St. Theodore Ushakov Biography

The ramangwana Admiral Fyodor Ushakov akaberekwa musi February 13 1745 gore. Aiva mwanakomana wechitatu Guards Musketeers - uyo aibva vanokudzwa mhuri tsaru. Baba Fedor Ignatevich Ushakov achiri muduku yakashanda, asi haana kutarisira kuita basa. Muna 1747 iye pamudyandigere pamwe chinzvimbo sajeni uye akararama yakanyarara chakayerwa upenyu diki womunda (akanga varimi vanenge 30). Future Saint Fyodor Ushakov akaberekerwa mumusha muduku Burnakovo zvaiva vake baba.

makore okutanga

Mukomana wacho mukuru Gabriel mukoma akava mukuru Dragoons, mumwe, Stepan, kwaitsigirwa kuti refutenendi chete. Fedor akafunga kubatana hwavo pamwe rengarava. Nokuti jaya chinzvimbo chake, yaiva vasinganzwisisike sarudzo. Nepo vakuru vaiona kukuomesera zvomumvura basa uye nomukurumbira. Mukuwedzera, ramangwana Saint Fyodor Ushakov haana kusiyana simbi utano uye herculean simba. Zvisinei, zvipingamupinyi Zvokunyama, akanga asina vakatya.

Akapinda kuti Marine kadheti Corps, Ushakov akatanga kudzidza Mabatirwo pfuti uye kanoni, kudzidza wengarava mapurani hwakadzama. Mumwe mudzidzi zhizha aiva tsika. On dzidziso Saint Fyodor Ushakov ramangwana wajaira warships izvi. Ainge anoshamisa vadzidzisi uye zvevapi vamazano, kusanganisira remangwana gamba pakati Hondo Chesma uye Admiral Gregory Spiridov. Muna 1764-1765 gg. Ushakov nechikepe kubva Kronstadt kuti vanotozvifarira uye kuti kuchitsuwa domsaga, uye muna 1766 akasunungurwa kubva mumuviri uye airamba ari warandi.

Nokukurumidza chakatanga imwe hondo Russian-Turkish (1768-1774 gg.). Future Saint Fyodor Ushakov kwaitsigirwa kuti refutenendi uye kugadzwa raiva kumaodzanyemba ari Azov-Don nezvikepe, akarayira Rear Admiral Aleksey Senyavin. Mukuru kufamba Pavlovsk. Wakepo Azov aifanira verevedza kuti kuyangarara mabhatiri (izvo zvakaitwa).

Hondo uye Rugare

Muna 1772, mutsvene wakarurama murwi Feodor Ushakov akava mukuru mudziyo wokutanga. Chaiva warship duku "Courier". Chikepe anorinda Strait of Kerch, Feodosia ndokushambira akananga muna Taganrog. Rinotevera gore, pasi murayiro Ushakov vaiva shestnadtsatipushechnye chikepe "Modon" uye "gungwa". Court cruised pamwe chete kubatikana Crimea eRussia uye nehondo kufukidzwa Turkish nemauto. Pashure pehondo, remangwana musande Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich akanga paakavapa pachinzvimbo chevatatu refutenendi-wavarwi uye takatamira St. Petersburg.

Mumakore runyararo mupurisa aigara guru. Muna 1780 ndipo akagadzwa wehondo dare yacht. nzvimbo iyi yakanga vakasununguka zvose zvamarudzi careerists. Zvayaiva pedyo Empress aireva kuti mukana achipinda upenyu dare, achigara mukati dzemauto St. Petersburg vanhu. Heano chete dzvene murwi Feodor Ushakov haadi kuvimbisa kuti mafaro enyika kwakadaro. Zvakare, vakapfuura zvikepe akamuvimba muchando, akakumbira mukuru nezvikepe Ivan Chernyshev kurishandura kuti aivapo rengarava.

At pamudzi Black Sea Fleet

Mumakore 35 Fedor Ushakov akava mukuru "Victor" yehondo. On chikepe ichi vari dzechikwata pamusoro Rear Admiral Yakova Suhotina akapinda pakundopambara muGungwa reMediterranean. Mukuru akanga akamirira kudzoka kwake rinotevera kuwedzera (akagamuchira chinzvimbo mukuru rwechipiri). Pasina kupambadza nguva pazororo zvakafanira kwaari, Ushakov mubasa kuidzwa ngarava itsva, zvamakadzinga kubva Reval kusvikira Kronstadt. Kokupedzisira pamberi refu kwemasikati nechikepe muGungwa reBaltic Muzhizha 1783, achibva atamira kweGungwa Dema.

