The Amber Room muna Catherine Palace (Pushkin)

Outsinye dzinonakidza uye yakanaka ndiye Amber Room muna Catherine Palace. It kunyange chakakodzera kunzi chishamiso wechiedza. The chidzoke iyi nedzimwe nzvimbo fanned ne rengano. Asi kunyangarika Paaidzidzisa munguva yehondo achiri Anonyonganisa zvokufungidzira. Sezvineiwo Amber Room haana vanokwanisa apore. Munyaya ino isu hunonyatsodonongodza pamusoro nhoroondo yacho uyewo pamusoro apo Catherine Palace, kuti Amber Room dziri. Tikiti mitengo uye maawa hwomukova miziyamu unogona kudzidza kubva ino.

Prussian kumwedzi

Prussian madzimambo Elector muBrandenburg (Prussia aionekwa somunhu yakakurumbira muzinda rinopenya raanoziva muEurope) kubva 1618 sezvo zvipo mamwe machinda vava netsika kupa rinopenya ndiye "ndarama" Gungwa reBaltic sezvo rakatumidzwa. Chii chinoita ibwe kubudiswa ichi iwe iri kukura nokukurumidza, uye mumwe nenhongonya ayo uye akava Amber Room. Zvakange akasikwa ichatonga zvine mbiri Prussian uye German uri yose, kureva panguva kwezana XVII uye XVIII emakore.

Elector Frederick III (makore okutonga -. 1657-1713 yy) muna 1701 akatora rokuvakazve ravo guru, uye chidimbu youmambo dzokugara - rose zvivako rinoreva XVI-XVII emakore. Court mapurani raMambo I. F. Eozander akaita Suburban ive youmambo yakavakwa pamusoro muenzaniso Versailles. Mazuva ano, zvinozivikanwa kuti murongedzeri akasika Amber Room chirongwa. Littsenburg uye Oranienburg, vaviri nomuzinda Mambo Prussia, iro chokuita nenjodzi Amber Room kubvira 1707 akava nzvimbo Eozandera mabasa. Chokutanga, Amber Room yakagadzirwa kushongedzwa yamambo Littsenburg. Panguva upenyu hwemhuri youmambo havana kuona nzvimbo yakakwana. Basa rakanga 1709 vachiri chipatapata. Pakazosvika nguva iye akafa Sophia Charlotte (muna 1705). Frederick Ndakasarudza kurega basa racho uye munoshongedza pamwe ukomba rinopenya maberere mumuzinda shamwari yake - Oranienburg. Ungangove, mambo akasarudza kumisa kuvakwa, kuchengeta kumuzinda Littsenburg, nguva yakagara wake, sezvaakanga agara apo iye akanga ari mupenyu. Madziro horo, iyo aifanira kumisa rinopenya ukomba, yakashongedzwa nendarama resi uye Dhamasiko. Uye nhasi muna Littsenburg Palace anogona kuyeva Red damastovoy kuchimbuzi. Pakuyeuka Queen Sophia Charlotte, muzinda uyu akanzi Charlottenburg.

Ipapo mambo akarayira Eozanderu zvinowedzera Palace in Oranienburg, kuwedzera Amber Gallery 30 metres, mukuru wayo saizi yepakutanga ubate. Zvisinei, pasinei ndichibvunza basa, maberere ichi haina rakapedzwa munguva upenyu Frederick I, uyo akafa muna 1713.

Gift kuna Peter I

Russian Emperor akafara basa Eozandera uye akaita hakuna chakavanzika chake chido kuva basa uri kudaro munyika yavo. Frederick William I, mugari wenhaka wamambo (Makore oupenyu - 1688-1740, kuti Board - kubva 1713), akasuma munyika yakaoma chirango ane chinangwa zvinobatsira kushandiswa, uye akasarudza kurega basa anodhura kudaro mumizinda baba vake. Asi undisguised anofadzwa vaenzi vakawanda ade pagomo iri rinopenya ukomba muhofisi zvevaPolish Berlin mamiriro wamakamuri youmambo yamambo. Yaiva chete pdtverzhdenny chokwadi kugara muBerlin Paaidzidzisa kuti akatumira guru Russian, St. Petersburg.

