Temberi dzeMoscow. IKathedral yaKristu Muponesi muMoscow. Temberi yeMatona kuMoscow

Dzimba dzeMoscow dzinoimbwa mumitembo yakawanda. Muchena-dombo, goridhe-kutonga, "Holy Russia nemwoyo, uye musoro!" - izvi zvinowanzozonzi guta guru. Temberi dzeMoscow dziri zvose moyo weRussia uye zvinhu zveguta rakasiyana. Pakati penyika yeOrthodox neRussia, inofanira kupisa "sekupisa kwemuchinjikwa wegoridhe."

Kuwanda kwezvivakwa zvechitendero

Machechi, makedheni, mahedheni eguta guru anozivikanwa pasi rose. Machechi mazhinji muMoscow ari pasi pekudzivirirwa kweUNESCO. Kune zvivako zvakawanda zvezvitendero muguta rino - temberi uye mapurisa muDhesikese yeMoscow 894. Panguva imwe chete, makamuri ekunyengetera, apo maitiro anogadziriswa - 383. Chii chiri temberi? Temberi imba yakatsaurirwa kuna Mwari, ichechi umo mitambo inoitwa, nzvimbo tsvene yaIshe. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo apo paine aritari iyo iyo Eucharist inopemberera (kuvonga, kana chinangwa chehupenyu hweChechi). Munzira yakafara, temberi ndiyo nzvimbo yekushumira kune pfungwa dzakakwirira. Kubva mazviri tinokwanisa kuwana mhedziso pamusoro pehupamhi hwechirevo chezwi rokuti "temberi".

The Symbol of Russian Faith

Temberi dzeMoscow dzinoramba dzichidzorerwa uye dzinovakwa. Ichi ndicho chidimbu che nguva. Kazhinji kereke dzinovakwa pamutengo wezvipo zvevanhu veOrthodox. Kune purogiramu ye "200 matemberi". Kuvakwa kwakasimba kwakadaro kunobatanidza nekusimudzirwa kweChechi mushure menguva yekudziviswa uye kutambudzwa uye kuparadzwa kwezvivako zvezvitendero. Muenzaniso unofadza zvikuru ndeweKathedral yaKristu Muponesi muMoscow. Yakavakwa muzana remakore rechina, rakaputika-mu XX, uye rakadzorerwazve mukubwinya kwayo muzana remakore rechi20. Asi vazhinji vekereke dzakaparadzwa vachiri kumirira zororo ravo - somuenzaniso, makedhedral eAlexander Nevsky muVolgograd naSimferopol. Asi guta guru ndiro rino uye guru, kuitira kuti zvinhu zvose pano zviitwe munzvimbo yekutanga. Mukuwedzera, kugara kweMatateguru weMoscow neRussia yose iri pano, uye izvi kune zvakawanda zvinoda.

Best of the best

Nokudaro, machechi akawanda muMoscow anoshamiswa nekunaka kwavo uye kudzorerwa kwavo. Kune mazita akasiyana emakereke anozivikanwa zvikuru eMoscow - mishanu-nyeredzi nzira, iyo inosanganisira zviratidzo zvakawanda, pakuuya, pakunaka, pane kukosha munhoroondo. Zvechokwadi, kune maparera akadaro anozadzisa zvose zvinodiwa uye zvinoda, anoshumira sechishongo chepasi uye anowanikwa mune mari yepasi rose. Zvinonyanya kusanganisira St. Basil uyo Akaropafadzwa uye kereke yaKristu Muponesi muMoscow - kereke huru yeRed Square uye pakati peOrthodoxy. Mukuwedzera kune kunaka kunoshamisa uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvivako zvechitendero, ivo vakabatana nekuti ivo vose mapenecenotapiti matema, ndiko kuti, pamwe chete matombo emakuva asingasviki masara evarwi.

Matemberi-zviyeuchidzo

IKatrovsky Cathedral inofananidzira chirangaridzo cheavo vakarasikirwa noupenyu hwavo mukubatwa kweKazan, uye kereke yaKirisitu Muponesi yakavakwa sechiratidzo chokukunda pamusoro peNapoleon - pamahwendefa emarblebhu akaisa chiyeuchidzo chevose avo vakapa hupenyu hwavo nokuda kweamaiamai muhondo iyi. Mukuwedzera, pamasvingo ayo mazita evarusi vemaRussia avo vaidziviririra Russia pamutengo weupenyu hwavo mumakambani e1797-1806 uye 1814-1815 vakadzingwa kunze. Kuputika kwakadaro kungaita sei? Zvinotyisa kufungidzira kunyange kuti vakashandisa zvisina kufanira kukurangarira kwemadzitateguru avo, asi kuti kuparadzwa uku kwakagamuchirwa nemoyo wose nevakawanda veSoviet vanhu.

