Tale-novel "The Sandman" (Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann): pfupiso pfupi. "Sand Man Man": the main character novels

E. Hoffmann - mumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira munguva yeGermany Romanticism. Basa rake rinonyanya kushandiswa: kune chiitiko chekunyora, akanyora mimhanzi, uye akazora. Panguva imwecheteyo, mabasa ake akasiyana mune zvepakutanga, izvo zvinoita kuti nyaya dzake dzisiyane zvakasiyana nemabasa evanhu evanhu vane rudo rwemazuva ekudzidza. Saka, munyori uyu ane nzvimbo inokosha munhoroondo yezvinyorwa zvenyika.

Muchidimbu pamusoro pemunyori

Akaberekerwa mumhuri yemweya nyanzvi uye mushure mokupera kwekudzidzira akasarudza basa rimwe chete. Zvisinei, chidzidzo uye rubatsiro rwehurumende rwakaritevera zvakanyanya kumuremedza, uye akaedza kurarama nehupenzi, asi asina kubudirira. Mamiriro ezvinhu akavandudzwa zvimwe mushure mekunge munyori agamuchira nhaka shoma. Pasinei nematambudziko, haana kurega kunyora, asi mabasa ake haana kuwana mhinduro kubva kuvatsoropodzi veGermany nevadzidzi. Panguva imwecheteyo, mabasa ake aizivikanwa mune dzimwe nyika dzeWestern Europe, muRussia, uyewo muUnited States.

Creativity

Rudo rweHoffmann rwakanyatsotsanangurwa uye rwakasiyana kubva kune rwakanyorwa nevamiririri vehutungamiri. Vazhinji vanyori vakaswedera kunzvimbo dzakaratidzwa uye vanyori zvakanyanyisa, vachikudza pfungwa yekusununguka kwakakwana. Asi Ernst Amadeus akasiya mafungiro aya, achitaura mumashoko ake ezvinyorwa zvekunyengedzera kwakakomba. Mukuwedzera, munyori akasiya maonero evanhu vehusununguko, kuisa pfungwa kune avo vanyori vevanhu vake. Nhau dzeHoffmann nhau dzinonakidza uye dzine kusanganiswa kwekutya, asi, zvisinei, havatyi zvakanyanya sekudzidzisa. Nyeredzi yemunyori ichinyanya kutaura. Munyori ari mutsara uye anonyanya kushamisika anoseka maitiro ehupenyu hwake hwemazuva ano, ayo, zvichida, mabasa ake uye haana kufarira zvikuru munyika yake. Asi munyika yedu akazivikanwa. Belinsky akamudana kuti ndiye mudetembi mukuru, uye Dostoevsky akanyanya kufarira zvisikwa zvake, uyezve, nyaya dzeHoffmann dzakaratidzwa mumabasa emunyori wenhau.

Zviratidzo

Chimwe chinhu chinowanikwa mumabasa emunyori chaiva kushamwaridzana kwakasimba kwechokwadi uye nhema. Asi iyo yekupedzisira haina kuonekwa nemunyori sechimwe chinhu kunze kwechajairika: asi zvinopesana, inoratidzika sechinhu chaiye, sechikamu chekushure kwehupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevanhu. Vanhu vake vanoratidzika sevanorarama hupenyu huviri: munyika yakajairika uye munyaya dzepfungwa. Muenzaniso wenhau dzakadaro ndeyeHoffmann's novella The Sandman. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvakakurumbira zvemabasa ake, izvo zvakazova kadhi rekunyora. Basa racho rinobva kune nhoroondo dzevanhu, asi panguva imwechete inoratidza zvinoitika zvevanyori vemazuva ano. Nhoroondo-nyaya yakanga yakakurumbira zvokuti zvinangwa zvayo zvinoshandiswa mune tsika dzakakurumbira. Chimwe chezvinyorwa zvemashoko makuru zvakapinda kunyange muhurukuro yezvaizivikanwa zveFrench opera.