Peter I munguva upenyu Frederick I pachake kuzoongorora Panel kuti Amber Gallery, pakushanya kwake kuna Berlin. Muna November 1716, pamusangano nemwanakomana wake, wakaitwa nokuda sungano pakati Russia uye Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm ndakapa mambo zvipo zvinodhura, pakati rakanga akanyorwa uye Amber Room. 13 January 1717 The Amber Room akaunzwa kuna St. Petersburg mumabhokisi 18, izvo, kuwedzera kune rakapedzwa ukomba vaiva vazhinji zvimedu kwete yamboshandiswa.

Evidence pamusoro apo chevaux Peter ndakaronga yokugadza ukomba izvi, achiripo, saka kubvuma kuti ayo aronga kushandiswa iri mukati pamusoro Winter Palace kwechokwadi.

Amber Room paitonga Elizabeth

Muna 1743, mwanasikana Kesari Elizaveta Petrovna pashure accession kune chigaro akaudza kuisa chipo kupinda itsva tinova dzokugara - Third Winter Palace. Kuti aite basa Italian mapurani A. Martelli vakakokwawo. Dzichitungamirirwa mumwe mapurani kukuru - F. B. Rastrelli - kare muna 1746 paaizooneka chimiro Amber Room muna Winter Palace. Zvisinei, vamwe zvinhu menyika itsva yakanga vasina, saka Rastrelli akasarudza kutanga Mirrored pilasters uye pinza mamwe ukomba, kupendwa "nokuti rinopenya". Muna 1745, Mambo Prussia, Frederick II akapa Russian Empress mumwe kuurayiwa chacho A. Reich rinopenya puranga, ari kushongedzwa iyo vakashandisa motifs uye mumadimikira vakakudza ukuru Elizabeth. Muna 1746 iri Amber Room raishandiswa pamutemo yemichato, kunyange zvazvo nguva zhinji panguva akadzokorora vavakezve Winter Palace akachinjirwa nzvimbo nenzvimbo.

The Amber Room muna Catherine Palace

Makore 12 gare gare, muna June 1755, kwatova Tsarskoye tiiviste kubudikidza nomurayiro Empress anotanga vasikwa achitungamirirwa Rastrelli Amber Room (apo Catherine Palace, nhasi wose anoziva). Saka mutsva nguva Paaidzidzisa kubwinya kuRussia, iyo yakatora makore anenge mazana maviri.

Dvortsovy nzvimbo akabvumira nokuti, yave imwe nzvimbo 96 mativi metres, riri substantially kupfuura ukuru yapfuura kamuri. Naizvozvo, ukomba raizoiswa pakati weDanho pamadziro matatu uye dzakaparadzaniswa pilasters vane magirazi uye gilded mifananidzo. Apo rinopenya musingagoni, masvingo yacho akanga akafukidzwa kanivhasi uye yakashongedzwa mifananidzo "by Amber" by the artist I. I. Velskim. Rastrelli sowakajeka kurarama basa rake, kuwedzera mukati yakanaka marambi yendarira, sirin'i kupenda, gilded mifananidzo, magirazi uye parquet flooring akasiyana matanda anokosha.

Nhongonya pasirin'i yakashongedzwa chihombe saizi kupenda kubudikidza risingazivikanwi Artist kubva Venice XVIII remakore, rinomirira Uchenjeri, kuchengeta Youth kubva miedzo rudo.

Avhareji chakagadzirwa Danho aiva 8 kutwasuka ukomba, iro ina zvaiswa wezvidimbu mabwe mavara, yakaitwa Florence ari 1750s, zvakajeka unoratidza shanu dzinokosha pfungwa: kunzwa, kuona, kubata, kuravidza uye kunhuwidza.

Amber Room of Catherine Palace aiva dzinoyevedza yakarongedzwa. It chakaita kuti Chinese porcelain uye zvipfuva Russian basa. The Amber Room waichengetwa uye mumwe muunganidzwa kupfuura rinopenya zvishongo muEurope uye pakupedzisira achava miziyamu rinopenya zvinhu, apo vakanga wechesi, checkered uye caskets.

