Spore mapangamuro ndiyo nzira yekusimudzira spore. Mienzaniso

Muzvisikwa, kune mabhakitiriya ane pfuma yakasiyana-siyana yekuumba spores. Izvi zvinoitika sei, chii chinopikisana, muverengi achawana nekuverenga nyaya yacho.

Kurwisana

Izvo zvipenyu, zvinoumbwa nesero rimwe, kuburikidza nekuberekwa nekupararira kunoitika. Chii chinopesana? Mukushandura, iri kudyara, kudyara, mbeu. Spores reproduce mushroom, mosses, lichens, mamwe marudzi emiti uye mabhakitiriya.

Nharo dzakasiyana. Saka, mumiti uye mushwasi vanoita basa rekubereka, asi mabhakitiriya haaiti. Spores mu mabhakitiriya anovadzivirira kubva pamigumisiro yemamiriro ezvinhu akaipa, asi kwete mabhakitiriya ose anopiwa zvinhu zvakadaro.

Chii chinopesana? Icho ichi chirwere chemashuga, makumi mashoma zvishomanana kupfuura sero rebhakitiriya pacharo, iyo inoumbwa. Kuiparadza kunogona kungoita mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kana moto.

Kubudirira kwekukakavadzana kunogona kuvhiringidzika. Izvi zvisikwa zvisingaoneki zvinogona kuramba zvakadaro kwenguva yakareba, kusvika kumakore ane chiuru. Asi, pakupinda mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, inoshandurwa, kukura nekuwanda nokukurumidza.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzebhakitiriya

Spores inogona kuumba mabhakitiriya-tsvimbo chete. Zvichienderana nehukuru hwepikisano, izvi ndezvi:

• Bacilli - iyo inonzi inonzi microorganisms, iyo yakakura iyo yakawanda kudarika upamhi hwetsvimbo pachayo. Chimiro chebhakitiriya hachichinje panguva yeporulation.
• Clostridia - spores muhupamhi hukuru pane iyo yakakosha yesero. Bhakitiriya inotanga kuvhara uye kuve yakashongedzwa.

Izvo zvinoshandiswa pakupora maitiro pakati pebhakitiriya akadaro sekocci uye convoluted hazviwanzoviki, sechinhu chisina kukodzera.

Bacill

Aya mabhakitiriya anogadzira zvinyorwa mumhando yematanda, nhamba mumagariro avo anenge mazana maviri emarudzi. Izvo zvakasiyana nezvisizvo zvisingasviki-spore-kuumba microorganisms mumasimba makuru. Pakati pemabhiriyoni kune pathogenic, zvinokuvadza hutano hwevanhu.

Izvi zvinosanganisira anthrax, iyo causative agent iyo inonzi anthracis - bhakillus inopinda nemumapapu paganda uye inosvibisa tsvina, iyo inoparadzwa zvachose. Iyo causative agent ye anthrax inenge isingagadziriswi. Haikwanise kuparadzwa nekupisa, chiedza uye makemikari. Kuvhara muviri chete.

Clostridia

Aya mabhakitiriya ndeaya emhando yezvigadzirwa zveporesi, mune mamwe mazwi ivo vanonzi vanosungirwa. Clostridia ane zviyero zvakakura uye chimiro chetsvimbo yakakotama. Ivo, mumusoro, vanogara mune zvipenyu, ivo vanofambisa uye havana kusimba. Yokutanga ine flagella.

Clostridia, ine zvipembenene, inogoverwa ne capsule-superstructure. Izvi zvinoreva kuti sero harina hukama nemamiriro ekunze, iri mune capsule.

Clostridia ine mhando dzakawanda, dzimwe dzadzo dzinokwanisa kubudisa chepfu inotyisa, yakadai seyoda yebhodinumu, iyo inokonzerwa nehupfu. Muenzaniso wepathogenic marudzi e clostridia ndiwo anokonzera mazamu e botulism, chirwere chinoputika, tetanus.

Spore formation mumabhakitiriya

Izvi zvinoshandiswa mubhakitiriya kana pasina zvokudya zvakakwana, mhepo, nzvimbo yakaomeswa, muhuwandu hwakawanda huri mukati maro zvinokonzera mishonga yemagetsi, pane kuchinja kwakakomba kwekushisa. Muchidimbu: spore maitiro ndiyo nzira inogonesa kupona kwebhakitiriya pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaipa. Icho chinonzi che spore mapangamuro ndechekuti basa remakiromita rinoderera uye kuwanda kwemagetsi ekuderedza kunoderera.

