Sayan nokukwirira kumakomo. The yakakwirira Mountains Sayan

Zvichida, vazhinji vafambi ano kanenge kamwe muupenyu nezvazvo pane kukwirira Mountains Sayan. Nei vangafarira? Kazhinji, pane zvinopfuura chimwe tsananguro, chinonyanya kukosha zvinogona kunzi kwomuzvarirwo kuziva uye chido irrepressible kushanyira rokumusoro zvose zvinobvira pfungwa, kana kwete nyika yose, nyika yedu sezvo kushoma.

Nyaya ino ndehwokuti kukuudza pamusoro ichi chinoshamisa nenzvimbo nzvimbo munyika, sezvo Mountains Sayan. The Reader vachadzidza zvakawanda anobatsira mashoko pamusoro chikamu ichi yedu kutaura nyika huru.

Vhuṱanzi

Sayan Mountains photo, iyo inogona kuwanikwa chero nhungamiro pamusoro Russian Federation kumatunhu, rinoumbwa maviri nokupiringidza gomo enyika dziri kumaodzanyemba kuSiberia mukati Irkutsk Region, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Republic of Tyva, Khakassia uye Buryatia, uyewo kuchamhembe kumatunhu kuMongolia inoganhurana Republic of vokuTuva uye Buryatia.

Makomo vanokamurwa munharaunda yakakura kupinda Western uye Eastern Sayan, imwe neimwe ine nhamba yakasiyana zvinhu zvaro.

Somuenzaniso, kumadokero chikamu dzichienderana uye akataurawo anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri pasina glaciations, riri pakati intermountain bheseni. Nokuti kumabvazuva chikamu Mid-kwese nenhongonya uye mazitombo echando.

Mountains Sayan zvizhinji nzizi kungova Yenisei River bheseni.

Mawere akafukidzwa makomo taiga, vakapfuura vari YOMUMAKOMO achinaya mvura. Pakati gomo hurongwa chinhu muzvizhinji kuti dzegirini dzakasiyana chimiro nokudzika. Chimwe chezvinhu wakakurumbira - Minusinsk Basin, iro rine vakawanda matongo nzvimbo. Vakawanda zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti avhareji amplitude pakati dzakakwirira Eastern Sayan ari yakasiyana imwe fanana indekisi yokumadokero anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri.

Apo zita

Masayendisiti anoti zita nzvimbo idzi dzaiva kukudzwa eponymous Turkic rudzi kuti vaigara kuSiberia, muna okumusoro kunosvika of Yenisei River uye Oka.

Sayan akazotaura akabatanidza nevamwe chikomo madzinza uye vakava rutivi Republic of vokuTuva vanhu. Boka iroro dzinza vaiva Samoyed madzinza, uye vamiririri vake akadana makomo "Kegmen", ukuwo Buryats ndakavapa kuoma kuti munhu nzeve yazvino zita - "Sardyk".

About rudzi urwu yaMakoronike dzavo akaudza Russian Cossacks Tyumenets uye Petrov, uyo akashanyira muna 1615 mune nzvimbo yechizvarirwo pamusoro Altyn Khan. Uyezve munzvimbo Russian zvinyorwa kufamba kare makomo akarongwa pasi zita Sayani, soro pfungwa izvo rawanikwa akatevera 3491 m.

edzidzo Features

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kubva Geological nemaonero, ndiko mudiki makomo, izvo, maererano masayendisiti, paiva vanenge mamiriyoni 400. Makore akapfuura.

Ivo vakaumba nematombo dzekare dziri kusanganisira kuputika mavambo. Pamberi paumbwe pegomo siyana paiva gungwa, sezvinoratidzwa mapfupa akawana zvisaririra zvemhuka algae.

Paumbwe mugomo rokuyamura chakaitika pasi pokudzora okunze. Pakati pamakomo glacial yekare zvaiyananiswa mazizaya dzisingagari zvakachinja panyika, achiumba zvakajeka nenhongonya uye mipata kumawere. Mushure achidziya ari mazizaya yakanyauka, richizadza vakawanda zvanza uye dzegirini ezvinhu zvokuyamura - pane madhamu kuti glacial mavambo.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

Vazhinji vanodavira kuti kukwirira Mountains Sayan hakusi chinokosha, uye saka haakodzeri vainyatsotarisirwa. Ngatione kana ichi chiri chokwadi, zviri nani yavo nenzvimbo zvinhu.

Kazhinji, izvi kuenderera chikomo Altaiskaya gomo hurongwa somurongi muganhu pakati China uye Russia.

