Ndiani akavaka Cathedral of Annunciation. Annunciation Church of Kremlin: tsananguro

The kare wokuRussia mamiriro zvinoratidzwa zvivako ounyanzvi, mapurani uye mabhuku. Guta guru eumambo nyika - Moscow yaro pakati - the Kremlin, izvo nhasi harisi chete pachigaro hurumende uye mutungamiri, asiwo miziyamu inoratidza zvose zvinokosha kuva simba guru. Unique wayo mapurani uye nhoroondo zvakaoma aigona kuudza vashanyi zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonakidza. chivakwa neimwe ine chikamu chedu kare, shongwe, dzinoungana, mapindu, makereke Moscow Kremlin. Cathedral of Annunciation ndohwavo zvikuru kare zvivako, nzvimbo, akachengetwa mariri, yakatanga kusvika nguva inotungamirwa chiKristu muRussia.

nzvimbo

Mapurani Nhongonya Moscow Kremlin ndiye Cathedral Square. Two nakisa zvenhoroondo Zvivako dziri pamwe kwayo mukomberedzo. South-dzokumadokero chikamu mativi ndiwo Cathedral of Annunciation, iyo anowanzonzi goridhe-domed, akanga vagadzwe nezita Annunciation Musikana. Temberi iri rakasiyana mumiririri yekare mapurani, parera of Kremlin. Nokufamba kare ivepo, rakavakwazve nguva zhinji, yakashongedzwa ose chinotevera mumiririri imba youmambo, asi haana kurasa chinangwa chikuru uye pakutanga akafanoona nezvimiro. Kuitira kuona uyo akavaka Annunciation Cathedral of Moscow Kremlin, unofanira kuenda nhoroondo yaro zvisikwa. Unonzi kuti nhoroondo zvinyorwa pamugumo XIV Cathedral izvozvo kwatova.

nyaya

Kereke yemapuranga pamusoro Annunciation pakati kutaurwa mashoko yakavakwa muna 1290. Maererano nengano, yakaronga kuti kuvaka wakapiwa Prince Andrew, uyo aiva mwanakomana Aleksandra Nevskogo. Ndiani akavaka Cathedral of Annunciation chepakutanga emapuranga shanduro hazvizivikanwi, asi kuguma XIV remakore waivapo chimiro ichi. Kudiwa kusimbisa uye kudzorerwa chechi vakasimuka shure wanunurwa Byzantine kuvake "Kristu ari sacristy iri chena." Rinobatanidzwa ne ichi chiitiko kutanga kunyorwa nezvokubuda yemberi Church. Nanhasi shanduro yokutanga kuvaka haana kuita chinhu ruzivo. Size, munyori zvivako, mukati uye kunze kushongedzwa kereke kuramba chakavanzika kuti usingagoni kuzivikanwa zvahunoreva. Kubva pakati XIV remakore anotanga kuvaka kereke ibwe, iyo gare gare anozivikanwa sezvo Cathedral of Annunciation. History of mberi Kushandurwa temberi zvakabatana chaizvo nomuchinda, uye ipapo mhuri youmambo achitonga Russia.

XV remakore

zimukadzimu yake muchechi ibwe aisungirwa Basil I (mwanakomana Dmitry Donskoy), ndiye akarayira kuti vateye chapero kuti machinda mhuri. The chikuru ezvinhu ndiwo kuvakwa napedyo vayo pekugara makamuri saka Cathedral iri Moscow Kremlin Annunciation veguta akadana temberi "pavharanda." Muna 1405 iye kupendwa zvokunyaradza kushongedzwa yakaitwa nomukurumbira Painters Russian (F. Greek, A. Rublev). The mapurani zviri akasika mamiriro, magadzirirwo ayo unoratidza simba ari Byzantine manyorerwo, zvakanga zvakazara nokuda inotungamirwa chiKristu munguva iyoyo. Makore 70 temberi vamboshanda kuchinja uye muna 1483 yakaparadzwa varayirwa Ivan III.

