Mitemo Gossen somumwe chinokosha zvinodavirwa muchitendero dzidziso yacho shoma muvanhu

Hermann Heinrich Gossen (1810-1858) vakagamuchira mutemo wake dhigirii uye nemakore 37 pamudyandigere uye akazvipira zvakakwana dzezvoupfumi. Ndiye muvambi rimwe chete basa, rakabudiswa muna 1854, uye mugore iroro kubviswa kutengeswa nokuda wakakwana kushaya kudiwa.

The kwaita pfungwa itsva upfumi

Nokuedza Economist French Walras uye Chirungu muzivi pfungwa Jevons bhuku, munyori asina kana mbiri kana upfumi, akawanikwa mukana muraibhurari, akanga ikazobudiswazve 1927. basa iri akanzi kutanga kwaita neitsva uye yepakutanga yokusvika kunyatsogona enyika upfumi, kunyanya kutsanangura kushanda zvinhu zvose zvaparadzwa, zvinokonzerwa vavo kudiwa. The Vanyori vanobvuma muvambi itsva pfungwa. Dzidziso iyi vakaramba zvachose dzinokosha Dzidziso pamusoro dzenhoroondo enyika upfumi, apo mukuru injini mberi, izvo zvakasimbisa kutanga kwenzanga, aiva capitalist mugadziri, uye "vanhuwo" Bourgeois enyika zvoupfumi hanya zvachose kugadzirwa uye anopa kukoshesa rinodyiwa. It zita anonyadzisira zvakanga Marx nokuti vamiririri ichi chikoro yokusvika mitemo inokosha zvoupfumi zvitungamirire mukirasi kuitwa maonero avo. Kuchinja pfungwa, nzira, kududzira, nhungamiro upfumi akanga kwaiparadza. It chakabereka tsanangudzo "chimurenga."

makodzero Gossen

Gossen akakudziridza uye zvoupfumi isimbiswe kuti dzidziso shoma utility wayo chikuru zvokudya. Chimwe chinokosha zvinodavirwa muchitendero ainzi sevateveri: murayiro Gossen. Zvinomirirwa munyori ari upfumi nyika rakawedzera zvokuti muna 1997 rakavambwa wokuva yake zita chezita ukoshi 10 000 euros. Paakavapa iye, kufanana Nobel Prize muna nemari kuti zvakawanwa ake kana kupenya dzidziso mumunda ichi, pamwe chete pakupedzisira chinangwa - kuvandudzika upenyu nzanga chero kana vanhu vose.

Zviri dzinokosha postulates

Muchidimbu mitemo Gossen inogona kutsanangurwa se. Musimboti wekutanga, kana kuparadzwa chinhu chiri kuramba munguva yakati, kukosha nerimwe inotevera mugove achawira maringe kare kushandisa. Muenzaniso zvokudya - wokupedzisira chimedu mutengo (kana zvokudya zvichange zvakakwana) ndiyo razero.

Pfupiso mutemo wechipiri sezvinotevera - yakanakisisa kugadzirwa kwokudiwa (manwiro) vakawana apo pasi yokunyanyisa inosiyana desirability ekudzidza zvinhu. Zvakare, muenzaniso zvokudya - huru dhishi uye divi dhishi anofanira kubatanidzwa mune mari yakadaro uye kuti mari yakadaro kuti vapera chakaunza tinyatsobatsirwa.

Rokutanga uye rechipiri mutemo Gossen pave pakuzadzisa zvoupfumi pfungwa, akaumba nemhaka Pricing, akatsanangura zvimwe zvokudya kumusika upfumi, vari kushandiswa masvomhu kuti capitalist zvitengeswa uye kudiwa. Pane pfungwa kuti mitemo akatsanangura isinganzwisisiki kusvikira nzvimbo iri sei rose pasina nedhaimani munokosha husina zvinodhura zvichienzaniswa anodikamwa upenyu mvura hwevanhu.

