Reraimu ehupfumi. Rock ndiye reraimu. reraimu fomura

Yematombo - dzinongoitika ibwe, inova dzakapfavirira emadhaka Organic kana organo-namakemikari mavambo, inoumbwa kazhinji calcium carbonate (calcite). Kazhinji unotora Goldstone tsvina, phosphate, silica, ivhu uye jecha nezvimedu uye calcareous residues marangwanda tusingaoneki. Munyaya ino, tichakurukura ichi dzinongoitika zvinhu, ayo mifananidzo, zvivako uye kwakaita chikumbiro, uyewo uzive zvinhu makemikari yokuita reraimu, uye zvakawanda.

inotungamirwa reraimu

Chokutanga, ngationei kuti sei zvicherwa izvi dzakaumbwa. Yematombo dzinowanzotsigi- kuumbwa nenzira isina kudzika zvomumvura dhishi, kunyange panewo Freshwater. It kumbowanikwa muchimiro deposits uye akaturikidzana. Dzimwe nguva precipitates, kufanana gypsum uye munyu kubva evaporating gungwa nemvura lagoons uye madhamu. Zvisinei, unorema riri iiswe mumakungwa vasina ruzivo chinhu ndichibvunza kuomesa. Inotungamirwa vakawanda reraimu yakatanga nekupatsanurwa zvipenyu kubva mvura mugungwa kuvaka karusiyamu carbonate anoshongwa uye marangwanda. Heano dzasara zvipenyu akafa akawanda uchingounganidza nemuGungwa. The kupfuura unoshamisa muenzaniso kudzosa uye kuunganidza calcium carbonate vari nekorari kumboongororwa. Saka, mune zvimwe zviitiko, musi yokumbozorora reraimu nomumwe anoshongwa zvinogona kuonekwa. Achifuridzirwa dzomugungwa uye matambudziko nemafungu uye egungwa the reef kumbozorora. Uye pamusoro pegungwa kuti wedzera masarasara reraimu karusiyamu carbonate, izvo precipitates kubva nomuti mvura kwavari. Uyewo mune dzidzo vaduku reraimu matombo zvinobatanidzwa calcium, izvo zvinobva wakaparadzwa matombo yekare.

mhando

Kune mhando reraimu zhinji. Coquina akadana sumbu anoshongwa vavo zvimedu, atadze mune wouchi inotungamirwa. In Kana apo goko ane vashomashoma saizi, akaumba munyoro, zvakasiyana-siyana akabatanidza, kuzodza dzakarukwa zvakanaka makariita reraimu - choko. dombo Oolitic ine duku, pamusoro ukuru mazai hove atadze balls. Chinoumba neimwe inogona hunomiririrwa zveMagwaro goko, chero zviyo jecha kana zvimwe wokumwe zvinhu PARTICIPLE. In Kana apo marozari akakura, akadai pizi, dzinonzi pizolitami uye erudzi ukuwo, pizolitovym reraimu. Chimwe musiyano iri travertine - riri kuumbwa pamusoro pemvura panguva kunayisa pamusoro calcite kana aragonite carbonic kunonwa mvura. Kana deposits izvi zvikuru porous substrate (chipanje), inonzi tuff. Unconsolidated musanganiswa nevhu uye calcium yakawanda carbonate kunzi marl.

Mukuwedzera, reraimu anogona siyana uye mavara. Basic ruvara - chena. Asi kunogonawo tsvuku, chiedza tsvukuruka, chiedza kuchena, kanenge - zvishoma pinkish. White-blue uye dombo chena-yellow vanonzi chinokosha.

reraimu fomura

Sezvambotaurwa, zvinhu izvi zvakasikwa rinoumbwa kuitwa zvinhu zvakadai sekuimba calcite kana calcite zvakasara marangwanda uye anoshongwa, kashoma kuti aragonite. Saka reraimu fomura achava sezvinotevera: CaCO _3. Zvisinei, vakachena erudzi zvikuru chisingawanzowaniki, mune zvimwe zviitiko izvozvo zvinosanganisira netsvina siyana Goldstone, ivhu zvicherwa, dolomite, gypsum, pyrite uye, chokwadi, makemikari residues. Saka, dolomitic reraimu (Formula erudzi urwu zvinosanganisira MgO) unotora kubva mana namanomwe muzana magnesium oxide, vazoedemz - kusvika 21 muzana acidic oxides (Sio ₂ + R ₂ O _3). The sezvamunoita zvingasanganisira carbonate dolomite CaMg (CO _{3) 2,} FeCO _3, MnCO _3, uye, mune zviduku uwandu - oxides, sulfides uye hydroxides pamusoro Fe, Ca ₃ (PO _{4) 2,} CaSO _4.

