Sei emari Latvia

Pashure pokuwa USSR uye kuchinja kukuru mune upfumi Latvia kwenguva yakati kukurumidza kumuka mhiri bhodhi. Mumakore maviri kuzviuru - anenge mashanu manomwe muzana pagore kusvikira 2008, apo dambudziko rakatanga. Muna 1990 emari Latvia GDP akatora ramakumi mana nzvimbo munyika, uye pakazopera 2007, yaiva panzvimbo rechitatu pakati nyika dzaimbova dzeSoviet. Pamberi yaro chete Armenia uye Azerbaijan.

nhamba

Muna 2006, GDP yokudengenyeka capita aiva 12,6% uye muna 2007 - 10.3%. Muna 1992, currency wakatangwa - weLatvia Ruble, uye kubva muna 1993 zvishoma nezvishoma chakatsiva wokuLatvia Lat. kuripira uye privatization, somugumisiro mugove bhizimisi zvoupfumi munyika Latvia shoma kusvika 12% (uye nhamba yakanga 30% muna 1990 gore) yaiitwa. Nechekare muna 2008, kureva kuti European Union, Latvia rava mutungamiri kwenhamba murombo --maviri nezvitanhatu muzana yevagari akararama pasi urombo mutsetse. Pakupedzisira muna 2009, ari GDP iri wokuLatvia upfumi rava yakaipisisa mufananidzo pamusoro simba pamusoro GDP munyika.

Kazhinji, kukura kuBaltic nyika kubva muna 1992 kusvika 2007, yainzi tisaone kubudirira kuchinja kubva Kushandurwa kukura uye pakusika ano musika masangano. Asi ikozvino masayendisiti kubva Western zvoupfumi sectors vanowanzotevedzera kuona kukura ane residual nhaka Soviet - izvi kana zviri kuBaltic States yakanga kunyanya bhizimisi uye kwezvivako zvakanaka yakatanga, uyewo vaunganidza guru volumetric dzevanhu. upfumi Estonia vake, Latvia, Lithuania akamuka chete nokuda vakasara uwandu, uye chete ari mashoma okutanga. Muna 2010, Latvia kwakaita GDP akaramba kuwa asi, asi muna 2011, akasimuka mashanu nehafu muzana. Achibva Soviet Union, Latvia rava nhengo World Trade Organization, uye muna 2004 akabatana European Union. Shandisa euro pano akatanga chete muna 2014.

vatorwa tengeserana

upfumi Latvia mushure EU accession rwokuchengeta yerera napo kwekurasira. Huru zvigadzirwa ndivo mbariro simbi nesimbi, iduku anopfuura masere muzana zvachose kugadzira, zvichiteverwa zvokushandisa ane nhanhatu-muzana uye magetsi michina, zvina muzana - nematanda, nhatu nehafu - Textiles uye knitwear, Pharmaceuticals zvigadzirwa - matatu muzana, zvishoma zvishoma pane mashizha pamusoro kumativi matanda maviri nehafu muzana - huni zvigadzirwa. Aivigirwa zvigadzirwa izvi kuti yakavakidzana Russia, Lithuania uye Estonia, uyewo vamwe Germany, Sweden uye Poland. Uye pano panouya zvainoreva kupinda Latvia kubva yakakura dzakawanda.

Muna 2015, chikwereti kwokunze Bazi Economics pakati Latvia vakasvika mabhiriyoni 8,569 euros. Mumakore apfuura, izvozvo fluctuated kwazvo zvishoma. A shoma yapfuura - muna 2000 - mugove uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. weLatvia chikwereti chenyika yairema anopfuura makumi matanhatu muzana yayo GDP, uye muna 2007 ndokusvetukira zana namakumi matatu muzana munyika GDP. Muna 2009, chikwereti semutongo vanopfuura zana nemakumi masere muzana. Zvinorevei izvi? emari Latvia sei? Advantageously, somunhu kusauka.

