwa 2003 muna Baku.

Wechipiri reCaspian manhengatenga

Pasinei aivapo zvibvumirano, akatakura kunze vakaronga musangano rakange vambomira pagore. At kukwirira misoro reCaspian inoti rechipiri vakaungana chete 16.10.2007 The vakatozodzokera yakava Tehran. Musangano akakurukura kukamura uchishandisa nyaya chokuita tsanangudzo pamutemo ane yakasiyana muviri mvura, ndiro Gungwa reCaspian. National miganhu mukati mvura chikamu vanga vakatenderana ari drafting pagungano itsva. Uyewo akamutsa zvinokunetsa kuchengeteka, kwezvakatipoteredza, upfumi uye pamwe riparian nyika. Mukuwedzera, migumisiro basa vakanga waitsanangura, izvo hurumende akabata wokutanga manhengatenga. In Tehran, vamiririri venyika shanu inoti dzinoti nzira mamwe pamwe mudunhu.

Kuonana panguva Third Summit

Zvakare, musoro reCaspian nyika vakasangana Baku 18.11.2010 Mugumisiro pamusoro pegomo raiva kusaina kuti chibvumirano chokuwedzera pamwe pamusoro chibatiso nyaya. Pamusangano zvakanzi yakaratidza kuti zvimwe nyika kusuka paGungwa reCaspian, uye chete vanofanira kupa pakaunda-ugandanga, transnational utsotsi, yokuwedzera kwezvombo, uye zvichingodaro. D.

chechina manhengatenga

Zvakare, reCaspian inoti vakaratidza kunetseka dzavo Astrakhan 29.09.2014 Pamusangano mapurezidhendi kunyika shanu akasaina mumwe mutsara.

It akanyora chete zasi romumhenderekedzo yegungwa kunyika iri reCaspian panzvimbo muchiuto. Asi pamusangano kweGungwa reCaspian chinzvimbo haisati pakupedzisira kugadziridzwa.