Sunni Islam - mumwe chikuru zvakataurwa Islam. Sunni: rondedzero, unhu uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Zvichida hapana mumwe chitendero munhau yacho haina kunzvenga mahwanda kuti zvakazoita kuti paumbwe nemiitiro matsva mukati kudzidzisa chete. Islam hakuna Kunze: zvino pane hafu gumi yayo huru nzvimbo vavapo panguva dzakasiyana uye mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana.

Muzana VII remakore maviri zvokusarudza dzidziso akatsemura Islam: Sunni uye Shia. Zvakaitika nokuda zvinopikisana iri nyaya youchangamire chinja. akasimuka Dambudziko anenge pakarepo pashure muprofita Muhammad afa, haana kusiya chinhu mirayiridzo zvibozwa ichi.

The mubvunzo simba

Muhammad anonzi wokupedzisira wevaporofita akatuma pasi vanhu makasimbisa kubatana pakati pedenga nenyika, Mwari uye murume. Kubvira mangwanani Islam, Panyanzvi simba rakanga kunova vasingasiyani kubva vezvitendero, zviviri izvi kwaidzorwa nomumwe munhu - muporofita.

Pakafa muprofita vomunharaunda vakakamukana munzvimbo dzinoverengeka, munzira dzakasiyana kusarudza mubvunzo simba hutachiwana. Shiism akapa enhaka musimboti. Sunni Islam - nharaunda iri kodzero kuvhota, kuti yakasarudzwa rechitendero uye enyika mutungamiri.

Shiism

Shiites vakasimbirira kuti hurumende inofanira kupfuura kodzero ropa, sezvo chete hama anogona kubata nyasha dzakapiwa pamusoro muprofita. iyezvino Vamiririri kusarudzwa itsva Imam Mohammed inonzi, kuturika chipikirwa chacho kudzorera kururamisira munharaunda. Maererano nengano, Muhammad akadana Shiites vanotevera munin'ina wake.

Ali Ibn Abu Talib anotonga nemakore mashanu chete uye vaisagona panguva ino kuwana kuoneka nani, sezvo simba mukuru zvakafanira kudzivirira uye vadzivirire. Zvisinei, pakati Shiite Imam Ali anofarirwa nomukurumbira kwazvo nokukudzwa vateveri mirayiridzo inowedzerwa Korani Surah kuna Muporofita Muhammad uye Imam Ali ( "zviedza zvikuru zviviri"). Mumwe Shiite tumapoka zvakananga kunamatwa Ali, gamba vazhinji zvavo dzechembere uye nziyo.

Vanotenda Shiites

Pashure kupondwa wokutanga Shiite Imam simba hwakatamisirwa vanakomana Ali mwanasikana Muhammad. dambudziko ravo akanga kuchirwadza, zvisinei, vakaisa nheyo Shiite Imams youmambo, izvo akavapo risati XII remakore.

Mupikisi pamusoro Sunni, Shia, haana simba rezvematongerwo enyika, asi midzi mune zvemweya. Pashure kunyangarika regumi namaviri Imam dzidziso yacho "Yakavigwa Imam", uyo vachadzoka panyika sezvo Kristu Orthodox.

Pari Shi'ism ndiye chitendero Iran ehurumende - nhamba vateveri anenge 90% of zvachose kwevanhu. In Iraq uye Yemen, inenge hafu yevanhu vanoomerera Shi'ism. Sezvineiwo kupesvedzera Shiites uyewo Rebhanoni.

Sunnism

Sunni Islam - iyi ndiyo nzira yechipiri kugadzirisa nyaya simba Islam. Vamiririri vesangano iri pashure pokufa Muhammad akaomerera kuti basa zvose dzomudzimu uye mabhora muupenyu zvinofanira kusimbiswa mumaoko Uma - chitendero chemunharaunda iyo elects pakati mutungamiri wayo.

Sunni ulema - aya anochengetedza pokutenda - akasiyana dzinoshingaira kuomerera kutsika, yekare akanyorwa. Saka, pamwe Korani kukuru kukosha ndiye Sunnah - yakatarwa magwaro pamusoro rokupedzisira muporofita roupenyu. Pahwaro kwemagwaro aya okutanga ulema zvakagadzira mitemo nevanhu, vachitevera zvinoreva anozunungusa zvakarurama nzira. Sunni Islam - chitendero yebhuku uye tsika kuzviisa pasi dzechitendero munharaunda.

Iye zvino, Sunni - kupfuura rakapararira mukati Islam, kufukidza vanenge 80% kuti vaMuslim zvose.

sunna

Chii Sunni, zvichava nyore kunzwisisa kana uchitarisa Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti. Sunnis - vateveri of Sunnah.

Sunnah chaizvoizvo rinoshandurwa kuti "marapiro", "mharidzo" uye anonzi chose "Sunnah mutumwa Allah." Ndicho chinyorwa rakanyorwa rine nyaya mashoko nemabasa Muhammad. Vakuru, anotsigira kuti Korani, sezvo zvinorehwa Sunnah wechokwadi - mufananidzo kutsika vanokudzwa kare. Sunni Islam - rinongova zvinotevera zvinodiwa yakatangwa magwaro ekare.