mamiriro

Pokutanga ari sectoral nemamiriro upfumi Latvia anonakidzwa services - vanenge makumi manomwe muzana GDP, zvinoitika. Five muzana goho foresitiri uye zvokurima, uye makumi maviri nezvitanhatu kubva muzana - indasitiri. Asati 2003 (kureva pamberi kupinda EU), maindasitiri kugadzirwa mu Latvia iri kukura zvishoma kumusoro - mashanu muzana pagore, uye pasinei nokuti pave Somuenzaniso, simba renyika pachake zvinhu zviri kunyora nezvavo (Riga CHP nhamba 1 anoshandisa yomunzvimbo peat, vamwe indasitiri vanoda kupinza mbishi zvinhu).

Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira reserves pasherefu mafuta Sea reBaltic matani mamiriyoni matatu, kwete yakawandisa kuti tibudirire kugadzirwa kuti. Rivers, zvakare, nokuda kwavo sandara zvisikwa havana guru hydro mukana. Latvia chete pave mabhiriyoni 3,3 kilowatt-maawa magetsi, uye unoparadza mabhiriyoni 5.2. GES unobereka 67% kwayo, uye vamwe - kupisa chiteshi yawakashandira uchida kutenga mafuta. Electricity dzinowanzotsigi- yabva Russia uye vamwe muEstonia uye Lithuania.

Wood uye Textiles

Anenge zvose huni aivigirwa. The chikuru emakambani ari Bazi Economics pakati Latvia anoona plywood vagadziri muna Kuldiga, Daugavpils, Liepaja, Riga, uyewo mapepa vagadziri muna Ogre uye Jurmala. Vazhinji handicraft kuveza, Entrepreneurs duku zvakapararira munyika madhorobha kumaruwa. Vanoshumira kazhinji vashanyi nokuita navo zvakasiyana siyana matkamuistoja. Asi Whitehead Textile indasitiri iri zvakawanda yakatanga. It inotsigira hombe uye anozivikanwa makambani anenge makumi matanhatu, ramakagadzwa vamwe kusvika mamiriyoni matatu emadhora gore negore turnover. zvigadzirwa zvavo vanogona kukwikwidzana nokururamisira nyore chete yakafanana kuSweden, Germany uye England. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvinenge zvose nhumbi kubva Latvia dzinotengeswa kwose havasi pasi pachavo mavanga avo, uye mabhizimisi vadyidzani.

Akatarisa Whitehead Textile Kugadzirwa nokuda ekisipoti chete, vachisiya Latvia mu isingasviki nomwe muzana zvinhu zvayo. Somuenzaniso, muna 2002, akanga atengeswa kwose dzakasiyana Whitehead Textile madhora mazana matatu namakumi mashanu mamiriyoni. Sezvo nhengo EU, Latvia anomanikidzwa kupinda muzana matatu kusvika namanomwe ari imupota mabasa ari kupinzwa zvose kubva kunyika yechitatu, iyo inoshanda yakatsvuka zvinhu nokuda Whitehead Textile indasitiri. A mbishi zvinhu iri yakatengwa zvinenge zvachose, kusanganisira Semi-dzapedza zvigadzirwa - muna Uzbekistan, Belarus, Ukraine, uye kupfuura zvose - muna Russian. Somugumisiro, mashoko rapera chigadzirwa zvakawanda zvinodhura uye akamendwa nenguvo, hunokonzera Latvia. upfumi munyika kutambura zvikuru. Makwikwi yava pakugumburwa, uye kunyange kubva indasitiri, iro chagara vakabudirira, kubatsira nyika yaita zvishoma uye zvishoma.

chikafu kugadzira indasitiri

Izvi indasitiri yeSoviet agara makamutsiridzazve pano. Economy Gurukota Latvia - yakakurumbira wechesi grandmaster uye wezvematongerwo enyika Dan Reizniece-Ozola, wakaitwa vashumiri cheya muna 2016, anodavira kuti aripo kuzara yaigadzira zvokudya zvekutepfenyura vanoda ose napo kukunda. Uye, chokwadi, iwo Anonakidzwa bedzi chirimwa chimwe muna Latvia, hunokonzera akakurumbira "Riga ebharisamu." doro ichi uye nhasi ane zvakanaka yakatsiga rokutengesa, uye boka riri pamusoro nhatu mitero pakukura.