Mhedziso yechitsuwa

Kare kare paKisimusi muna 1812, apo maNapoleonic akadzingwa zvachose kubva munharaunda yeRussia, Alexander I akabvuma pfungwa yakasimbiswa naGeneral PA Kikin pamusoro pekusimudzirwa kwechechi yechirangaridzo muMoscow iyo yakapiswa kumushandirapamwe weNapoleonic, mweya wenyika wakaponesa nyika. Muedzo usina kubudirira wokugadzira tembere wakaitwa pasi pekutonga Tsar Alexander I - dombo rokutanga rakagadzirirwa Gumiguru 17, 1815, uye paakakwira pachigaro chekutambudzika kwakanyanya Nicholas I, vatungamiri vekuvaka vakadyarwa kuti vashandise. Asi tsar haana kuramba kuvaka Kereke itsva yeMuponesi muMoscow. Akazvisarudzira akasarudza nzvimbo yekuvaka, purojekiti uye akagadza mutambi. Mari yacho yakagoverwa chete kubva kuhurumende yehurumende.

Chipiri chekuedza

Nzvimbo yakagadziriswa yetemberi yakaitwa pamakore makumi maviri nemashanu ehondo yeBarodino. Kuvaka kwakaitwa pasi pekutarisira kwaiye mambo. Basa guru-guru rakabatana nekuvaka rakaitwa - Catherine Canal yakachera, iyo yakabatanidza Rwizi rweMoscow neVolga. Iyo cenotaph yakavakwa kwemakore 44 - yakange yakatsaurirwa musi waMay 26, 1883. Pakutanga kuvakwa kwaitarisirwa nemunyori weprojekiti KA Ton, saka basa rakaramba richiendeswa nemudzidzi wake, Academician AI Rezanov. Vanyori vezvakanakisa uye vanyori venguva iyo vakatora chikamu pakugadzirwa kwetemberi. Mushure mokuzarura kweChechi yaKristu muMoscow (kushandura -HHC) yakakurumidza kutora nzvimbo yakakurumbira muhupenyu hwemagariro evanhu muRussia.

Farewell, muchengeti weRussia kubwinya ...

Kereke yakakura huru yakakonzera kutsamwa kwevanyori vanozivikanwa vaifunga K. Ton semuvakidzani mukuru. Uye, zvisinei, kereke itsva yakakurumidza kuva imwe yezviratidzo zveMoscow. Mumasvingo ayo mimhanzi yevanonyora vanyori vakakurumbira, vaimbi vakakurumbira veRussia vakaita. Asi nokuda kwehurumende itsva, yakauya mushure me1917 uye yakataurira kusatenda sehurumende yenyika, kwakanga kusina hurumende. Kutungamirirwa nemashoko enziyo "... nyika yose yechisimba isu tichaparadza pasi ...", vashanduki vakaparadza zvizhinji zvei kwemazana emakore kwaiva kubwinya kweRussia. Imba yakagadzirirwa imba yeSoviet, iyo yakavakwa iyo chivakwa-temberi yakaparadzwa, haina kumbovakwa. Kwete kwezana remakore rakasununguka uye dziva "Moscow". Iyi njodzi yakaipa yeTemberi yaishungurudzika vazhinji vanyengeri zvakare nokuti HHC yakanga isiri chivako chechihedheni, yakanga isiri kereke huru yaifanira kuparadzwa zvakasimba. Yakanga iri chivako kune avo vadziviriri veBabaland.