Personal zvinhu dzemhuri youmambo

Kubva pakati pezana remakore XVIII muna Tsarskoye tiiviste, apo panguva iyoyo paiva upscale tenzi rinopenya kubudiswa akatanga kusvika kubva Kamertsalmeysterskoy pandiri inogadzirisa zvakasiyana siyana zvinhu zvaiva nhengo dzemhuri youmambo. Zvinyorwa yakaratidza kuti muna 1765 akauya pano kuti vagadzirise zvinopfuura 70 zvigadzirwa kubva ibwe iri pakati iyo vaiva vanotongwa kapoka kane (crucifixes uye michinjikwa), fenicha (postavtsa, makabhati uye dzemukati), uye zvemumba. A rinokosha boka zvinhu nguva Elizabeth kuti tafura Kushongedzwa, akaita muchimiro shizha rinosakara vane acanthus mashizha uye Baroque volute. Vose vari akashongedzwa mifananidzo. zvigadzirwa izvi zvichida yakashongedzwa mutambo tafura Empress Elizabeth panguva mabiko.

Amber Room paitonga Catherine II

Muna 1763, Empress Catherine II chirevo maererano iyo zvose pamatende vakarondedzera "ne Amber" vaifanira ichatsiviwa wezvidimbu rinopenya. On guru basa zvakatora makore 4 uye makirogiramu amabwe 450. Muna 1770, basa rakapera.

By nechirevo Catherine II, kuti kunyatsoteerera kukura fanicha maindasitiri kuRussia, kuti Amber Room vaisanganisa vakawanda ounyanzvi yacho ndege.

Maererano ndandanda rakanyorwa na D. Grigorovich, kuguma XIX remakore mumuzinda maiva yakawanda fenicha, zvikurukuru ana varimi navasimi vamazambiringa nematafura. Kumboda zvakanga chakangomuka French. Apo kugadzira asina kupiwa nzvimbo, Ungangove yaiva Russian chigadzirwa. Mumwe Exhibits, bhokisi rokuchera, ndiye zvikurukuru dzinonakidza. dambudziko rake kujairika uye pair they iye muchipfuva unofadza zvikuru. Panguva Second World War, vakanga vasara mumuzinda uye vakaendeswa Germany nechisimba, uye hafu yezana remakore gare gare mumwe wavo akadzokera paraimbova. Mugore pre-hondo mapikicha ari Amber Room zvose bhokisi hwanyorwa, vakanga akasanganisirwa mumatadzo uwandu pamusoro miziyamu muna 1938-1940. Vakadzoka piece fenicha segwapa, iyo zvachinotarisana nhamba kubva kubvunzwa magwaro yamambo. Kuma1990, chipfuva yakawanikwa muBerlin, vari voga muunganidzwa, uye vakatengwa muridzi wayo uri kutanga magazini "Spiegel", uye gare gare, muna 2000, akatangazve kuti Nyanzvi of Amber Room of Catherine Palace (Pushkin). Areka rokuchera, kuwedzera zvayo inonakidza mugumo uri kuziva pachayo, sezvo muenzaniso mumwe okutanga zvakaitika fenicha rokuita mu Russia iri mimwe French zvigadzirwa chokuita 1760 fung gore.

Sezvo guru nokufamba kupisa, drafts uye stoveheating akaparadza rinopenya, matatu chete katatu XIX remakore rakanga raitwa kudzoreredzwa Amber Room.

The mufananidzo Amber Room

Muna 1907, kuti Lumière hama yakabereka yokutanga plastinki- "autochromes" nokugadzira ine ruvara matatu waMosesi muenzaniso. Ndivo vamwe wokutanga ruvara mifananidzo munhau mifananidzo. Muna 1917 Lukomsky, mukuru unyanzvi-nhoroondo basa, uyo akashanda ari dzoushe, akapiwa mvumo kuita kupfura mumizinda Tsarskoye tiiviste. Kusanganisira akaronga kubvisa uye muna Pushkin Catherine Palace, kuti Amber Room vakanga kuti mifananidzo. Izvi zvakakodzera kusika zvine miziyamu Exhibits. Shooting chaiitirwa AA Zeestom. The Catherine Palace mifananidzo yakatorwa muna June uye Alexander - kubva August 14, 1917, pakarepo pashure wokupedzisira Russian Emperor Nicholas II uye nemhuri yake vakaendeswa Tobolsk. PK Lukomsky 11 October 1917 akagamuchira 140 kurira kwepfuti, mumwe icho akabatwa uye Amber Room muna Catherine Palace. Up kusvikira 1941, ndiye chete ruvara mufananidzo kwayo.