Yematombo: Properties uye Applications

Zvisinei Physico-zvemaziso ehupfumi yamatombo vari zvikuru heterogeneous,, kuvimba zvakananga pamusoro wayo unaku nechivako. Vokusekondari kufunga ehupfumi kuti reraimu (Grade 4) kubva panzvimbo yawo nechitarisiko chavo. Vari kudzidza anotevera parameters: ruvara, arambe achirema, simba, mamiriro, solubility. Tinoenda zvishoma mberi uye funga hukuru kudzika pasi ehupfumi zvicherwa. Yematombo ane arambe achirema iri kuwanda 2700-2900 makirogiramu / m ^3. kusiyana-siyana Izvi imhaka chitsama nouipi raiva Goldstone, dolomite nezvimwe zvicherwa. Bulk arambe achirema kuchinja munhu yakakura siyana. Saka, travertine uye goko ndiko makirogiramu 800 chete / m ^3, ukuwo crystalline dombo rinosvika 2800 makirogiramu / m ^3. Uchifunga ehupfumi pamusoro reraimu, kunofanira kurangarirwa kuti simba compressive wamatombo kunoenderana ayo hombe arambe achirema. Saka goko achazunungusa ndiko chete 0,4 MPa, uye panguva afanitov kusvika 300 MPa. The pamusoro Unhu kutsunga erudzi uye kushandisa izvi zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, paivakwa zvakawanda tsindirana reraimu zvaishandiswa masonry masvingo uye porous zvakanaka lining uye nokusika decoration ensembles.

Zvinoitwa okunze

Zvichienderana mwando nenhanho reraimu zvivako hungasiyana. Izvi kunonyanya zvinokanganisa simba raro - zviri chaizvo wakaderedzwa kana ibwe nyoro. Uyezve, vakawanda deposits ane yakavhenganiswa erudzi. Panguva iyi unofanira kubhadhara vainyatsotarisirwa, nokuda inhomogeneous zvinhu achizosiyana kuti arambe achirema, izvo zvinozoita kungaita kuti kuparadza. Ongorora ehupfumi ose reraimu havafaniri kuchengetwa, uye parameters akadai chando nemishonga: ichi chinobata zvikuru zvicherwa simba uye nguva yekushandiswa kwayo. Saka, crystalline limestones chando ndiyo 300-400 zvinogara. Zvisinei, nhamba iyi yekudyidzana kuderedzwa pamberi makatsemuka uye pores ari acho. Saka, zvose zviri pamusoro ehupfumi ose reraimu zvakafanira kufunga kushandisa ichi rwokuzvarwa zvinhu, kuitira kudzivirira kuparadza kwayo.

Yematombo pakuvaka

Kuvaka indasitiri chikuru mutengi kuti chicherwa mari pamberi pedu. Dolomitic (dombo) reraimu rinoshandiswa kuti kugadzirwa putty uye varinamire wemisanganiswa, sealants uye nezvimwewo. White reraimu akawanda akashandiswa Kupedzwa uye kushongedzwa zvivako. Coquina runowanzotaurwa kuwanikwa sezvokuvakisa, uye zvichingodaro. D. Hatidi kufunga indasitiri iyi, uye saka aizivikanwa zvose. Uye saka enda mberi.

Yematombo yazvino maindasitiri kugadzirwa

Zvakaratidza kuti zvinhu izvi zvakasikwa rinoshandiswa pagadzirwe pendi, rubbers uye mapurasitiki. A ndakanatswa nouipi kukuvadza muviri, rinoshandiswa kunyange zvokudya indasitiri. Kugadzirwa girazi hazvibviri pasina reraimu, nokuti ndimo calcium. erudzi urwu wava hunokosha, uye Chikurukuru - inokwanisika pakuderedza yokuti pagadzirwe mapepa. Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva isu tinogara kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvakadai nyere, linoleum, Tile, usina kukonekita, etc .., uye akanga asingazivi kuti izvi zvinhu zvose vari kuuyawo reraimu. Kunyange kugadzirwa mapurasitiki (PP, PVC, krempleny, lavsan, etc.) havagoni kuita pasina mbishi zvinhu izvi. The inks vaishandisa karusiyamu carbonate sechinhu coloring ruvara. Sezvaunogona kuona, mashoko aya ane aitungamirira chinzvimbo mune zvinenge zvose maindasitiri.

mushonga indasitiri

Kunyange zvinhu zvakadai shangu Polish, mushonga wemazino, scouring upfu, uye zvichingodaro., Izvo tinoshandisa zuva nezuva, zvinobviswa reraimu. mbishi izvi zvakashandiswa iri kugadzirwa mishonga inoshandiswa kudzivirira zvakatipoteredza kusvibiswa siyana. Pachishandiswa zvataurwa, tinogona zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti chinozivikanwa uye nyore zvinhu zviri reraimu, ndiyo chinhu chinokosha yebudiriro ano.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

A mupiro zvikuru kukura ibwe kuvesa akaita vanhu South uye Central America. Olmecs, vaAztec, Mayans vakaita zvinokosha mberi vachikwanisa kubereka chalcedony, obsidian nesilicon simbi, achicheka maturusi nezvimwe zvemumba. Saka, rinopfungaira nembambo, graters, mumaturi uye naizvozvo kusika basalt, sandstone uye reraimu. Ngoma uye anotema zvokushandisa zvakagadzirwa diorite, nejedhi, nejedhi uye nezvimwewo. Zvikurukuru ibwe kubudiswa centre ndiro guta vaMaya - The fineness uye Nebaj.