Mountains ine yakafanana gomo ngetani interconnected nodes. With Altaiskaya gomo hurongwa Sayans chokuita muzongoza Shabin davan. Kuchamhembe uye kuchamhembe-kumadokero kwayo kunosvika Kaltanovsky muhomba iyo abuts ari Itemsky muhomba, izvo rinopfuurira kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero Yenisei River rechibharo. In rwezasi Kaltanovsky muhomba rinobatanidza kune mujinga mezvikomo Omaytura. Mugore easterly mirayiridzo kubva muhomba Shabin davan Sayans rakakamurwa nemaketani maviri. Northern Sayan aizivikanwa cours-Taiga uye South - Tuna-Taiga.

Kubva kuchamhembe Sayan nechokumusoro kwerwizi Sosnovka uye Kyzyn-sous unobuda gomo chaitika kupatsanura Kantegir River uye Yenisei. Uyezve, kuburikidza Yenisei ari Sayan makomo anotora ngetani dzinoverengeka kuchamhembe-mabvazuva.

Rakaisvonaka rwizi Yenisei Siberia anoenda kuburikidza gomo neeSultan ari mumitsetse, yainzi Western Sayan, pova yakatarwa pakati nezvikumbaridzo.

Kurudyi kumahombekombe Yenisey gomo uchifamba zvakanaka mune steppes Minusinsk muruwa. Bazi matunhu Sayan ndiwo mazita akasiyana. Nokunyatsotevera pedyo Yenissey Kyzyrsuksky muhomba pakusika rakamanikana ndima ine mapopoma simba rinonzi pachikumbaridzo Large. Uyezve chobudira pakati penzizi Kyzyr-Suk uye Big Dove kuti kumhenderekedzo Yenissei apo Biryusinsk dunhu iri akatura kuna kukwirira 1600 tsoka.

Kuwedzera pamatavi maviri vane Sayan gomo siyana kuti wakapatsanura rwizi uye Kazyr Kizira. Next Agul chaitika anoenda kuchamhembe uye kuchamhembe-kumadokero uye rwizi rinokamukana uye Tagul Agul.

Sei inonyanya gomo Sayan: rengano Makomo Sayan

Simba boulders, dzinenge abutting kudenga, nguva dzose kuva chinhu rakafuridzirwa uye mumwe kuremekedza pavanhu vanogara munharaunda idzi. Ndokusaka muna ngano pamusoro veko unogona kusangana ngano zhinji saka vakazvitsaurira kuna chete nyaya iyi. Ngatitore kuzivana nevamwe vavo.

Munguva dzekare, avanamwari vokudenga akatuma pasi mwanakomana wake Gesar kuzorwa zvakaipa. Mumazuva iwayo, vose vamwari uye magamba aigara mumakomo, uye chigaro Gesar rakanga riri kumusoro gomo. gamba Vekudenga kubvisa nyika nokusaruramisira uye zvikara, akaita zvakawanda zvakapembererwa. varwi vake akatendeukira ibwe uye vakatendeukira mumakomo. Zvino vanodanwa Sayan, uye-soro pavo, waiva chake choushe - Munch-Sardyk. Misoro Mountains Sayan vane mazita dzekare uye yakafukidzwa ngano. Vakawanda vavo dzakavakwa nematombo uye logs vanonzi "kutarisirwa", kana nzvimbo yokunamatira uye chibayiro kuna vanamwari.

Kazhinji, Geser - a rengano mufananidzo, anamatwe anenge marudzi ose Central Asia. The ngano rouMwari ichi rine vakawanda nhoroondo zvinogara uye vanenge 22 000 mitsetse. Kudzidza inopfuurira Epic kwemakore zana, asi pachine hapana mashoko chaiwo. Vamwe vanodavira kuti Geser ari vemungano hunhu, nepo vamwe vari pfungwa kuti yakakura iri vakazvitsaurira kuna Genghis Khan. Zvinogonekawo kuti Gesar ndiyo shanduro weRoma "Kesari" title (Caesar). Buryat Geseriade anoongorora pfungwa yokuti epics akazviratidza asati aberekwa. Asi vakawanda kuti vanodavira kuti tsika Geser inotiudza reuto mutungamiri vaigara XI-XII emakore.