Kuvakwa Church

Full update Kremlin zvivakwa kunotanga 1480. Duke of Moscow, Ivan III akakoka vatenzi Italian kushanda, asi pamwe ezvinhu kugadzirisa yose zvivako zviri Russian manyorerwo yekare. Ndiani akavaka Cathedral of Annunciation? Kubva renhoroondo dzamadzimambo nguva nokururamisira inonyatsozivikanwa chokwadi, achiti kuti temberi yakanga yakavakwa ezvivako Russian. Nokuti mabasa aya vaivapowo muPskov ezvivako, uyo pamwe kubatsirwa Moscow vatenzi yakatanga kuvakwa temberi muna 1984. Nheyo yekare bhesimendi vakashanda naye kudaro. E. The Church yakavakwa chete chimiro sezvo yekare.

rakaoma akamira pamberi vatenzi Russian, aiva Nyatsobatanidzwai aenderane mutemberi zvivako zviri Kremlin. Kubva yaMakoronike pamugumo XIV remakore, unogona kunyange kudzidza mazita avo vakavaka Cathedral of Annunciation muMoscow ichi Architects kubva muPskov Myshkin uye Krivtsov. Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa tarenda vanhu ava, akavonga ravo, ivo Kremlin ane mumwe akasiyana marongerwo uye yokufungisisa nhoroondo mamiriro pamusoro emakore oupenyu kwayo.

akitekicha

Muna 1489 kuvakwa Church rakapera, iye yakavhenekera Metropolitan Gerontius. Typical zviri mapurani tsika Moscow uye muPskov vanatenzi dzinogona kurondwa muimba ino. Temberi pre-yaivapo, aiva mativi chimiro uye akanga akaroora pamwe misoro mitatu. Nechepakati chikamu dzichengeterwe mbiru, izvo zvakasiyana nerimwe parusvingo yakaderera chematenga. Cross-domed chivako airarama nevanhu wakafukidzwa maberere. Kuchinja maitiro rakasungirwa temberi pamwe dzinogarwa zvivako Kremlin zvakaoma. Apses (akavhara duku atari rusesi) yaiva kumabvazuva. Main (yechitendero) rokuti haadi runosanganisirawo kusashandisa zvinobatsira, wakabereka Annunciation Cathedral of Kremlin. Description aritari runoita kufunga kuti muimba yepasi raigona kuchengetwa papfuma mamiriro.

sarudzo

Grand nemachinda, uye ipapo zvose tsars wokuRussia vakashandisa Annunciation Cathedral of Kremlin sechechi yakanga yakabatana. Zvahunoita zvose sakaramende mhuri (rubhabhatidzo, muchato). The Church akabereka mubati Russia womudzimu, iye vaizviti izvozvo, akabatsira kugadzira uye nechivimbo kuda, aigona kupa mambo mazano refu kukurukura. The Annunciation Church akaramba kukosha muchinda (wamambo) mhuri (zvinoera, mifananidzo, zvisaririra zvevasande). Machinda Moscow yokutanga akachengetwa mariri kuti coffers. Mumwe mumiririri inotevera youmambo, paakangogara pachigaro, kuedza kuvandudza mukati menyika Church, kuti chitarisiko chake chinhu yavo, siya chiyeuchidzo pamusoro vazukuru.

XVI remakore

Ndiani akavaka Cathedral of Annunciation, izvo isu kuona nhasi? Mubvunzo hausi nyore, chivako chacho yoku- kakawanda maererano moto muMoscow uye mugumisiro hondo nokumukirana. Rinonyatsooneka shanduko netemberi kwakaitika muzana XVI remakore. Vasily III munguva yokutonga kwake akaraira kuti kupenda temberi "vakapfuma." basa iri akakwezva yakanaka Painters kuRussia (Theodosius, Fedor Edikeev). Nevavariro chikuru Pamifananidzo zvakachengetedzwa, asi kushongedzwa of Church ikoko uye kupedza nematombo anokosha. Kuwanda domes yakawedzera kusvika 9 (chiratidzo Holy Virgin muchiKristu yekare), chimwe nechimwe zvinenge zvakazara nendarama, saka yava Zlatoverkh katedraali. Kumaodzanyemba pasuo kurongeka rake chinangwa chete youmambo kushanya (kwomuchinda) mhuri, apo ivo vakapa zvipo uye navamwe mushure basa.

