Rokutanga uye rechipiri nzendo Batu Rus

Munhoroondo ose pachava nenguva refu kubudirira uye nguva kuderera. In Russia yakanga zvakafanana. Kuparidzira yendarama zera pasi Vladimir Mukuru, Yaroslav akachenjera Vladimir Monomakh, nyika iri yakazoona yanyura mumadhaka internecine hondo nokuti chigaro Kiev. paiva machinda akawanda, asi zvoushe vachiri zvishoma. Kuti vanakomana nevazukuru vakarwa pakati pavo, nehama dzavo uye vanasekuru, uye hurumende ichava chete kurasikirwa. Hazvishamisi Batu nzendo kuRussia, iyo akawira chete panguva iyoyo, yakanga ibudirire zvakadaro. Hapana chete kubatana pakati ukuru, asi vanoda kubatsira mumwe. Cities vakashaisa: masvingo havana mumamiriro ezvinhu akanyatsonaka, mari husisipo, uye nyanzvi masoja-pemauto haana kukwana. Kuti aifanira kudzivirira misha yavo zvavo vagari, avo vasina rakaitirwa mumaoko chombo, uye zivo zvechiuto uye nzira ivo kungorega vasina.

Other zvikonzero pokukundwa Russia

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti paiva nezvimwe zvikonzero pokukundwa Russia. Batu nzendo kuRussia kumbobvira chinozoiswa nomuzvarirwo, vakanga kunyatsogadzirira uye vakafunga panze. Kubvira pamazuva Genghis Khan, mukuru kunozivikanwa mutungamiri dzakadzika Asia, kuti vasori akaudza kuti Russian hugota nevapfumi kwazvo, uye achatora navo zvikuru nyore. Somunhu ushori mune simba inowanzopiwa vaiona mushandirapamwe kuti yakaguma Battle of Kalka River. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Mongol-wechiTatar hondo yakanga yakasimba kwazvo, uye dare nechirango chero murayiro mukuru uye kuteerera pave nokubudirira. Uyezve, anokunda China, iri Horde vava advance michina zvechiuto uye midziyo kukombwa, yakanga handivo panguva.

Mongolian kubvuta (pfupi)

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kwaiva kwenguva mbiri Mongol nechisimba. The chirongwa chokutanga Batu kuRussia kubvira 1237 ne 1238. Panguva Horde ake akakunda Ryazan uye Vladimir-Suzdal kwavabati akatendeukira kuna Novgorod, asi haana kusvika iye, uye vakadzokera. Vasati kuti vakabata ari Volga Bulgaria. The chirongwa chechipiri Batu musi Russia rinogona muchidimbu sezvinotevera: nokuti nguva makore 1239-1240 akabata Kiev, Vladimir-Volyn weutungamiriri uye akaenda kuEurope. Zvisinei, Mongol-Tatars kutarisira zvakawanda anokurumidza Unobata, asi kuramba munhu anotyisa. Wakarasikirwa yakawanda nesimba, Khan vakasagona kusvika rokupedzisira Gungwa Western sezvo aida kare, saka ndikadzoka.

Kukunda Northern Russia. kutora Ryazan

The chirongwa chokutanga Batu kuRussia akanga akaita bhaudhi kubva rwebhuruu. Chokwadi, militiamen Russian akarangarira kurwisana Kalka, ziva kuti eMongolia - a anokumhan'arira ngozi, asi ivo vaitarisira kuti Zvinomukunda kana angatsunga kuuya kwavari. Genghis Khan afa akasunda kutanga guru pokurwa asi akaita kuti zvibvire kuti kuwedzera simba. Vanakomana mukuru akakunda North China, Volga Bulgaria, asapinda muchiuto Polovtsian (Kipchaks). Muna December 1237 mhirizhonga, nokuputsa Volga, akasvika pedyo chaizvo pamuganhu Ryazan weutungamiriri. Batu akabvunza kukunda uye mutero, asi akagamuchira unopinza mhinduro. Ryazan akakumbira rubatsiro kubva mamwe machinda Russian, asi hamuna kurigamuchira. Mushure memazuva mashanu kunotyisa yakakombwa guru vakawira, uye rakaparadzwa pasi. The zvinoitirwa yaakavingwa yacho Ryazan nyika.

Busting Vladimir kwavabati. Battle of Sit River

Asi chirongwa pamusoro Batu Khan kuna Russia mberi. Army vakafora pamusoro Vladimir hugota. Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich akatuma kukupfura pamusoro Kolomna, apo iye akafa. Pashure pokuwa Kolomna, Moscow, guta guru Vladimir. Pakutanga 1238 echiShinto vakaungana machinda pakupedzisira akakundwa musi Sit rwizi. Uyezve chisimba kurwisa kuti eMongolia akapa Torzhok uyo yaaigara mavhiki maviri, uye Kozelsk, uyo akatora pashure okukomba yacho-vhiki nomwe. Achityira kuti nokukurumidza vanotanga itye kuchando, Khan akarayira kuti vadzoke asati asvika masvingo Novgorod chete zana mamaira. Kunyange zvazvo, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa, vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga kuti vapfumi Novgorod akatenga kure nokuda eMongolia, saka haana kutorwa. Uye pane shanduro Batu Khan uye Alexander Nevsky - mumwe chete munhu. Uye nekuti rakanga riri guta Novgorod, hazvina vaiparadze.