Zvakavanzika uye zvakavanzika zita

Madzitateguru Tuvan ano chinhu Turkic rudzi Soyots kuti aigara kare mumakomo chokumusoro kunosvika enzizi Yenisei uye Oka. Maererano vanodzidza nezvavanhu, "Soyot" rinoreva uzhinji shoko "Saka Yeon", uye iri rudzi ichiri kunzi Naizvozvo Yeon. Gare gare shoko mutate kupinda Sayan. Marudzi akatumidza gomo "Kegmen", iro rinoreva "chipingamupinyi yokudenga". Buryats makomo aya anonzi "Sardyk", iro rinoshandurudzwa rinoreva "kwaIsakari".

Kokutanga pamusoro Mountains Sayan akaudza Russian Cossacks uye Tyumenets Petrov, uyo akashanyira muna 1615 pagungano Altyn-Khan. Sayan aiva mukundi wokutanga Commissioner Pester vachiongorora muganhu mutsetse mumakomo uye mutariri kumuganhu namatanda uye mavanga ari 1778-1780 biennium. Sayan tsvakurudzo kwakatanga XIX remakore.

Geological zvinhu

West Sayan ane akapeta chimiro uye chikamu Caledonian bhandi Paleozoic Altai-Sayan nharaunda. It pakugadzwa rwezasi-kumadokero kusvika kuchamhembe-mabvazuva muchimiro ane ellipse, izvo rakatenderedzwa zvinokanganiswa kumativi ose. The womukati Murongerwo imhaka kunzwisisa butiro-sharyazhnym mhando mamiriro.

Kana iwe anoratidza kunzwisisa uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda nyaya, sezvo kureba Mountains Sayan, tisingatauri kuti kugomo mamiriro kumadokero chikamu rakakamurwa dzakawanda tectonic zvikamu (North-Sayan, Tsentralnosayanskuyu, Boruss uye Kurtushubinskuyu). In North Sayansky bhandi zvinosanganisira volcanosedimentary sediments Vendian-yeCambrian matombo pamwe remubatanidzwa ophiolite mélange zvikamu.

For Kurtushibinskogo uye Boruss zvikamu runowanzoitika Lower Paleozoic quartzites uye diabase nevhu-siliceous shale uye ultramafic matombo. matombo aya kuva zvakaoma tectonic uye sedimentary wemisanganiswa. Tsentralnosayansky bhandi inoumbwa kuzvivako zviri volcanogenic idzodzo flyschoid Early Paleozoic girenayiti pamwe vakawanda akaturikidzana. Nokuti mapazi ichi kunoratidzwa tectonic masumbu uye kutadza kuchinja sedimentary namatombo. Zvinonzi zvakare dzimwe nguva dzoga yoga Dzhebashskuyu mapazi ane zvakawanda yekare (Riphean) mavambo riri pamwe nechekuchamhembe West Sayans. Zvinonzi hunodzorwa zvakachinjwa kuputika uye flysch deposits.

Eastern Sayan inokamukana zvichienderana nezera rayo. Kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva chikamu, yakabatana rwezasi-kumavirazuva kuSiberia papuratifomu, ndezvaiye zvikuru yekare (Precambrian) mhando, uye kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero - kumuduku (Caledonian) kutaipa. Wokutanga ine kuchinjwa Precambrian yamatombo, izvo zvinosanganisira gneisses vekare uye amphibolites. Central Derbinskoj anticline ane chimiro womuduku matombo - schist, namatema uye amphibolite. Southwest Sayans chikamu anoumbwa kuputika uye sedimentary matombo. Kuchamhembe uye kumadokero Eastern Sayan orogenic dzegirini vakaumba, zvinosanganisira kuputika clastic namatombo.

zvicherwa makomo

Kufunga muudzame yokuti urefu, Sayan haagoni achimiririrwa chete-chimedu Geological chinhu. Sei? The ndechokuti yavo nechokumabvazuva refu uye kupfuura kumadokero. Somuenzaniso, nhamba yokutanga chikamu hunopfuura wegungwa kuti 3.491 M (the yakakwirira Mountains Sayan - Munch-Sardyk), ukuwo rechipiri -. 3121 chete M Hongu, uye kureba vamabvazuva? Km 400 kupfuura kumadokero.

Zvisinei, pasinei kusiyana izvi, kukosha uye kukosha mumitsetse ichi kuti upfumi wenyika yedu rakaoma kuona. Chokwadi kuti uwandu anobatsira kwemarudzi zvichiitika sequences dzavo, zvechokwadi chaizvo.

KuWest Sayan, pane deposits esimbi, mhangura, ndarama, chrysotile asbestos, molybdenum uye tungsten ores. The chikuru fuma remigodhi chicherwa mari - simbi uye chrysotile asbestos. Iron mhangura chokuita hydrothermally metasomatic mhando chokuita gabbroides zvakawedzera basicity uye granites. Chrysotile asbestos Rinobatanidzwa ne yeCambrian ultrabasites.