Kutendeuka

Vanhu vemazuva ano vakatsamwa pane zvakanga zvaitika. Muchikamu chimwe nechimwe pamusoro petemberi yakavhuvhuta pane mitsetse yerunyararo N. Arnold. Muna 1931 akanyora mazwi matsvene - "... hapana chinhu chitsvene kwatiri! Uye hazvisi kunyadzisa here kuti chitubu chegoridhe chakakonzerwa pachigadziko pasi pedemo ... ". Uye, zvechokwadi, kune zvinyorwa zvechishamiso cheuporofita hwechifananidzo chemuhanzi V. Balabanov "Swimmer", umo munyori akafanoona kuti temberi yakatsvaira yaizovakwa zvakare. Mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe, hakuna kukwanisa kuve nekufambisa kwekuvakazve kereke. Iko kushandiswa kwakange kuri pfungwa yekupfidza. Muna 1990, ibwe rakavakwa panzvimbo yeimba yakaputsika, uye muna 1992 mari yakaiswa, iyo nzira dzaifanira kushandiswa kugadzirisa HHC. Vapakadzi M. M. Posokhin naA. M. Denisov vakasika basa rekusimudzirwa kereke. Nguva dzaishungurudzika, chimwe chinhu chakanga chakaitwa chisina kururama, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa, asi zvakadaro chokwadi chakakunda. Uye ikozvino imire muMoscow kumutswa kwakamutswa kune yakaipa yeRussia. Guru, pakati, rinokosha, rakakura. Icho chinopesana nezvimwe kubva pachiratidziro chacho-uye ruvara rwemasvingo, uye mashoko kubva pane imwe nhengo dzakagadzirwa, somuenzaniso, medallions. Asi iye anorarama hupenyu hwake, iye ndiye pfuma yenguva yedu.

Mumwe wevatsvene vairemekedzwa zvikuru

MuRussia vatsvene vanoremekedzwa zvikuru. Machechi mazhinji muMoscow akavakwa mukukudzwa kwawo. Asi zvinoitika kuti kereke yakatove iripo inowana zvinyorwa zvevatsvene uye inova inoshamisa mukurumbira pakati pevanhu. Saizvozvowo temberi yePokrovsky, iri munharaunda yezita rimwechete nunnery. Mariri zvinoreva zvinyorwa zveMatrona kuMoscow. Zuva roga roga rinoshanyira nevanhu vanopfuura 3000, pazororo rekugara - kusvika ku 50 000.

Gore negore, kuzivikanwa kwemukweguru kunowedzera. Nokudaro, mukati megadziriro ye "Purogiramu +200" iri kuchamhembe kweguta guru, temberi huru yeMatrona kuMoscow iri kuvakwa. Kuvaka kunofanira kupera muna 2015. Pakutanga kwevanhu veOrthodox, iyo yakambovapo pano kubva muna 2008, yakasarudzwa kuti izvitsaurire kereke itsva kune Matrona akaropafadzwa. Vaparidzi vakasiya basa raiwanzoita uye vaida kuvaka kereke yakasiyana-siyana - iyo ichave yakaputika shanu, ine bhenji yakasiyana yebhenji, bharanda guru richave rakapfekedzwa korona yeimba mbiri (inenge 7). Temberi yakagadzirirwa vanamati mazana mashanu. Zviri pachena kuti iye achatishanyira zvisati zviduku kupfuura temu yePokrovsky nemitambo tsvene. Kubvira kumativi ose eRussia kuenda kuvanhu veMoscow kunamatira kune zvinyorwa zveMatronushka, uye akazvitumidza zita rakanaka pakati pevanhu. Pedyo netemberi iri pasi pekuvakwa kune chinguvana, chenguva yakazara yechitendero. Munharaunda yeDmitrov, vanhu 88 000 vanogara. Imba yeMatrona yeMoscow muMoscow ndiyo chivakwa chekutanga chechitendero chakatsaurirwa kune murume akwegura akakomborerwa. Kuda kwaro kwakapera nguva refu. Kubva pazuva rokufa kwake muna 1952 mukurumbira wake wakava Wose-Russian. Yakanga yakanzwisiswa sevatsvene vemuungano muna 1999, kereke yakawanda inogona kukonzerwa muna 2004.

Kutaura muMoscow kunokosha

Machechi akawanda uye makedhedrals eguta guru ane shongwe dzinokosha, vafambi vemunyika yose yeOrthodox vanonamata. Nokudaro, mareta emachechi eMoscow anotsanangurwa uye anowanikwa. Nyoreji yenzvimbo dzakawanda dzine nzvimbo yakanyatsoshandiswa uye kukwanisa kwakakwana kwechechi inoda. Iwe unogona kuwana kero mune dzakawanda mabhuku ekufambisa akapoteredza guta guru. Saka, HHC iri pa: Moscow, st. Volkhonka, kuvaka 15-17, iri kuruboshwe rworuboshwe rweMoskva River. Pepa yePokrovsky ine mazita eMatrona iri paTaganskaya mumugwagwa, imba 58. Chivakwa chetemberi yakakomborerwa chiri muNorth District, mudunhu reDmitrov, pamwe neSoffya Kovalevskaya mumugwagwa, ow. 14a.