Mutambi wenhau Carlo Goldoni: biography uye zvisikwa

Carlo Goldoni - anozivikanwa neVenetian librettist uye mutambi wemuzana wezana remakore rechi18. Imwe yenyika dzinozivikanwa zvekare. Muchikamu chino tichataura pamusoro pehupenyu uye basa romunyori mukuru weItaly.

Carlo Goldoni: Biography

Goldoni akaberekwa musi waFebruary 25, 1707 muVenice mumhuri yechiremba. Vabereki vake vakarota nezvebasa repamutemo nekuda kwemwanakomana wavo, saka vakamanikidza mukomana kuti adzidze mutemo. Zvisinei, Carlo kubvira achiri muduku akafarira zvemitambo. Uye paakatumwa kuti adzidze uzivi pazera remakore gumi nemashanu, akatiza kubva kuvadzidzisi ndokubva atanga kushamwaridzana nekambani yemitambo. Goldoni akagara pakati pevanyori kwenguva pfupi uye mumakore mana akanga ari muchikoro muPavia. Asi kunyange pano haana kugara kwenguva yakareba, Carlo akadzingwa nekunyora satirical play apo akaseka vadzidzisi vake.

Pakuguma, nekuda kwemabasa emhuri, Carlo muna 1732 akakwanisa kuwana doctorate uye kuenda kumagweta. Zvisinei, avo vanotarisira playwright havana kushandisa nguva yakawanda uye vakapedza nguva yakawanda vachinyora. Muna 1738, mutambo weM Momolo cortesan wakabudiswa, uyo waiva kutanga kwebasa rake rinoshamisa. Zvisinei, mabasa omunyori epakutanga haana kunyanya kubudirira.

Dramurgical success

Muna 1748, Carlo Goldoni, uyo basa rake raikudzwa zvikuru nenguva ino, rakava rimwe remitambo ye playwrights yeIndaneti inonzi yakakurumbira Medebaka. Nokukurumidza munyori ane boka racho anogara muVenice, inotora Goldoni nekufara. Heano anorarama kusvika muna 1762, achienderera mberi nekuvandudza chipo chake chokunyora. Iyi nguva inonzi inobereka zvibereko kuna Carlo. Muna 1750 chete akakwanisa kugadzira makero gumi nematanhatu, pakati payo aiva akakurumbira se "Mhuri yeAntiquari", "Coffee House", "Nhema", "Babless Gossip".

Muna 1756, Carlo Goldoni akatamira kune rimwe boka revanhu uye kusvikira 1762 akanyorera makero makumi matanhatu, pakati pavo - "Innkeeper", La Villegiatura, Baruffe Chiozzote. Mazhinji emitambo panguva ino akazvipira kuratidzwa kweupenyu hweVenetian. Zvaive zvichikwanisa kuita mutori wenhau uyu nounyanzvi, uye iyi ndiyo mitambo inogona kuonekwa pachigamba.

Upenyu muParis

Pakazosvika 1762, Goldoni akaziva kuti vese veVenetian vateereri vake vakatanga kutarisa mitambo inonakidza yeGozzi. Asingadi kuona kuti kubwinya kwake kunopera sei, Carlo Goldoni anoenda kuParis. Asati abuda, akanyora imwe yemakwikwi ake akanaka kwazvo - Una della ultime sere del Carnevale. Iyi dhiyabhorosi yakava rudzi rworudzikinuro kune Venice yekuzvarwa.

MuParis, mutambi wenhau akararama kwemakore makumi matatu anotevera. MuFrance, munyori akaenderera mberi achiita basa rake raaida. Pano pakanyorwa imwe yemakwikwi akanaka emutambo we playwright Le bourru chakanaka. MuVersailles, February 6, 1793, ava nemakore 85, Goldoni akafa.

