Sforza nokukiya (Milan)

In rokuItari muguta kuMilan ndiye Sforza Castle, ane kunoshamisa kare chokuita nemateru nezvisingafadzi, kuparadza uye pedutu. Nemhaka kuitwa Italian restorers uye ezvivako nhasi munhu wose anoda kuva nomukana kuyemura tsaru shongwe uye masvingo, kufamba kuburikidza yavarwi.

Matangiro Ayakaita

Kufanana nevamwe vakawanda pazvivako, Castello Sforzesco, sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi Castle vokuItaly, akamira zvivako zvikuru yekare. Yokutanga chaizvo nhare yakavakwa pano XIV remakore mhuri Visconti, uyo vakakwanisa kwenguva refu kuti simba muMilan mumaoko avo, gare gare kukurira dzakawanda akapoteredza maguta.

Of Gian Galeatstso I Viskonti akakwanisa kuwedzera nawo kwete chete mumaguta nechepakati Italy, Siena uye Pisa, asiwo kuzotenga ivo vadyi venhaka dzavo dukedom. Zvizvarwa ake kukwanisa kubatanidza kuti Duchy pamusoro kuMilan nyika itsva. Somugumisiro hondo dzakawanda pamwe Venice mukutanga XV remakore Milan, guta-mamiriro, varasikirwa vakawanda vakakunda nenharaunda.

Pashure pokufa kwake muna 1447 wokupedzisira mumhuri Visconti - Duke Filippo Maria - vanopandukira vagari veguta akaparidza Ambrosian Republic uye namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara Castle vaivengwa vatongi.

zvokukura kuvakwa

Asi pano mamwe bhizimisi zvokuvhoterwa ichi vaiva tsvarakadenga vakaipa, uye somugumisiro remapazi nemauto Venetians Milan akarasikirwa rinokosha kwenharaunda yacho. Vagari veguta vakatanga kutsvaka mutungamiri simba uye akakoka nemauto mari Francesco Sforza, kutanga vaishanda Visconti ndokuroora mumhuri iyi. Muna 1450, ivo Milan museneti akamupa dukedom. Zvegore, Francesco Sforza akatanga kuvaka Castle muMilan, riri ndarama uye dzakaisvonaka ducal dzokugara, asi uyewo kuzvidzivirira mamiriro simba. Kuti dzika urongwa ichi takakumbirwa ne ezvivako vakakurumbira vakadai panguva sezvo Antonio Filarete, Bartolomeo Gadio, Marcoleone mambo Nogarolo, Jacopo Da Cortona nevamwe vazhinji. Vachitungamirirwa yokutanga yakavakwa ine shongwe, asi kuvaka hombe kuzvidzivirira masvingo uye zvina pamakona shongwe kuzvidzivirira ndokuisa Bartolomeo Gadio.

Muna 1446 Francesco Sforza akafa, uye kudzora Milan akava mwanakomana wake mukuru - Galeazzo Maria (Galeazzo Maria Sforza). Kana Sforza Castle anoramba kutanga uye kuita basa rokuvaka, iro Duke itsva kuMilan anonyora ezvivako uye mhizha dzinobva Florence. Pashure kupondwa Galeazzo muna 1467 wake, Bona pakati savoy, kuedza kuzvidzivirira, Anokurisa shongwe nokuti nguva Bona - Torre od Bona muna Rochetta - kupfuura yaidzivirira chikamu wenhare.

Nguva Italian Hondo

Uyo akauya simba muna 1494, Ludovico Maria Sforza anopfuurira kuvakazve Sforza Castle muMilan, uye anokumbira kuti yakanakisisa Italian vanatenzi - Bramante, uyo akazova muvambi zhinji mapurani uye decoration okunze, uye Leonardo da Vinci akashanda pamusoro masvingo uye kusika nhevedzano Pamifananidzo.

Muna 1500, panguva imwe Italian Wars pakati Empire uye France, King Louis XII mauto akapinda Milan uye akakunda Lodoviko Sfortsa. Akabviswa kuFrance, uko akafa.

Serious kuvadza Sforza Castle aiva 1521, apo musimboti shongwe Filarete rakashandiswa panguva sezvo zvombo kwaichengeterwa mabhuku, yakarohwa mheni.

Spanish nguva

The vokuSpain, uyo akabata Milan ari pakati XVI remakore, yekudyidzana upgraded yavarwi. Vakavaka masvingo akapoteredza masvingo yekare itsva ano ari muchimiro-wakananga matanhatu nyeredzi ane nzvimbo dzinenge 26 hectares. City gavhuna yakatamira Royal Palace uye riri panhare ravarwi. Mushure musengwa kukundwa mauto vaMambo Francis I pana Pavia, nemhaka yokutsigira Kesari uye Spanish King Carlos V, mhuri Sforza akadzokera simba. Duke Milan anova Francesco II.

yeAustria pakudzorwa

Pakafa muna 1534 pakati Francesco Maria Sforza II, iyo yeAustria Empire of Habsburgs yakatora mashoko Duchy pakati kuMilan uye ibasa basa remutungamiriri. Paitonga ari Austrians Sforza Castle yakashandiswa sechinhu yezvombo uye mabharaki zvechiuto. Chikamu zvivako ari munharaunda yayo yakadzorerwa kana vakavakazve. Chinonyanya kuoneka pashure pamusoro Habsburgs ndiwo pechifananidzo Yana Nepomutskogo, yakaiswa pamusoro bridgehead.