Nevamwe kuti zviipe. Makumi mashanu nevatanhatu romukaka kubudiswa miti, vasere chete ndivo kubva Veterinary Service yeEuropean vafanane advertising mishonga, iyo kupa kodzero kupinza nomukaka zvigadzirwa mu Europe. Hove hove uye kubudiswa ikawa katatu, sezvo European unhu kunoda chikuru ndiwedzere uye gadziridzo kusvika zvose Enterprises. Ndechokuti vaburitsi duku kubereka munhu oga chigadzirwa.

kurima

Land kuchinja uye privatization kwakaita kuti kuoneka zvinoderedza inokosha munda. A kudzorera wokuronga dzakawanda munyika akadzokera vanhu vasiri kufarira mabatiro dzavo kana regai hapana vane mukana uyu. nyika Arable kare vaiva makumi maviri nemanomwe kubva muzana munyika Fund mamiriro, uye ikozvino anoita shoma. Meadows uye mafuro kare inogarwa gumi muzana, uye dondo - anenge makumi mana. Zvino vagovane kugadzirwa zviyo uye matapiri yakaderera nezvikamu makumi maviri kubva muzana zvipfuwo, ukuwo, uye mukaka uye nyama zviri zvishoma, akapotsa afa sectors vairinda nheyo zvokurima muLatvia.

Livestock kunyange kusangana mudzimba zvinodiwa nhasi asingagoni. Kurima haagoni kufudza vanhu, varimi havana mari, vari kwazvo havaratidzi inopiwa ne fetiraiza uye okurima michina, uye noruzivo agribusiness navo asi diki. Uye Chikurukuru, muEurope zvose kuti inongomutsa chinenge uncompetitive.

Zvezvinotaurwa mabasa: ushanyi

Latvia akapfuma munhoroondo sezvivako. On Ndima yayo - anenge zana dzinonakidza nhare dzoushe. Riga Beach dzisina nharaunda ubvise akakurumbira chicherwa mvura (rehydrogen sulfide) uye dzokurapwa madhaka. Zvisinei, hapana zvose zvakanaka. Kare, kubva vashanyi uye rebound havana zororo Latvia. Zvino pane kwemamiriro nyanzvi European: somunhu kuzvivaraidza mapazi of Riga Beach haagoni kushandiswa nokuti zvaida renguva pamwero mabasa dzakachena-up. Uye ndokusaka nhasi anoyevedza kare uye yainakidza kwazvo campgrounds, plesieroorde uye mahombekombe vakanga vatizira uye zvikurukuru simbe.

The yose kwezvivako yakawanda yokufaranuka muLatvia hwakagadzwa munguva Soviet pakati pezana remakore rapfuura, uye saka zviri pachena kuti pasina mupiro zhinji kuita uye yakakwirira mari, asi maitiro zvichava zvakawanda dzakaora. Izvi zvinoshamisa mufananidzo: Tourism muna Latvia, imwe nyika kuti zvaiita sokuti rakagadzirirwa vashanyi, nhoroondo 2 chete muzana GDP. Apo Soviet Union pamhenderekedzo iri akashanyira gore negore nokuda anoda kusvika manomwe namazana vashanyi, ikozvino pane chaizvo maviri nguva shoma. Vanhu vanouya kuzorora kunonyanya kubva Belarus uye Russia, uye vakasvimha - kubva kuGermany uye Finland. Europe anovimbisa kubatsira ndiponesezve bhizimisi iri Latvia uye hurumende wokuLatvia nechekare ane refu chirongwa toerisme kukura, asi zvakadaro kure munyika ino pamwe yakadereresa prices muEurope.

senga

upfumi Latvia iri kuumba kusvika matatu muzana mari yavo kubva aitungamirira nemauto - dzaifanoiswa nhumbi. Mitoro kunyanya Russian. Izvi maviri namanomwe muzana zvachose Vhoriyamu kunze kwenyika nhumbi uye mabasa. Chinokurira (kusvika makumi mashanu muzana turnover) njanji chokufambisa, panzvimbo yechipiri matatu muzana - mapaipi, gumi nemana muzana yemvura uye anopa nomwe - mugwagwa senga. Makwara zvose kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira uye kubva kuchamhembe kusvikira kumaodzanyemba.