Eastern Sayan Mountains, kukwirira iyo chinokurira, anozivikanwa deposits zvendarama, simbi, aruminiyamu, titanium mhangura nezvimwe zvisingawanzoitiki nesimbi, graphite, Mika, magnesite. Deposits esimbi aimiririra ferruginous quartzite, kuputika-sedimentary hematite-magnetite uye magnetite ores. Aluminum ores akauya bauxite, sillimanite uye urtite Proterozoic shales. By agroores vari yechipiri phosphates. Uyewo pano pane deposits diki kunyorerana-metasomatic phlogopite uye muscovite pegmatite. Munzvimbo Goldstone Matura akawanikwa, graphite, nejedhi, chrysotile asbestos, reraimu uye zvokuvakisa.

Western Sayan

nzvimbo iyi Anotambanudza kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kusvikira Eastern Sayan, kubva anokonzera rwizi Small Abakan kusvika panotangira nzizi Kazyr uye uda. The yakakwirira muhomba anonzi Kyzyl Taiga (3120 m) kuti chikamu Sayansky Kupatsanura muhomba.

Mountain nzvimbo runowanzoitika Zvikwenzi nomunzvimbo dzine pamwe kumawere uye yakakura ibwe placers. Mountain nhongonya kumadokero kusvika dzakakwirira anosvika 3000 m, kumabvazuva, vari pasi mamita 2000. The Rutsoka mawere akafukidzwa nemipaini uye Deciduous masango, zviri kumusoro yezwi murima coniferous taiga.

Upper tiers pagungano kukwira pamusoro mamita 2000 vari gomo taiga pamwe glacial makungwa, cirques uye moraines. On mundima Western Sayan ndiye Sayano-Shushenskaya Reserve.

Eastern Sayan Mountains

Pamusoro nzvimbo akafukidzwa haana kubvunda snows. The yakakwirira Eastern uye Sayans pachavo Sayan makomo, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, gomo-Sardyk Munch (3490 m), iyo adjoined Okinskiy rwenze. Bani chakafukidzwa pano YOMUMAKOMO Mafuro, masango Deciduous uye gomo achinaya mvura, ipapo vari dongo matombo munzvimbo. The chinokosha chakaumbwa gungano neeSultan wandei, ndicho chikuru yepamusorosoro (nhamba A chikuru) ane kukwirira 2980 m.

Topographers yepamusoro (3044 m) riri basa rechipiri pakukura yepamusoro. mazizaya Major dziri mune makuru twi. Mukuwedzera, muna Eastern Sayan Mountains pane "mupata anoputika" pamwe kungoda kuputika basa, inova kuputika rwenze. Recent dhaka choutsi aiva anenge makore 8.000 apfuura. nyika yakakurumbira "Stolby" Nature Reserve iri muna Eastern Sayan Mountains.

Chii kuona muMakomo Sayan

Tichitarisa zvose pamusoro apa, hazvishamisi kuti kukwirira Mountains Sayan chinokwezva vafambi vazhinji saka akasiyana makona pose. Munhu wese anoda sokuti chikamu chinhu chikuru uye yakakura.

Zvisinei, pano inoita kwete chete urefu, Sayan makomo yakasiyana nedzimwe taiga nharaunda pamwe glacial makungwa, mapopoma uye nzizi, nokusika nemamwe nharaunda.

Kupfuura kure uye unpopulated nzvimbo yemakomo vaiona nechepakati Sayan (Tofalariya). Pakati Western Sayan taiga zvakavanzika chaivo "Stone Town" apo mabwe kufanana dzasara nhare yekare uye nhare. Eastern Sayan anozivikanwa Shumak chicherwa matsime "mupata anoputika."

Kunyanya nharaunda yakanaka Munch-Sardyk pamwe Oka rwenze muna July, kana makomo akafukidzwa mavara nemakapeti pamusoro poppies, zvikwenzi, edelweiss, yendarama mudzi nezvimwe zvinomera. Kune mumipata zhinji, nzizi, madziva nehova, zvinowanika Elk uye musk. Nature Munch-Sardyk anenge kuzivana nomurume. Sam Ridge iri pamuganhu pakati Russia uye Mongolia, uye kushanyira nzvimbo iyi zvinokwanisika chete chete mvumo muganhu basa, zvimwe kureba Sayan makomo anogona ruchiri kukangaidza chete kubva kunze.