Akatova akwegura akanyora memoirs yake, iyo yakazova muenzaniso wakajeka wezvenyika uye yezvemitambo. Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake mutamberi mukuru wechirwisi akararama mukuda. Aifanira kupa zvidzidzo mumutauro weItaly, kuitira kuti aite chimwe chinhu. Pasinei nechokwadi chokuti gungano rakamuona ari penheni, munyori akafa asati atanga kuigamuchira.

Innovation naCarlo Goldoni

Mifananidzo yemifananidzo yakaratidzira playwright uye chivigiro chakazvitsaurira kune Musiki chinogona kuonekwa munyaya ino. Goldoni ndiye mutsva anonyanya kukanganisa uye anovandudza. Kwenguva yakareba, yemitambo yeItaly yaimiririrwa chete nemakwikwi emasikisi akavakirwa nekuvandudza. Pakati pezana remakore rechi18 zvakange zvisingachaperi zvachose, asi kuedza kwakagadzirwa nokuda kwekusiyana kwahwo kwakanga kusina kukwana.

Goldoni chete ndiye akakwanisa kuchinja mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Pedyo nechinangwa chake, mutambi wemutambo akanga achifamba zvishoma nezvishoma. Mutambo wake wokutanga Momolo cortesan waiva chikamu script. Uye muna 1750 Goldoni pakupedzisira akabva pamhando yekare. Zvisinei, mutambi wenhau haana kumbokanganwa zvachose pamusoro pemakwikwi ezvakanaka, naizvozvo akabva pamasikirwo anozivikanwa zvikuru uye anodiwa nemutariri weItaly: Doctor, Pantalone, Brighella, Harlequin, Colombina, zvakadaro. Zvisinei, mifananidzo iyi yakanyatsogadziriswa nemunyori, uye vanhu vavo vakashandurwa.

Kuchinja mavara emasikisi

Satire Carlo Goldoni yakanga isiri yakashata sezvinongoita comedy yemasikisi, iyo yakakanganisa vanhu. Chiremba, uyo akamborondedzerwa sewadhakwa uye chatterbox, akava murume wemhuri anoremekedzwa. Brighella, munguva yakapfuura chigamba uye chinotyisa, kuGoogleoni inoratidzika semuri we tavern kana majordomo.

Kubwinya kwemaitiro emunyori muPalaloon mask kwaiva pachena. Pamberi pacho, hero yacho yakaratidzwa sechinhu chinotyisa, chinonakidza uye chisina kunaka. Iye zvino Pantalone yakashandurwa ikazova mutengesi akaremekedzwa mutengesi, mutakuri weunhu hwakanakisisa hune hutano hweVenetian. Anova mutauri wekutonga kwenyika, anorayira vanokudzwa. Inoti vanhu vose vane kodzero imwechete.

Bourgeoisie muItaly, iyo mumakore iwayo yakapararira zvinangwa zvayo pakati pevanhu, yakawanikwa mumabasa eGoldoni semudzidzisi we rudo uye anokurudzira kurumbidza. Mutambi wenhau uyu akaparidzira pfungwa yokuti bourgeoisie yakakwirira kudarika vakakaderedzwa vakakurumbira munharaunda yezvetsika uye zvekunamata. Ichi chinangwa chekufungidzira chakaita kuti basa romunyori rive rakakurumbira pakati pevanhu.

Afterword

Nokudaro, ndiye muumbi wemutambo weClassical Italian bourgeois Dr Carlo Goldoni. Nhoroondo shomanana yemunyori, yakataurwa pamusoro apa, inopupurira kuzvipira kunoshamisa kwemunyori kumabasa ake. Pasinei nekupikisa kwemhuri, akazova playwright uye akave akakurumbira semudzidzisi. Iyo pan-European mukurumbira weGoldoni inokonzerwa nechido chake chezvechokwadi uye kuratidzwa kwechokwadi kwehupenyu, iyo muzuva rake yakanga isiri nyore. Haisi pangozi iyo Voltaire yakadana "playwright" mucheri wezvakasikwa. Goldoni anodiwa zvikuru munyika yekwavo. MuItaly, kusanganisira Venice, mutambi wemitambo akavaka zvivako zvishomanana.