Kana mutsvene wakarurama Fedor Ushakov akasangana Kherson, kwaakanga vavimbisana pakuvaka zvikepe, kurohwa kweguta pedyo idenda pachifo. Mukuru akanga mugove wake wechikwata, uye chikwata akapinza kumuisa kwake oga. Muna 1784, imwe ruzivo mutyairi akava mukuru wokutanga chinzvimbo. For vakabudirira kurwisa denda, akanga paakavapa murayiro St. Vladimir 4-fung dhigirii.

Nokukurumidza Fyodor yakatanga iri yehondo "St. Paul" uye akasvika kwaari ichangovakwa mujinga Sea Black Fleet Sevastopol. Zvichakadai, chiteshi chengarava anowana itsva piers, arsenals, dzokuchengetera, yemauto uye vatariri 'dzimba. Kana kuvaka Sevastopol pakupedzisira kupera, guta vakauya Empress Catherine II wayo taura yeAustria Emperor Joseph II. Ushakov nokuti pamabasa ake akanga vakabvuma kuti Empress, uye akagara naye patafura imwe chete.

nemiedzo mitsva

Turkish Sultan Abdul Hamid Handina kuenda yavasingazoshiviriri ichangopfuura kukunda maoko Russian (kusanganisira annexation pamusoro Crimea). Akatanga kudzokera Peninsula. Usava nguva ajairire vafambisi of Black Sea Fleet muna Sevastopol, sezvo mavambo hondo Russian-Turkish inotevera (1787-1791 gg.).

Mumwedzi wokutanga pamushandirapamwe kuti chirongwa Ushakov pamusoro "St. Paul" pamwe nezvimwe zvikepe vanoverengeka vakanga usapindwa dutu rinotyisa. Njodzi chakaitika pedyo Varna. "St. Paul" chakarasikirwa danda rechikepe uye Akakukurwa pamusoro wayo kure kumabvazuva kusvikira muvengi Abkhazian pamhenderekedzo. Asi njodzi iyi vasingagoni unsettle tenzi yakadaro unyanzvi, sezvo St. Fyodor Ushakov. Brief Biography yaiva yakakurumbira wavarindi izere nemienzaniso mabasa uye kusarudza pavari. Saka nguva ino haina kubviswa. Mukuru uye chikwata chake vakakwanisa kuisa pamusoro zvasara rechikepe uye maseiri itsva kudzoka chikepe kuna Sevastopol.

July 14, 1788 pakava nokurwa pedyo chitsuwa Fidonisi (aizivikanwawo neNyoka) - chikuru hondo wengarava rokutanga hondo. Ndakatora chikamu mairi, uye Fyodor Ushakov. Church Holy yeOrthodox yeRussia rakanga nechemberi ngarava vakarwa shure kurwisa vokuTurkey rokutanga. Black Sea Fleet vakabudirira. Strong uye yakarurama kupfura frigates zvakakanganisa ari Turkish flagship. Muvengi dzechikwata akasiya yehondo. Pashure kukundwa ichi, vokuTurkey dzisisakwanisi ukuru muGungwa Dema, uye akarasikirwa nomukana kuti kumhara pamusoro Crimean pamhenderekedzo. Nekuti mukuru mupiro kukunda panyoka Island Ushakov kuti shure Admiral.

hondo Kerch

hondo Next Fedora Ushakova (Kerch hondo wengarava) yakaitwa July 8, 1790. Panguva ino nguva iyo Admiral wemutungamiri yose dzechikwata, vanosangana muvengi wokuTurkey yokuzviparadzanisa. Muvengi akanga atirari ukuru. VokuTurkey kubva pakutanga miniti ari yakakanda munhu anotyisa moto Vanguard yeRussian dzechikwata. yakakuwandira ichi aiva chinhu kukurumidza kurwisana. Chisarudzo kwaienderana mumwe munhu uye kuti munhu akanga Rear Admiral Fyodor Ushakov. Holy Righteous Warrior vakaparadzana dukusa frigates uye vakavhara pamisara yavo, vakamhanyira kununura munhu tichidzivirira Vanguard, akarayira Brigadier Gabriel Golenkin rengarava.

Ane anofambisa shoma Ushakov akakwanisa kukwezvera chikepe pasi Turkish mutevedzeri Admiral wacho. chikepe muvengi aifanira kupfuura pakati pemitsara Russian uye kuwana pasi kupwanya gobvu moto cannons. Ipapo Ushakov, akanga ari flagship "Krisimasi", pamwechete navamwe dzechikwata vakaenda rapprochement pamwe Turkey.

Muvengi ngarava akamedura vakawa. Kubva kwokupedzisira kukundwa yavo vachaponeswa chete vakasununguka uye rapidity. hondo wengarava Kerch akaratidza noumhizha uye moto kurovedza vengarava Russian. Pashure imwe kukundwa vokuTurkey vakatanga kunetseka pamusoro vakachengeteka guta ravo Istanbul.