Kudeuka chiteshi nechokumabvazuva kweGungwa reBaltic - Ventspils, anogona kutora chero dare uye mubato chero mitoro. Pano kuuya kunyange kwematangi vane misha anosvika zana nemakumi maviri nezviviri matani. Throughput of chengarava - matani mamiriyoni makumi mana, ekisipoti nyika-kirasi inouraya. Riga chiteshi anogona kugadzirisa kumusoro matani mamiriyoni gumi, uye makambani Russian kuti kubudikidza mugaba chinouraya inopiwa kune makumi masere nezvishanu kubva muzana nhumbi iri kupfuura nemunyika. Mapaipi Chokwadi, uyewo Russia. Latvia ine yayo rengarava gumi midziyo, yose misha - asingasviki zviuru makumi matanhatu matani.

sei emari Latvia

Zvino tinogona kunyatsotaura chivimbo chokuti GDP iri pre-dambudziko nguva vakanga anosundwa banal kutengeswa wehurumende pfuma kune dzimwe vanoita, uyewo EU dzinopiwa uye zvikwereti pumped. Pakutanga izvi vaiva zvokutenga mabhanga: mumakore mashanu kuburikidza 2008 vakanga rakapotsa vasina kudzorwa yakapiwa vanhu Latvia, mabhiriyoni akawanda euros kuti pekugara, nyika kutenga, gadziridzo kuti zviripo dzinogarwa nzvimbo, kutenga motokari dzinodhura, materevhizheni uye washing machine. Zvikwereti vakapiwa kwemakore anosvika makumi mana pane nehafu kana maviri muzana paavhareji annum.

Saka vakatanga upenyu chikwereti. Zvino njodzi yacho dambudziko nyika iri kweeuro nzvimbo iri saka vakashaisa solvency munyika, kuti Latvia aiva mberi navamwe impoverishment vemo. achaita EU nhamba kwete kunyengedza: 38% zvevagari Latvia pashure 2012 vaiva pasi urombo mutsetse. The akagwinya vemo akamanikidzwa massively kuenda kunze kwenyika nebasa. Two muzana mugore yokuderedza uwandu vagere Latvia. Panguva "Soviet basa", izvozvo asi yakawedzera zvinoshamisa: zvakanga zvisati 1945 vanhu mamiriyoni 2,7 kusvika, uye muna 1985 - kare mamiriyoni 3,7. Kubva muna 1991 kusvika 2005, zvakanga akarasika vanenge makumi maviri muzana yevagari, uye dambudziko ra2008, izvi zviri kuwedzerwa.

Income nemitero

Kubva 2017 shoma mubayiro muna Latvia (zvakakomba, kureva asati mutero) wakaiswa pa 380 euros pamwedzi. Hazvina chaizvo. Avhareji mubayiro (pamberi mutero) - 810 euro, ari mamiriro zvivako - 828 euros, uye kubva private varidzi - 800.

Pashure mutero 828 Euro avhareji muhoro vatendeukira 611 euros. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi mufananidzo yose. Muna 2016, 177.800 vashandi vakagamuchira yekudyidzana dzakaderera mubayiro kupfuura zvishoma. Muna 2015, vashandi ava 173.400, kureva kuti vanopfuura makumi maviri muzana zvose vashandi munyika. vagari Latvia vake, maererano 2015 - 1.973.000 vanhu (sezvazvaiva Soviet nguva mamiriyoni 3.7). zvino Employable ndiye 969.200, ari urovha mwero - anenge gumi muzana.