Ivan Grozny

Muna muna 1547 Moscow uye Kremlin zvivakwa yekudyidzana kukanganiswa nomoto guru. Church of Annunciation ndozvakaitikawo, saka Ivan Grozny akarayira kuti uzonyatsotanga (kana chivakwa). Muna 1564, temberi yakavakwa, kupendwa, yakashongedzwa zvikuru kwazvo kupfuura pasi baba vake (Vasily III), uye kuvhenekerwa. Porch yakashongedzwa mifananidzo chena ibwe nezvikumbaridzo, yakaitirwa ne vanatenzi wokuItaly. Unique kuti masuo nguva simbi mhangura, yakashongedzwa nendarama. Zvakanga zvishoma reconstructed iconostasis uye kupendwa denga, masvingo uye mbiru mutemberi. Basa na Ivana Groznogo kuna Annunciation Cathedral wanamatira muberere (Grozny), uchipa payo, raiva nzvimbo mambo akaona harbinger rufu rwake.

nhoroondo ano

Akatora choushe Romanov youmambo, idzo kuchengeta uye wakashongedzwa Cathedral of Annunciation. Nhoroondo Its tevera muenzaniso kuchenjerera mafungiro kuti Old dzinoyera Russian. Rinonyatsooneka kuvadza chechi yaiva 1917, rimwe bhomba yakarova berere rakaparadzwa Grozny, izvo haana yadzorerwa. The Bolsheviks vakatamira guru kuMoscow uye akaisa muna Kremlin utungamiriri nyika. Unique zvenhoroondo, zvitendero uye mapurani nzvimbo vakava dzisingambosvikiki kune vanhuwo zvavo. Hurumende itsva pashure kwenguva yakareba chakavhura pamusuo enhoroondo peguta, ndinosika Moscow Kremlin Museums. Annunciation Cathedral raishanda vanokwanisa ichi kusvikira 1993. Nhasi zviri chimwe chezvinhu yekare Orthodox nzvimbo tsvene uchishanda nharaunda wehurumende yedu.

ano akitekicha

Church of Annunciation yakavakwa kwemazana emakore. It chaizvoizvo ine zvivako anoverengeka siyana nguva kuti rinobatanidza Nyatsobatanidzwai zvakakwana kuumba yaizivikanwa nechitarisiko murume ano temberi. Muzana XVI remakore kuti Church vari zvakabatanidzwa makamuri mana, rimwe nerimwe korona musoro, pamwe matatu zvitsauko mapfumbamwe vari decoration. The nzvimbo mukati riri mupfupi, t. To. The Church yakanyorerwa chete nokuti mukuru (zvamambo) mhuri. Mapurani kwokukurukurirana kuvakwa anganzi ane Russian, Byzantine tsika Old. Rising mamiriro tichiregeredza chiedza anosika mugumisiro wehunyambiri kufamba, nenzira yokushongedzwa kunogona kurondwa muPskov mapurani chikoro (mativi mbiru, namaberere dziva). Moscow vanatenzi vane chiso Chiesa masvingo uye nezvikumbaridzo fomu hwakarongwa bhandi. Annunciation Cathedral rakasiyana nemamwe wayo mapurani uye chivakwa nhoroondo.

iconostasis

The akasiyana sezvamunoita uye makore mutero, riri mu tiers dzakawanda (pemitsara). Icons XIV, XV, XVI emakore, anoshamisa zvisaririra chiKristu yekare akurukurwa mutemberi. Pakati pavo vane mabasa Andreya Rubleva uye Feofana Greka, izvo akapukunyuka kusvikira mazuva edu. Icons unoratidza zviitiko zvoupenyu hwaKristu, vakasikwa XVI remakore, mari yavo chinoitwa rinokosha kuti muna 1896. Zvinoshamisawo iconostasis Annunciation Cathedral iri nokuti asara nzvimbo mambo mufananidzo kuti achitonga imwe nguva penguva. Pakafa namambo Icon pamwe mufananidzo wake hwakatamisirwa Cathedral Ngirozi Huru uye akaisa pamusoro tombstone.

mufananidzo

Mukuru zvechokwadi mimwe Pamifananidzo hunorasika moto uye pazvinhu zviri Church. Modern kupenda ndiko makopi yavo, zviri chinoitwa vemifananidzo pamusoro XVI remakore, izvo akaedza kuratidza mavara, chimiro uye ukoshi nyaya. Chinotoshamisa kusiyana ndechokuti pamwe zvetsika mubhaibheri motifs pamadziro, namaberere, mbiru kutotaura zviso amachinda Russian uye vazivi vekare, rinopa akasiyana Monument dzakadai Annunciation Cathedral of Kremlin. Moscow, Russia haruchazovi yekare ivhu seinäkartta mutemberi. miziyamu ichi mudzimba mabasa echitendero unyanzvi, izvo zvisina analogues. Mufananidzo Annunciation ndohwaJehovha kupfuura kare uye isingawanzowanikwi iconography mhando.