Tendra

Fyodor Ushakov akanga asiri kuenda kuzorora laurels edu, uye akatora sangano huru idzva mugungwa oparesheni. August 28, 1790 dzechikwata chake, iine zvikepe 36, pakarepo akarwisa Turkish rengarava (zvikepe 36) ane kupa pakati Tendra oblique uye Gadzhibeem. Zviito Rear Admiral iri pamuganhu ushingi uye chivimbo. The vokuTurkey iri kusanganiswa kuenzana zvikuru ngozi zvikepe battleships aiva 9 pamusoro kuti zvakare avapa atirari ukuru (1360 pfuti pamusoro zvishoma pamusoro 800).

Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakanga richizvitenda ushingi yeRussian rengarava akatungamirira muvengi akavavhiringidza. The vokuTurkey, pasinei kusanganiswa ukuru, vakagadzirira mumusiye, zvikepe kunge akaenda kuti rebei. Sezvaitarisirwa, shure hweOttoman rearguard, waiva munhu pangozi chaizvo chinzvimbo. Ipapo Mutevedzeri-Admiral Said Bey, akarayira dzechikwata, akasarudza kuenda kununura anononoka matare. Somugumisiro chikepe chake "Kapudanie" ne "Meleki Bahri" akanga akakomberedza. The vokuTurkey vakarwa chaizvo, asi vakakundwa. Pashure ropa iri "Christmas" akauya nokukwirira Mutungamiriri zvomusi of Empress Grigory Potemkin. On ake dzokurumbidza, Catherine II Ushakov paakavapa murayiro St. George 2 nd it dhigirii (zvinopesana netsika, iro award wakapiwa chete vatungamiri yakakwirira pamisara).

Fyodor akadzokera Sevastopol, asi kwete kwenguva refu. Muna October, varayirwa Potemkin Rear Admiral iye akatora chifukidziro Turkish rengarava kuchinja kukwasva dzechikwata, iyo aifanira kuwana Danube. Mushure basa mumuromo rwizi aifanira taramba anokosha hweOttoman nhare Kilia uye Izmail. The basa racho rakapedzwa. Zviito Ushakov kwakabatsira muchiuto kubvuta inokosha nhare muGungwa Dema nemhenderekedzo. Most anokudzwa Alexander Suvorov, uyo storming pakati Izmail uye nhasi ichaongororwa mumwe kunokonzera kuteurwa kweropa rakawanda kurwisa muchiuto munhoroondo yevanhu.

Kaliakria

Zvichakadaro, vari Istanbul, kuchinja simba. Anotsiviwa Abdul Hamid I Selim III mwoyo vabudirira Russian egungwa uye masvingo vaIshimaeri, asi havana kusarudza kuisa pasi zvombo. Somugumisiro, kuguma mushandirapamwe yakanga zvishoma yanonoka, uye hondo yokupedzisira wengarava yehondo kwakaitika July 31, 1791.

Pausiku hweOttoman rengarava pfungwa pedyo Varna, uye ipapo ndokunanga kurutivi cape (Bulgaria ano). Pakarepo akauraya Russian dzechikwata pasi murayiro Fedora Ushakova. The vokuTurkey vakashamiswa. Vamwe zvikepe zvavo haana kugadzirira kundorwa nokuda kuuya zororo kubva Ramadan. Kunyange zvakadaro, pakazosvika kuvaOttoman vakabatana vavabatsire ari chimiro Omani uye Algerian corsairs.

Kubva maminitsi hondo Ushakov rokutanga, pasina kurasikirwa duku, ndakatanga pedyo pamwe muvengi. Nokuti mufambo yawo zvikepe yabuda zvitatu pembiru. Izvi zvinonyanya kubatsira panyaya kushamisika kurwisa. The vokuTurkey, ndaziva kuti pakuonekwa Russian rengarava rakatanga kuenda akagura mabote tikaenda. Ngarava dzakawanda yakabonderana mumwe, ndokusaka nokutya uye nenyonganyonga kwakawedzera kunyange zvakawanda.

mumwe kukunda

The Turkish dzechikwata yokutanga vaiva Algerian flagship. chikepe ichi, pamwe ngarava dzakawanda vakaedza of circumnavigate kuRussia rengarava. Fyodor nguva aziva rinoshamisa muvengi. chikepe chake "Krisimasi" vakauya mberi uye akaenda kuti anosangana muvengi chikwata. Chisarudzo ichi akauya vanoshamiswa pamusoro wake uye vamwe. Maererano netsika uye sanyorwa mitemo, mukuru aifanira kugara mwoyo hurongwa rokurwa, apo nyore nzira kudzora nzira kurwa. Zvisinei, panguva yakaoma, apo mungozi kwakanga njodzi kudhumhana, Ushakov akasarudza kudhonza chivhariso pamusoro hurongwa kusimbiswa. Ake chikepe yakarurama moto pena flagship Algerian Pasha. Ngarava aifanira kudzokera shure shure.