Dzidziso shoma utility

Murairo Gossen rokutanga inoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu anotevera: kana makomborero mazhinji, havana maturo. Anoti kana kudyiwa veruzhinji zvakanaka kuwedzera, nhamba utility kunowandawo, asi shoma utility kunoderedza. zvavanenge vawana All Gossen isimbiswe mathematically kushandisa algebraic Masvomhu uye zvirongwa. Naizvozvo, vamiririri chikoro wemasvomhu (political zvoupfumi) funga kuti ayo zvakananga mugadzi.

Pakutanga, mutemo Gossen akanga nzwisisika, ndiko kuti, neDare chiito akawira mukati manzwiro ose evanhu uye zvinodiwa. Zvadaro, absolutism ichi yacho yakagadziridzwa, kubva mune zvimwe zviitiko mutemo kupera utility akaunza zvachose akatarisana zvabuda. Zvakanga kwakagumisa kuti rinoshanda chete kuti pane yakamanikana yakaurungana zvakafanira nevatengi nhumbi (zvokudya iripo), uye kufadzwa haisviki pasi mutemo uyu.

Gossen pfungwa kududzira

Vamiririri akasiyana zvikoro "vanhuwo" Bourgeois zvoupfumi enyika nharo kuti mutemo Gossen anobatsira nomazvo mamaneja nechokwadi ikure indasitiri. Izvi zvinoitika sezvinotevera. Kana shoma utility hwakanaka inopiwa pamusoro vamwe, uye kuwedzera ayo kugadzirwa zvinova zvinobatsira uye zvakakodzera, musika yakazara, kukosha mukuru zvazvinombobatsira inowira toreva dzimwe mhando nhumbi, + zvinovawo zvakakodzera kuti zviitwe. Zvadaro, nokuda kwokushayiwa rokutanga zvakanakira pamisika (kubva mukurima yaro akaderedzwa) mairi pane kudiwa kwokukurumidzira. izvi zvose kunomutsa kukura maindasitiri kugadzirwa.

Uye pano achipinda simba murairo Gossen, uyo anoruramiswa masvomhu, ane mukana wokuti vanhu vanga uye dunhu, kusanganisira muenzaniso "vasingakendengi munyonga". Inoitwa maviri zvokusarudza. Wokutanga anoongorora self contained chairema zveupfumi (Kurima), akaisa enderana nevamwe. Chinangwa kuedza - kumisa kudiwa pfungwa kugadzirwa uye kudyiwa zvinhu.

Ake rinotevera nzira inopa kuti yakananga nyaya ane dzakananga mari, uye vakaisa mitengo iri chinokosha upfumi. Ndizvo limiters nhumbi zvinodyiwa muri mitengo uye chikwama. Chinangwa - kuburikidza kutongwa kuwana optimum uwandu zvikomborero zvinowanikwa pasi izvi ezvinhu, munhu anokwanisa kununura kufadze.

Followers Gossen akaisa mitemo iyi iri hwaro kukarukureta kuti kudiwa uye Pricing. Kana isu funga uchapupu ichi muenzaniso nevhiki govera imwe munhu, zvichava akaenzana shoma utility, kana iri delicacy kana chingwa pakupedzisira chikamu uwandu yakatengwa zvigadzirwa. Mutemo uyu unonzi mutemo Gossen rechipiri.

kutsoropodzwa dzidziso

The chikuru kutsoropodzwa dzidziso yakataurwa Gossen yaro dzinokosha zvinodavirwa muchitendero anosimbisa kuzviitira-idealist kusvika pakuparadzirwa uye kudyiwa zvinhu, kusanganisira avo hwaro kukura kwenzanga. Panguva iyoyowo zvachose kuteerera kugadzirwa uye ayo mumagariro chaizvo. Noruremekedzo kuti "vulgarity" ari shoma utility dzidziso Marx aiva muenzaniso utility kusarudza pakati apuro gitare. Akariwana zvisabvira kunyange wabvunza mubvunzo wakadaro mukati chikonzero.