Tembiricha Daily Jupiter

Jupiter - mumwe mapuraneti mashanu zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa mudenga usiku pasina Manyiminya zviridzwa chero. Achiri hapana pfungwa yawo ukuru, kuti nyanzvi zvekare basa nayo zita mukuru Roman mwari.

Meet Jupiter!

The muchadenga waZeusi kubva Sun mamiriyoni 778? Km. A gore pane rinovapo 11,86 Earth makore. Complete majana kumativi ayo akabatana anoita nyika maawa 9 chete uye maminitsi 55, uye dzimwe latitudes dzakasiyana kutenderera kumhanya zvinosiyana, uye akapotsa perpendicular kuti muchadenga ndege yacho akabatana, naro yomwaka kuchinja regai kuitika.

Jupiter pamusoro tembiricha - 133 madhigirii chilis (140 K). Nharaunda kupfuura 11, uye mukanyiwa 317 nguva kupfuura nharaunda uye guru panyika. Density (1.3 g / masendimita ³⁾ kuenderana zuva arambe achirema zviri zvishoma pane ari arambe achirema wenyika. Gravity Jupiter 2,54 nguva, apo remagineti ndiro ka12 kupfuura chete parameters enyika. Masikati tembiricha iri Jupiter haana kusiyana usiku. Izvi imhaka huru chinhambwe kubva Sun uye simba pezvakaitwa kuitika mudumbu nyika.

Nguva Manyiminya zveBhaibheri wechishanu nyika yakawanikwa 1610 ne Galileo. Ndiye akawana kupfuura makuru uye mana satellites waZeusi. Nhasi tinoziva kuti mitumbi 67 yokudenga, nhengo yemapuraneti vaRafa hurongwa.

tsvakurudzo History

Kusvikira 1970, nyika vakadzidza kubudikidza pasi, uye ipapo orbital yesangano iri Manyiminya uye redhiyo - uye wegamma neeSultan. tembiricha Jupiter ava kutanga akayera muna 1923 neboka remasayendisiti kubva Louelovskoy Observatory (Flagstaff, United States). Uchishandisa Vacuum thermocouple, vaongorori vakawana kuti nyika iri "Zvechokwadi muviri kuchitonhora." Photoelectric zvaanorumbidza chokufuka Jupiter, nyeredzi uye spectroscopic kuongorora zvakaita pakuguma kwemamiriro Dhavhidhi angave akanyorerei kwayo chadenga.

Tevera Vols interplanetary chitundumusere-musere vakanatswa uye kuwedzera zvikuru pamusaka mashoko. Unmanned mishoni "Pioneer 10; 11" muna 1973-1974. wokutanga nyika akatamisa mifananidzo zvemandorokwati (34 zviuru? km.), mashoko nemamiriro muchadenga, uye rinobva nemwaranzi bhandi. Vehicles "Voyager" (1979), "Ulysses" (1992, 2000). "Cassini" (2000) uye "New Horizons" (2007) akaita nani kuyerwa parameters Jupiter yacho yemapuraneti hurongwa, uye "Galileo" (1995-2003 gg.) uye "Juno" (2016) wevashumiri hofori chakagadzirwa satellites.

Internal mamiriro

yemapuraneti chinoumba vanenge 20 zviuru.? km mu dhayamita, zvinosanganisira shoma dombo uye simbi rehydrogen riri pressurized kusvika mamiriyoni 30-100 atmospheres. Jupiter tembiricha iri mapazi ichi anenge 30000? C. Kernel Weight - kubva 3 kusvika 15% of zvachose guru panyika. Heat rudzi chinoumba Jupiter rinotsanagurwa mashandiro Kelvin - Helmholtz. Musimboti wacho Chiitiko iri yokuti pakarepo kutonhora rokunze goko (pamusoro tembiricha iri -140˚S Jupiter) kumanikidzwa inodonha rikauya, kukonzera compression muviri kwaizotevera kudziyisa yacho core.

Chimwe rukoko kudzika 30 kusvika 50 zviuru. Km, ari fuma resimbi uye mvura rehydrogen kubva kusachena nehelium. With kubviswa makirisito kufurirwa munzvimbo iyi ipfupi mamiriyoni 2 atmospheres, Jupiter tembiricha ikasawira 6000? C.

Mamiriro ezvinhu. Germinales sezvamunoita

A zvakajeka muganhu pakati pemvura nyika uye mhepo haako. Panguva yacho yakaderera rukoko - troposphere - masayendisiti vava kwakajairika nharaunda umo kumanikidza anoenderana panyika. Kupfuurirazve akaturikidzana, daro kubva "pamusoro", dziri muna zvinotevera kuti:

• The stratosphere (kusvika 320 km).
• The thermosphere (kusvika 1000 km).
• Exosphere.