Napoleonic nguva

Pashure Napoleon Bonaparte nechisimba 1796 kuItaly, Austria, aita rugare chibvumirano muna Campo-Formio, ndaifanira kurega Lombardy. Bonaparte akasarudza Milan guta dzokugara kwenguva refu makore mashanu, kubvira 1796 kusvika 1801-ndipo. Pasinei nokunyengetera vemo vakanga vakakumbira zvakazara kuputsa yemauto Napoleon akarayira raizoitirwa basa kudzorerwa. To pokukundwa rechiFrench mauto 1814, Milan ndiro guru siyana inoti vakasikwa Napoleon muItaly.

Maererano migumisiro mugango-European musangano kuVienna, guta rose rakanyonganiswa kune yeAustria pfuma akava musimboti yoUmambo itsva Lombardy-Venetia. Muna 1848, mumazuva mashanu Milan, apo vapanduki wakarwira rusununguko kubva yeAustria occupiers, Sforza Castle Cannon vakarova muMilan. The mukumukira yakanga woutsinye, uye zvose nhengo dzayo dzakasungwa uye muhubatwa mumajeri.

Muna 1859, ivo Austrians akabva Lombardy, uye vanhu veko vari akatapwa uye sacked yemauto pashure pacho yakasiyiwa.

nhoroondo ano

Vakawanda vaigara kuMilan mukupera XIX remakore akabvunza kuparadza yemauto kuItaly, dzima kubva pachiso chenyika, uye kuvaka yaro panzvimbo chinhu zvikuru, kufanana chokugara nzvimbo vapfumi. Sezvineiwo, nhare vakasarudza kuputsa, asi nekusiyana, kudzorera. By kudzorerwa wenhare rakatanga muna 1893 murongedzeri Luca Beltrami, uyo aida recreate enhoroondo chimiro zvivako nguva Sforza utongi. Muna 1905, vakadzorerwa shongwe Filarete akanga akazaruka, uye kuno rumwe rutivi wenhare akavamba Sempione Park.

Munguva kubhomba of Second World War sei zvivako zvakawanda, kusanganisira Castello Sforzesco, kunyanya Rochetta. Pakazopera 50-ies wekupedzisira remakore, Castle akazodzorerwa akazarura nevoruzhinji.

Wokupedzisira Kuchinja chitarisiko wakakombwa aiva tsime guru munzvimbo yomukati, anozivikanwa somunhu Milanese "keke" uye yakavakwa kutsiva yekare, akatema paivakwa kuchiteshi muna 60-ies pakati XX remakore.

akitekicha

Modern Sforza Castle - zviri mativi zvakaumbwa chivako pakati unova nzvimbo delle Armi. It akapoteredzwa nemasvingo akakura uye huru gedhi yakavakwa muchimiro multi-storey mativi shongwe - Filaret, waimira sezvo kumumvuri panguva iyo Spasskaya Tower muna Moscow Kremlin. Kurudyi nekuruboshwe zvacho chisina kutsetseka kumativi shongwe - od Santo Spirito uye Dei Carmini.

Achipfuura huru pamusuo neshongwe Filarete, tinowana kuti Piazza delle Armi, uye tinogona kuona shongwe, riri pamusoro nzvimbo pasuwo Porta Giovia. To wake rworudyi ndiwo ducal makamuri, uye vakasiya - dzakavakirirwa kwazvo chikamu wenhare - Rochetta. It ane diki pemarata, uye vaviri shongwe panzvimbo varefu: Torre castellana (Castle) neshongwe Bona pamusoro savoy. Pasi pauriri ipfuma yemashoko Torre castellana, apo unogona kuona murals mupenyu Bramantino.

Inside the ducal Apartments dzinounzwa chiduku sikweya takapoteredzwa paberere, anozivikanwa nhasi se "pabiravira nzou» (pabiravira dell'Elefante), anonzi saka nekuda Pamifananidzo wemhuka.

The Castle miziyamu

Vasvika Milan akare, varipo pamepu, izvo tinoda kushanyira, unogona kuongorora nokusingaperi.

Asi zvinokosha kuti vasarudze kuti Sforza Castle: ndiko kare Monument, asi nzvimbo mamiziyamu vakawanda dzichiitika. Pakati pavo - unyanzvi maberere, Museum of Ancient Art, dzakaunganidzwa zvemimhanzi, dzakaunganidzwa Ages machira nezvimwe kuratidzira zhinji. Free pashure kuenda yemauto unogona kutenga tikiti chete kushanyira vose mamiziyamu, kana oga pamusoro mumwe nomumwe wenyu mubereko chokupfeka.