Chero zvakanga, asi munguva ino chirongwa chekutanga Batu Khan kuna Russia hwakapera. Horde vakadzokera shure kune Polovtsian nyika kunanzva maronda avo uye kuunganidza simba kuti kurwiswa itsva.

Wechipiri Mongol kubvuta

Muchirimo 1239 akatanga danidziro Batu kumaodzanyemba Russia. Muna March, asi eMongolia rwaakatora Pereyaslavl, muna October - muguta chernihiv. Shure kwake, muna 1240 Horde akakomberedza Kiev, guta guru reRussia, guta guru rayo. Ipapo Baty yakatamira West, iyo vatora Galicia-Volyn kweutongi, yakarwisa Poland uye Hungary, vakasvika nemahombekombe muGungwa reAdriya. Zvichida wechipiri pamushandirapamwe Batu kuRussia ichi asingadi vapedza, asi mashoko akasvika rufu Kagan. Achida kubatanidzwa muna Kurultai, iyo aifanira kusarudza mutungamiri mutsva eMongolia, muzukuru Genghis Khan kwakaita kudzokera inowanzorimwa. Unganidzai simba zvakare chakadaro pamwero mukuru pokurwa mhirizhonga kare kwakakundikana. Saka Europe dzinoramba isina kumbobatwa, Russia yava uneshongedzo wakaomarara ichivhuvhuta, uye zvikuru kusakara muvengi.

kutora Kiev

Batu kudii kuRussia haagoni kurondedzerwa zvishoma. guta rimwe nerimwe mambodzivisa zvakanakisisa zvaaigona, asi mauto akanga dzisakarurama. In zvemadzimambo rinotsanangura umhare kurambwa Russian, uyo akarwa rokupedzisira donhwe ropa. Heano mazano kutaura pamusoro kutora-domed goridhe Kiev yekare zvinyorwa.

Panguva iyoyo guta muridzi Daniilu Galitskomu, asi muchinda akanga asiri mauri. Warriors akarayira Voevoda Dmitry. Senguva dzose, Batu akabvunza kukunda uye mutero, achivimbisa kuti mundikangamwirewo nevanozvitsigira zvose, asi Kiev akaramba akarwa musana vanopinda nechisimba. Achishandisa simba namakondobwe, ivo eMongolia vakapinda muguta, richitunga kumativi vanhu. Recent vanyatsowana vaungana Detinets, dzichiisa rusvingo itsva mupomerwi. Asi mutsetse akabatwa. Kiev Vagari vakaungana Chechi Zvegumi, idzo dzakaparara, kuva dombo repaguva nokuda Patriots. padikidiki gavhuna mupenyu akuvadzwa, zvakakonzera Khan uye Batu akaregererwa naye heroism ake. Nyasha ichi chaishandiswa chaizvo kubva pamazuva eMongolia pakati Genghis Khan. Gare gare, Dmitry akatora chikamu mune danidziro kuti vazhinji kuna Europe.

migumisiro danidziro

Batu nzendo kuRussia, zvose rokutanga uye rechipiri, vakauya mameseji nyika ino. Kweutongi zvakaparadzwa, kupiswa, vanhu vakauraya kana zvakabiwa muutapwa. Maguta, izvo vanosvika 74, 49 dzakaparadzwa. Gumi vavo havana kugona kuongorora panze uye kuupenyu. Munguva nechisimba ruzivo, saka, akarega kuvaka ibwe vakarasika, kugadzirwa glassware uye hwindo girazi, cloisonne enamel. Kuuraya vakawanda machinda uye mutongo vepamusoro, vigilantes, zvakawedzera simba vasiri ropafadzo zvikamu vanhu. In Russia akatanga zvoupfumi kuchembera, zvetsika nemagariro nezvematongerwe kudzikisirana, izvo kwemakore akawanda.

Mysteries nhoroondo

Asi pane imwe maonero kare, mumwe tinyatsonzwisisa zviitiko. Chokwadi, achienda Russia Batu hapana chakanaka haana kuuya. Zvisinei, vaongorori vakawanda vanodavira kuti eMongolia vaisanyanya kwazvo sezvo vanorondedzerwa venhoroondo. Chokwadi, ndivo vana nguva yake, uye saka dzakamanikidzwa kurwa vapone nenzira zvavaiva nazvo. Zvinombokunetsa uwandu nechisimba. Kana Baty nemamwe machinda akatungamirira multimillion mauto, mabhiza vaisambondipa zvokudya zvakakwana. Mystery ndechokuti sei mumataundi maduku (Kolomna, Torzhok Kozelsk) vakakwanisa kuramba refu kukombwa, apo guta guru weutungamiriri namadziro ayo makuru akanga atora mazuva mashoma. Uye nei muArabhu kubva kumabvazuva zvinodiwa nemisha diki izvi kuti havana zvine urongwa kukosha? Nei eMongolia kukabviswa Novgorod, kupfuma izvo ngano? Wadii kuenda Smolensk? Anotya? Asi havana vanotya! Asi mibvunzo iyi inoramba isina kupindurwa saka kure.