Kuumbwa

Zvekuda kufarira mubvunzo wekuti Hoffmann akavaka sei nhoroondo yake mubasa iri. Chidimbu ("Sandman" munyaya iyi chinopesana nedzimwe nhau), nhamo, haisi kuratidzira zvose zvakabva pakugadzirwa kwemashoko. Uye hazvishamisi zvikuru. Munyori, sekunge asingazivi nzira yekuudza muverengi wake nyaya iyi isina kujairika, anosarudza nzira inonakidza yekutaura. Nyaya yenyaya inotanga nemakorani ehutano mukuru neshamwari yake Lothar uye mwenga waClara. Mushure mokudzorera zvinyorwa zvemashoko acho, munyori akaenda zvakananga kumugumo wechiito chacho. Izvi zvinokubvumira kuti unzwisise zviri nani unhu hwegamba, uyo akawira muupenzi uye akapedza upenyu hwake nenzira yakaipa. Mutsamba, muverengi anobva aziva nyika yakaoma uye ine nharo yakawanda yaNathaniel, uyo ari mukutambudzika kunotyisa pamusana pechirwere chemwana: husiku huri kumushungurudza, uye kunyange zvose zvinoedza nemwenga kuti amutsamise kubva pamatambudziko akaoma hazvina kubudirira. Muchikamu chechipiri chemuverengi muverengi anoona hero sezvaanobva kunze, atoziva nezvekutambudzika kwake mumweya. Asi iko zvino tinoona kuratidzwa kwavo kunotyisa, kunotungamirira kudambudziko.

String

Mumabasa akaongororwa, Hoffmann akazviratidza kuva mumwe wevatenzi vakanakisisa vepfungwa dzevanhu mumabhuku enyika. Chidimbu ("Sandman" inopesana zvinoshamisa uye kuoma kwechirongwa chacho, pasinei nekuonekwa kwakadzika kwechimiro) chetano kunofanira kutanga nekutaura kwemashoko ehama, kubva kwatinoziva mamiriro aro. Nathaniel anoudza shamwari yake nyaya inotyisa yakaitika kwaari achiri muduku. Nanny aityisa naye nenyaya yechipfuva pamusoro pejecha rinonzi rinoranga vana avo vasingadi kurara. Zviyeuchidzo zveizvi zvakanyatsobatanidzwa mumurangariro wake kuti kufunga kwemwana kwaive nenzira yakakundikana. Kupera kokupedzisira kwepfungwa yengwana yakakonzerwa mushure mechiitiko chimwe chinotyisa, chaakaona.

Mune basa iri, Hoffmann akazviratidza kuti ndiye nyanzvi yezvinotyisa zvenhema. Chidimbu ("Murume weSand" ishoko rakashata rinosuruvara) rebasa harikwanisi kuratidza huwandu hwose hwekuchiva uye kukakavara kwakakomba kwemukati wemunhu mukuru, mashoko anofanira kuverengwa zvakakwana. Asi sezvo isu tisingabatanidzi kuhuwandu hwenyaya yacho, tichatarisa nekfupi kudzokorora. Nathaniel akaona kuparara kukuru kwebaba vake, avo vakaedza imwe nyanzvi yepurofesa aishamisika aishanyira imba yavo. Mamwe manheru mukomana akaona kuti uyu mutorwa aiita sei kuedza nemaziso ake, uye mushure mokuedzwa kwababa vake vakafa nenzira yakaipa. Mwana wacho ane chokwadi chokuti purofesa imhondi, uye anopika kuti atsivire.

Kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo yacho

Mumabasa akaongororwa Hoffmann akaratidza unyanzvi hwake mukuratidza pfungwa dzepfungwa dzevanhu. Nhepfenyuro ("Murume weSand" - basa rakadzika mafilosofi, pasinei nekuvapo kwezvinhu zvinonakidza) zvenhau inoita simba nekuda kwekukurumidza kufambira mberi kwezviitiko uye panguva imwechete kuve kwechokwadi muchitarisiko chevanhu. Mutsamba inotevera, Nathaniel anotaura kuti akasangana sei nemudzidzisi asina kujairika mune fisikiti uye akatanga kudzidza naye. Ikoko akasangana nemakaniki aive akafanana nemuprofesa akauraya baba vake. Iyo hero yakanga iri kugadzirira kutsiva, asi mwenga mubhuku rekudzoka akamukurudzira kurega pfungwa dzakaipa dzingamudzinga. Pashure penguva yakati, gamba rakaratidza kuti raive rakakanganisa: iyo mechanic yakanga yakafanana nemupurofesa, uye kuti zvimwe inomufadza, hero yaakatenga kubva kwaari teresikopu iyo yatakatanga kutarisa mwanasikana wake mudzidzisi, Olympia, uyo akazova musikana akanaka kwazvo. Pasina maturo, shamwari dzaNathaniel dzakamuvimbisa kuti akanga asinganzwisisiki uye sai mechanical doll (uye yakazobuda gare gare): hero haaida kunzwa chinhu uye, nekukanganwa pamusoro pemwenga wake, akasarudza kuita Olympia chipo.

Zvimwe zviitiko

Mumwe wevaya vaipikisana zvikuru naHoffmann. Iyo "Sand Man", iyo kuongororwa kweiyo nyaya yekuongorora uku, ndiyo yekusimbisa kwakanakisisa kweizvi. Kuvhiringidza kwemavara kwebasa kunonzwika zvikuru kunyanya sezvatinoswedera ku denouement. Iyo hero yakanga isingagutsikana naClara, uyo akazova musikana ari nyore uye akatendeseka, asingazviisi pasi pekutenda mashura uye kuonekwa kwenhema. Nathaniel akaverenga nyaya dzake dzakaipa kwaari, asi haana kuzvinzwisisa, izvo zvaakatora nokuda kwekusava nehanya uye upenzi, apo Olympia yakateerera jaya racho, risina kukanganiswa nechinhu chipi nechipi. Asarudza kuita kuti ave nechipo, jaya rakasvika kumba kuna baba vake, asi kutyisa kwake kwakawana mufananidzo unotyisa: mudzidzisi ane purofesa anotyisa akavhuna chido. Kubva pane zvaakaona, Nathaniel akapenga.

Unhu hwemhare uye dhiyo

Munyori anonyanya kutaura nezvechimiro chemunhu mukuru, jaya rinonyanya kunzwisisika raisagona kubvisa kubata kwake kwehuduku. Pasinei nerudo rwaClara, musikana ari nyore uye akatendeseka, achiri kukanganiswa nekutya kwake mashura, izvo zvakamuita kuti aite chisimba. Zvinosuruvarisa, maitiro akanaka maari akaparadzwa nemweya wakaputsika, uyo kana Clara asingadi kana ushamwari hwehanzvadzi yake Lothar aigona kuporesa. Mukupedzisira, hero inodzokera kumusha uye, shure kwekuvandudza kwenguva pfupi mune hutano hwake, anopedza nguva yake nemwenga wake. Asi rimwe zuva anotarisa zvakare mu teresecope uye zvakare anoenda asina njere. Mushure mekunge apedza kuuraya Clara, anopedza upenyu hwake nekuzviuraya. Saka, nhau yakakurumbira yemunyori ndeye "Sandman". Hoffmann, uyo akadzokorora, pasinei nenhamo yose, akazova akanaka kwazvo, akapinda munyika yose mabhuku zvakanyatsoshandisika sevaki vemabasa ane ruvara rwakasiyana uye ruvara ruvara, asi nehumwe huseve hwakaratidzwa nevaverengi vakawanda nevatsoropodzi.