Rinonyanya kukoshesa chii pokudengenyeka? Zvinokonzera anokonzerwa kwenyika

Aratidza somugumisiro vamwe pezvakaitwa mu goko paNyika pane Zvisinei kunoparadza chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine, sayenzi yemazuva,, kuponesa vanhu kubva chibayiro maturo.

On a upfu keg

Kudengenyeka vagara vanhu mananara unexplored uye kuchirwadza, uye kwesayenzi mberi, ari computerization kwesayenzi uye vakazvipira paper kwemasvomhu yokutevedzera Zvisinei, uye akabatsira kunzwisisa kwemasayendisiti zvichiitika goko paNyika, asi kwete zvakakwana kwakavatadzisa kana zvinenge kurerutsa, migumisiro yazvo. Pashure pezvose, kana kwokutanga Zvaidavirwa kuti chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine zvingaitika chete mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika - panguva panosangana tectonic ndiro , kana munzvimbo dzakakwirira kuputika basa, ivo kakawanda vakanga akanyorwa apo vaifanira kumirira mudukusa mumakore achangopfuura.

Panguva dzakasiyana vakanzwa vanhu Yakutia, Odessa uye Moscow, somugumisiro kwenyika zvine tsunami kazhinji vakatambura maguta uye nzvimbo dziri kure anoverengeka makumi ezviuru makiromita kubva kwacho.

Rakatanga chinonakidza

mhinduro A yakajeka yokuti chii pfungwa pokudengenyeka, kusvikira nhasi hakuwaniki - masayendisiti regai vanoomerera rwakafanana dudziro pfungwa iyi. Kazhinji, chinorehwa chaiyo nzvimbo paruware, riri chinhambwe kubva pasi pamusoro, apo nokuda vaunganidza voltage kuitika siyana tectonic inochinja uye deformation. Vanopa pave zvizivikanwe nemichina mafungu kuti kupararira kwose kwose, uye richisvika panyika, kuti kuparadzwa kwaro uye kukonzera vanotambura.

vakawanda vanofunga zvisizvo

The pachoto uye kwacho pokudengenyeka, zvichipesana pfungwa, yakaumbwa nokuda kusaita zvinhu nomazvo zvenhau - pfungwa havasi anoreva zvakafanana. Asi vanhu vazhinji havagoni kunzwisisa chii musiyano iri. Kana chokuti ichi kudengenyeka bhuku, rinoreva mumwe nzvimbo iri pakadzika pasi goko kana yokumusoro nguo, kuti kwacho mune zvesayenzi mupfungwa ndiyo pfungwa, unova fungidziro ari hypocenter pamusoro pechiso. Uye kwete kuti akanzwa yakasimba chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine.

Pane zvikonzero iro zvakakura kukuvara kunogona kuva munzvimbo dziri rebei kure kubva kwacho. Izvi Somuenzaniso, inhomogeneity dzenyika nechepasi, zvakananga Kunochinja kuparadzira uye hunhu remafungu pachavo.

Rules uye anosiyiwa

Vakawanda yakanyorwa zvakaramba zvinobva mukati goko kumiganhu pasi, kureva panguva chinhambwe asingapfuuri 50-60 makiromita kubva pepasi. Zvisinei, nhoroondo ine anozivikanwa zviitiko apo kudzama pfungwa kwenyika yakanga 500 makiromita kana kupfuura, asi dzinongoitika dzoga dzakanga panguva zvaioneka, uye migumisiro yazvo - nemafashamo (zvikurukuru, kudengenyeka kwenyika yeGungwa Okhotsk muna May 2013).

Most zvinoparadza, sezvinoita mutemo, muri chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine kuitika panguva diki kudzika sezvo ivo pamwe kwete chete nokuda zvizivikanwe nemichina, asi havaratidzi kunzwisisa uye pamusoro mafungu.

Nzvimbo iyo zvose kunotanga

Kutaura kuti ichi pachoto kudengenyeka kwenyika, nyanzvi aifunga imwe mari nedombo, asi muitiro kutamira kana kutyora goko anotanga kusunungura pakaitwa simba haasi munzvimbo dzakawanda panguva imwe chete, uye mune imwe zvikuru imwe pfungwa. Ndiyo pakati kudengenyeka panobva - nzvimbo mafungu kunotangira, wakanyorwa seismologists akazotevera.

Sei kuona kudengenyeka?

Kuti aite izvi, pane seismographs, midziyo, achibatsirwa wavo, vakavharirwa mafungu. Aongorora zvose tsika, nyanzvi angamuudza apo kudengenyeka ichava, chii isimba zvakaramba vouta. Seismologists vanonyevera vanhu pamusoro ichi, kuderedza migumisiro nedambudziko kushoma uye kudzivirira vanotambura, kunyange yakawanda kuziva zvakarurama kukuru zvakaoma chaizvo. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kuzviita nenguva nenzira hazvibviri nguva dzose.

Vanhu vakaona kuti mhuka uyewo sei kuti kuuya kwenyika. Somuenzaniso, huku, imbwa, nguruve, makonzo anotanga kufamba restlessly mashomanana maawa pamberi zvakaramba. Naizvozvo, vanhu vomumusha anoshandiswa kuchengeta maitiro avo.

Guesswork

Kana zvakadaro, chii chiri chinangwa pokudengenyeka, sainzi asarudza, ipapo kushandisa ruzivo pamusoro yezvakaita chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine iri tsika, nyaya iri zvikuru kuoma mamiriro ezvinhu. History anoziva nyaya dzakawanda apo masayendisiti akakwanisa kufungidzira nzvimbo uye musi rinotevera dambudziko, asi kunyange XXI remakore, kuvimba uprofita yakavakirwa zvakawanika uye yokutevedzera, hakusi zvakakodzera.

Somuenzaniso, imwe monstrous kwenyika kuSoutheast Asia, izvo kwakauraya upenyu vanenge zviuru 250-300 vanhu, uye akava mumwe wevatatu simba kupfuura munhau dzemazuva ano, kwave chakavanzika zvizere seismologists. Uyewo kwaita pokudengenyeka tsunami, somugumisiro Japan kwenyika 2011.