Sunnah ari airemekedzwa muna Islam, pamwe Koran, kurovedza ayo anopiwa basa rinokosha pakuita zvechitendero dzidzo. Shiites - chete vaMuslim - vanoramba simba Sunnah.

Sunni kuyerera

Nechekare muna VIII remakore, kusiyana panyaya yokutenda, akaumba misara miviri Sunni: murji'ah uye Mu'tazilites. Muzana IX remakore, kwakawedzerwawo kufamba Hanbali, izvo akasiyana kwete chete kunyatsotevedza mudzimu asiwo tsamba tsika dzechitendero. Hanbalis kuisa pachena zvezvinotaurwa bvumidzwa uye impermissible, uyewo zvakazara yaidzorwa upenyu vaMuslim. Saka kubudirira kuchena kutenda.

Akamboramba kusvikira zuva rokutongwa

Murji'ah - "otkladyvateli" - haana kusarudza mubvunzo simba, uye aida akariisa pamusangano Allah. Kusimbisa vateveri kuyerera akaita pamusoro nokutendeka kutenda muna Mwari, ndicho chiratidzo muMuslim wechokwadi. Maererano navo, muMuslim anoramba zvakafanana kunyange pashure vanoita chivi kana anochengeta kutenda yakachena Allah. Uyewo, chivi chake haisi husingaperi: kuidzikunura atambure uye kusiya gehena.

Nhambwe dzidziso yokutanga

Mutazality - Departments - akasimuka kufamba murji'ah uye vaiva vokutanga pakugadzirwa Islamic dzidziso. Unorema nevateveri vakanga vakadzidza vaMuslim.

Huru mutazality yake mubereko yakaomerera musiyano kududzirwa zvimwe zvokudya neKorani, pamusoro pezvakaita Mwari uye murume. Ivo akataura nyaya rusununguko dzevanhu uye kutemerwa.

Nokuti Mu'tazila munhu anenge aita chivi guva, zviri inogutsa ezvinhu - haasi akazvipira, asi kwete zvakaipa. Kuti ndiye mhedziso Vasila Ibn Ata, anozivikanwa mudzidzi ari VIII remakore webhaibheri, vaiona mavambo inotungamirwa Mu'tazila kufamba.

Sunnism uye Shiism: kusiyana

Musiyano mukuru pakati Shiites uye Sunnis - iri mubvunzo pamusoro kunobva simba. Wokutanga rinoshandisa simba kwaMwari osenonnogo nokusarurama ukama, wechipiri - pamusoro tsika uye munharaunda sarudzo. Nokuti Sunnis Chinonyanya zvakanyorwa Korani, iyo Sunnah, uye kumwewo dzinoverengeka. On hwaro ichi isu akagadzira inokosha Pfungwa misimboti, kuvimbika rinoreva kutevedzera kutenda kwechokwadi.

Shiites vanodavira kuti Imam nokuzadzikiswa kuburikidza kwaMwari, sezvo makatorike riri somunhu mumufananidzo Papa. Zvakakosha kuti simba iri nhaka, sezvo chete vaya ukama neropa kune wokupedzisira Muporofita Muhammad, atakure chikomborero chaMwari. Pashure kunyangarika wekupedzisira Imam simba hwakatamisirwa ulama - nyanzvi uye veshoko, uyo ave seboka mumiririri asipo Imam Shiites kufanana Kristu kutarisirwa nevaKristu.

Musiyano rinoonekawo munzvimbo kuti Shiite yokunyika uye pakunamata simba haangaparadzaniswi uye kusimbiswa mumaoko mutungamiri mumwe. Sunnis vanotsigira kuparadzana pakunamata uye enyika mabhora ose simba.

Shiites vanoramba simba rokutanga caliphs matatu - nezveshamwari Muhammad. Sunnis, Ukuwo, funga vave vatsauki vanonamata gumi imams zvisinganyanyi vanoziva muporofita. Panewo nzvimbo mutemo Islamic, maererano izvo chete mukuru mhinduro yakavimbika vanhu rwakakosha panyaya dzechitendero. Zvichienderana ichi uye Sunnis, kusarudza mutongi mukuru vomunharaunda vhoti.

Pane musiyano kunamata Shiites uye Sunnis. Paainyengetera, uye avo uye vamwe 5 kanomwe pazuva, asi nzvimbo maoko zvakasiyana. Uyewo, Shiites Somuenzaniso, pane tsika wokuzvidzora flagellation, kwete vakagamuchirwa nokuda Sunnis.

Sunnism uye Shiism nhasi - vakawanda nzira Islam. Tisingatauri anomira Sufism - kwegadziriro usingaonekwi uye zvechitendero, yakaumbwa pachishandiswa vazviomesere, renunciation upenyu hwenyika uye kunyatsotevedza mirairo yokutenda.