Panyaya chii tembiricha iri Jupiter, mhinduro unequivocal haako. In pave inoyerera ichivhiringidza convection pezvakaitwa anokonzerwa womukati nokupisa nyika. Vakachengeta Disc ane raidudzwa nemitsetse mamiriro. Zvisungo chena (zvikamu) mhepo vakawanda vanomuka mudenga murima (mabhandi) - kuwira downwards, pova convective zvishwe. In okumusoro akaturikidzana Thermosphere tembiricha rinosvika 1000? C, uye mberi zvakadzama uye kuwedzera kumanikidza anowira zvishoma nezvishoma kune asina tsika. Pamwechete kubudirira pakati troposphere Jupiter tembiricha anotanga kumuka zvakare.

Okumusoro akaturikidzana zvomumhepo musanganiswa rehydrogen (90%) nehelium. The Zvinoumba pasi, apo mukuru gore inotungamirwa anosanganisirawo methane, amoniya, Ammonium sulfate uye mvura. Spectral kuongorora kunoratidza kuvapo tichingoda ethane, propane uye acetylene, rehydrogen cyanide uye carbon monoxide, sarufa yeimwe uye phosphorus.

gore tiers

A-siyana mavara Jovian gore rinoratidza kuvapo kwavo Zvinoumba kunzwisisa makemikari. The gore mamiriro anogona nyore kuona tiers matatu:

• Upper - zvine crystals oledenevshego amoniya.
• Avhareji Kuwanda Ammonium hydrosulfide zvikurusa.
• Ari pasi - mvura echando uye zvichida zviduku mvura mumate.

Vamwe mumhepo womuenzaniso yakatanga nemasayendisiti uye nevatsvakurudzi regai haabatanidzi kuvapo imwe weDanho gore anoumbwa emura amoniya. Ultraviolet nemwaranzi kubva zuva uye Jupiter vake simba simba raizoshandiswa ndiye anosarudza unyatsoshanda vakawanda zvemakemikari uye mumuviri pezvakaitwa zviri kuitika panyika.

ratinoona mananara

Border munyika dzine uye zvikamu musi Jupiter dzinoratidzwa nemhepo simba (kusvika 200 m / chik). Kubva neequator kuti mapango nguva rakatumbuka chokubuda mirayiridzo. Mhepo havukavu shoma kuwedzera rusununguko uye danda riri kushanda vasipo. The kwakaita mhepo yakapoteredza mananara panyika (madutu, mheni, Aurora) yakaronga kuti unokosha kupfuura pasi. Rizivikanwe Great Red Spot chinhu chimwe semhare dutu, kwazvo pakukura disks maviri pano nharaunda. Itsvedze iri kukukurwa zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kumativi. Over zana makore zvaanorumbidza ayo pachena kukura vagovane.

Chimwe basa kuti "Voyager" hwagadzwa, kuti nzvimbo vortex idzodzo chadenga dzakazara nokupenya kwemheni, Linear kukura kupfuura chiuru makiromita.

Iri Jupiter pane upenyu?

Mubvunzo vazhinji achaita kuvhiringidzika. Jupiter - nyika, pose tembiricha iri (uyewo kuvapo pose) chinoreva zvakawanda - angangotadza kuva "Dzinde mupfungwa." Asi kuvapo chaivo zvinenge zviri kuitika hofori muna 70-ies wekupedzisira remakore, masayendisiti haana warambidzwa. Chokwadi chokuti rokumusoro kumanikidzwa netembiricha zviri zvakanaka kwazvo kuti chitarisiko uye nemakemikari chokuita amoniya kana Mahydrocarbon. Zvomuchadenga Carl Sagan uye astrophysicist E. Salpeter (USA), anotungamirirwa muviri uye zvemakemikari mitemo, akaita akashinga kubvuma pakati zvipenyu, ariko uko dziripowo mu izvi zvinhu:

• Sinker - tusingaoneki kuti anogona kuwanda nokukurumidza uye akawanda, vachibvumira vagari yokupukunyuka ari kuchinja ezvinhu ari convective dziriko.
• Floaters - hofori shiri akafanana Balloons. Muchisunungura rinorema nehelium, vanotanga chokumusoro akaturikidzana.

Zvisinei, kunyange "Galileo" kana "Juno" chinhu mhando yakawanikwa.