Pashure pechinguvana yose Black Sea Fleet akaita shamwari vokuTurkey, uye mune dzinokaroparuka noushamwari kuti yokurwisa pavo. The flagship of "Krisimasi" akazviratidza pakati hweOttoman rengarava. Simba achiedza rwomudzivisi nemishonga rwakavhunika. VokuTurkey vakatora zvakare kutiza.

Zvangoitikawo, nezuva iroro, 31 July, mumwe chibvumirano yakarongwa. Fyodor Ushakov nezve nekuguma hondo August 8. Izvi akanaka Rear Admiral kubva Field Marshal Nikolai Repnin. Ndokuguma ane kiyi nhimbe Ushakov upenyu, immortalized uye akazadza wezita rake. Zviri nguva kudzokera kumusha.

Mediterranean kwidza

Panopera rinotevera Russian-Turkish hondo Fyodor Ushakov muna 1790-1792 gg. Aiva mukuru Dema Sea Fleet. Zvichakadai, mamiriro ezvinhu ari munyika mudariro akaramba nerongo. Russia zvasungwa ari muhurumende Anti-French, akataura pamusoro ngozi nokuda kuchinja monarchies vechimurenga. Izvi vatorwa Gwaro Kutama chinoitwa Catherine II. Zvisinei, muna 1796 iye akafa. mwanakomana wake Paul I mberi kosi vatorwa wokuti mai. In 1798 akagadzwa wavarwi Fedora Ushakova Mediterranean dzechikwata, uye rimwe gore akazotaura ake Admiral.

Munhimbe wavarwi iye akaratidza kwete chete sezvo kwakajeka strategist, asiwo somunhu hunoshamisa Wenyika. Akanga paku pakusikwa ndero Republic pasi protectorate kweTurkey uye Russia, aiitawo hondo nokuti kusunungurwa reIonia Islands uye Italy ne French. Holy Admiral Fyodor Ushakov akatungamirira blockade pamusoro kuGenoa uye Ancone. After Kubatsira vakabatana mu Anti-French mubatanidzwa Admiral ake dzechikwata akadzokera Sevastopol.

Recent makore uye nhaka

Muna 1802, chitsvene murwi Admiral Fyodor Ushakov akatora murayiro kuBaltic Fleet hwindimiri, ipapo akagadzwa mukuru St. Petersburg mirayiro wengarava. Pazera makore 62, mukuru pamudyandigere. Iye vakagara Tambov mudunhu, apo akatenga chiduku wemunda. Pano awana Patriotic yeHondo 1812. Tambov dunhu yaida mukuru varwi. Akasarudza Fyodor Ushakov. Holy Russian Church Orthodox, akasiya nokuda chirwere.

The Old Admiral yave akazvipira anozvininipisa upenyu hwechitendero uye rudo. Kazhinji akashanyira riri kure kuchamuka ake Sanaksar wemamonk. Admiral akafa musi October 14, 1817 mumusha wake Alekseevka munharaunda yazvino Zimbabwe Mordovia. Zvisaririra mutsvene uye wakarurama murwi Feodor Ushakov vakavigwa pamadziro wemamongi Sanaksar.

Pamwechete Admiral Nakhimov waiva wemauto yeRussian Navy chiratidzo nokubwinya. Mumaguta akawanda nokukudzwa kwake Zvivako kana migwagwa ainzi. Muna 1944, Soviet Union hwakagadzwa Ushakov menduru, uye muna 1953 kwakavakirwa Biography ake akaita firimu "Ngarava Storming ari Bastions".

Pasinei chokwadi kuti panguva yaitonga Soviet Union repressions kereke zvave kujairika, uye Sanaksar wemamonk yakavharwa, Admiral guva rwakaponeswa. Mushure Soviet Union yakaparara, uye Roc akakwanisa kupora, mubvunzo akamutswa pamusoro canonization yaiva yakakurumbira wengarava wavarwi. Kudivi rimwe, akanga yakakurumbira somunhu mukuru mukuru, uye Ukuwo, akatanga kutungamirira kuzvininipisa upenyu hwechitendero pakukwegura. Muna 2001, nemijenya yeRussian Orthodox Church somusande mutsva murwi - Fyodor Ushakov. Mutsvene, uyo zvinoera zvinochengetwa nhasi Sanaksar wemamonk, akava munhu kwete chete wengarava asiwo vezvitendero kunamata.