сложный процесс. Spore mapangamuro yakaoma kunzwisisa. Iyo cytoplasm inotanga kurasikirwa nemuviri, inoodza uye inounganidza mumuviri webhakitiriya. Ikoko yakafukidzirwa nehombe yakawanda mumatanda akawanda, asingakwanisi kugadzirisa matanho akasiyana-siyana, uye inotora mawonekedwe ezvitsva zvitsva zvemukati, ovoid kana chimiro chemaori, chinonzi spore. Muchikamu chakaoma che spores yakakura, kushandiswa kweDNA kunoderedzwa kusvika kuduku. Sero remadzimai rebhakitiriya rinoparadzwa, spore inorasikirwa nomukati wayo.

Chikamu chehogi muhuwandu hwehuwandu hwemakakatanwa ndiwo makumi mashanu kubva muzana. длительный процесс, для завершения которого необходимо около двадцати часов. Spore mapangamuro ndeyekutora kwenguva refu, iyo inotora anenge anenge maawa makumi maviri ekupedzisa. Kuonekwa kwesero kunogona kuramba kuchifanana kana kuchinja. Izvo zvinoenderana nehukuru hwepikisano uye iyo iripo. Kana iri pakati - ipapo cage inotaridzika semononi, chirongo kana kuti chinokera.

Spore maitiro ishanduko mumamiriro echechi, sechikamu chekupedzisira chegadziriro yakaoma. Somuenzaniso, kuumbwa kwe spores ye tetanus bacillus kunoitika pamagumo esero, semugumisiro wekuti inowana fomu mutsva zvachose uye inoita semudhakwa.

Spore mabhakitiriya anoramba asingagadziri kupisa, kuomesa, nguva refu kana nguva pfupi kuvira, kuiswa kumakemikari. Iko kune zvinomera zvinomera zvebhakitiriya nekuumbwa kweporesi. Mienzaniso yeiyo yekupedzisira: zvirwere zvakadai seanthrax, botulism, tetanus uye mamwe marudzi evhu raSarrophytic vagari, iro rinogona kuwanikwa mumuriwo.

Kuwedzera

Apo ganda repore rinopinda munharaunda yakanaka kune iyo, rinotanga kurira. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kusvikira shell yakazara zvachose. Pane imwe nguva iyo zvigunwe zvehombodo zvakabvaruka, kuburikidza nehukuru hukuru hwesero duku uye inowira mukati memamiriro ekunze.

Nenzira iyi, spore inomera mumabhakitiriya aerobic. Mabhakiteriya anonzi Anaerobic mu sporulation haarasikirwi nechokunze membrane yekunze. Nehupenyu hwekunze, kukakavara hakubatsiri, kusangana kwayo kunowanikwa nesero membrane. Kana zvinhu zvakanaka zvichibuda, michero inopinda muchitokisi kuburikidza nechivharo. Iyo spore inotanga kukura.

Mabhakitiriya uye zvigadzirwa

Spore formation mu bhakitiriya haifariri kana uchigadzira nekuchengetedza michina yega. Kana izvi zvikaitika, zvichange zvakaoma kurwisa zviduku. Kuti uparadze spores muzvokudya zvinokonzerwa nemakwenzi, somuenzaniso, chigadzirwa chacho chinofanira kuve yakasvibiswa, izvo zvichanyanya kuderedza kunaka kwayo. Kuchengetedza mukaka kwenguva yakareba, inotapira, uye izvi zvinoita kuti kurasikirwa kwezvakagadzirwa uye mavhitamini A. Cherechedza: kutonhora kwekushisa panguva yekushaya muviri kune 120 degrees.

Kana kushandiswa, kuti kuwedzere kuchengetedzwa kwezvibereko, mukaka unopisa chete kusvika kuma80-90 degrees. Izvi zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwetabhenakeri: mukaka huchikurumidza kuora, sezvinenge panguva yekudyiwa kwe spores hakufa, asi pane zvinopesana, panze yekutonhora kwemahombeksi inomera uye inotanga kuwanda nokukurumidza, nekuda kwechinhu icho chibereko chinoparadza.