Mumakore 1933-1935 mabasa maduku hwokudzorerwa vakatakura muvezi I. Krestovsky.

kurasikirwa mukati

Muzhizha ra1941 zvakanzi akaronga mukuru Paaidzidzisa nokudzorerwa, asi Guru Patriotic War kudziviswa Implementation kwayo. Amber Room kuti akatozotamiswa, izvo mosaics akafukidzwa nhete paiva rinokosha tishu pabepa. Asi kutongwa kubviswa pemapuranga kwakaratidza kuti rinopenya crumbles. Zvaikosha chaizvo kuti tirambe zvaibiwa kwakaenderera ari Catherine Palace. The Amber Room, ane mutengo kwave zvechokwadi rakakura, zvirokwazvo zvaifanira kuvanzirwa vanopinda nechisimba. Saka, zvakasarudzwa kuti pasi richengetedzwe achiri. Ukomba taped gauze jira, makateya Mabutiro batting akazvifukidza pamapuranga.

Apo Amber Room (Catherine Palace, Pushkin) Akatsoropodzwa nemauto German, pakati pavo pakange chikwata nyanzvi mune ekisipoti ounyanzvi fuma, mumwe remadziro rakabvisirwa uye akatumwa Königsberg.

Ikoko kwakanga kusvikira kuchitubu 1945. Maererano nepepanhau rokuGermany rinonzi "Kenigsberg Allgemeine Zeitung", mutsoropodzi Alfred nengoro, November 13, 1941 akaronga imwe kwemasimba mabwe anokosha, uye zvimwe zvinhu zviri kushongedzwa of Amber Room (anodzivirira panzvimbo yakachengeteka) muna Prussian Art Museum. Muna 1944, apo vanhu vokuGermany vakadzokera shure shure Panel namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara, dzaizara kupinda mabhokisi uye akatuma kuenda kunzvimbo yatakanga tisingazivi. Kubvira ipapo, Amber Room harisati akarasika.

rumutsiriro Paaidzidzisa

Muna 1979 Dare Vashumiri RSFSR, kwakasarudzwa kuzodzosera chigaro rinopenya aenzana.

Muna 1983, mifananidzo uye negatives of Amber Room muna Catherine Palace pakutanga Kwemitambo chirongwa mapurani A. A. Kedrinskogo. Muna 1994 yaakagadzira emadziro rokutanga rezasi weDanho, uye mamwe basa waMosesi "maonero" yakapedzwa makore maviri gare gare. Muna April 2000, ivo miziyamu vakadzoka vakawana muGermany kumurimi Russian uye waMosesi basa "murove uye kunhuwidza" vaiva chikamu kushongedzwa mukamuri.

Muna June 2003, vachikudza St. Petersburg tercentenary muna Pushkin (Catherine Palace) The Amber Room akazarurirwa veruzhinji. The mhemberero akanga akapindwa nevatungamiriri Russian uye German. Basa, urwo rwakatora makore 24 okuberekwa, rapera. A nguva itsva munhoroondo basa guru iri mifananidzo!

The Amber Room (Catherine Palace): apo, okutanga maawa

Pushkin, umo miziyamu riri, riri 25 chete kubva St. Petersburg.

Pari, Catherine Palace (Amber Room) yakazaruka zuva nezuva kubva maawa 10 kusvika 17, chete zuva kure - Chipiri uye ose okupedzisira Monday romwedzi ane utsanana zuva.

Muzhizha, basa mapoka nzvimbo uye pamutemo nenhume kunze kubva 10 kusvika 16 maawa uye kubvira 16 kusvika 17 - pasuo matikiti nomumwe vashanyi. Kana pasina mapoka tsika, basa nomumwe vashanyi kunogonawo kutora nzvimbo panguva imwe nguva. Tickets hadzina kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo kutengeswa, zvinofanira kutengwa bhokisi kuhofisi, iri vaenzi of Palace (Pushkin, Tsarskoye tiiviste, Catherine Palace).

The Amber Room, kushanyirwa riri pachena, anopa discounts mamwe Mapato vemo. Saka, mari matikiti nokuti nevakura 400 rubles, uye nokuda vadzidzi mumayunivhesiti Russian, uyewo pensioners yeRussian Federation uye Belarus - 300 rubles. Izvi tikiti mitengo iri Catherine Palace. Zviratidzwa kuburikidza dzimba (Amber Room zvaisanganisira) akapiwa yoga.