The chikuru zvokukura kukura zvoupfumi dzidziso

Basic pfungwa, misimboti uye mazwi hwenyika haina kuitika pakarepo. Vaiva mugumisiro refu-shanduka zivo yesayenzi uye muupenyu tsika. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvakava pachena kuti vakawanda kwevanhu queries vanokwanisa chete kuzadzisa zvoupfumi basa uye kugadzirwa. Vanoumba ezvinhu anodiwa.

Information pamusoro wokutanga kuedza kudzidza zvimwe munzanga maitiro inogona kuwanikwa mabasa nevafungi vekare Rome, Egypt, Greece, India uye China. Vose vakatarira nyaya chokuita upfumi, mari, kutengeserana, mitero, zvokurima, rokuchenesa uye zvakafanana. Asi nhoroondo chaiye kukura kwakaita zvoupfumi sezvo kwegadziriro ruzivo kunotanga chete X VI remakore. Izvi imhaka itsva, mukuru hunhu pamisika upfumi.

The chikuru zvokukura pave zvoupfumi dzidziso, zviri chinodiwa kuziva zvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Chokutanga, mashoko pamusoro paumbwe nesayenzi akasiyana nhoroondo nguva uye pasi pokudzora tsika dzakasiyana kuchabatsira kunzwisisa zvirinani magetsi ravo ivhu pfungwa pfungwa ano yayo marongerwo.

Chechipiri, mashoko sei zvakaitika inokosha zvokukura pave zvoupfumi dzidziso, kubatsira yakasimba uye zvakatoipisisa kutongwa chipo enyika. Ruzivo munhu anogona enzanisa navo mashoko akadaro uye zvakaitika kare, uye kwete kuwira shure chirauro.

Uye, Chechitatu, nokuongorora chikuru nzendo pave zvoupfumi dzidziso, munhu aifarira richaiswa vasiyana chefuma tsika nyika. Saka, iye ennobles pfungwa, kuwedzera maonero anoona chokwadi zvizere.

The chikuru zvokukura kukura zvoupfumi dzidziso kusimuka kwakavakirwa anofamba dzinenge mbiri: absolutist uye relativistic. Wokupedzisira wavo funga chero nhoroondo chakajairika mumaratidzirwo dzechitendero, enyika uye dzimwe nyaya yakananga kuti kumwedzi. Absolutist kusvika kunobva pakuti dzidziso kunokudziridzwa pamwe kuramba kufambira mberi yakakanganiswa zvekungofungira kuti ndezvechokwadi.

Nyaya ino inokurukura kuti chete mumatanho okukura zvoupfumi dzidziso yokutanga panyaya vakavhengana relativistic absolutist kusvika.

1. Mercantilism. Vanotsigira izvi muitiro kwainyanya pfuma kwainzi wezvokutengeserana turnover dzose. Vapfume kubudirira kuburikidza kuunganidza goridhe uye mari yesirivha. Vamiriri ichi kuitika: T. Mann, A. Montchretien. Vanoratidza uye kuchengetedza zvinodiwa bourgeoisie, izvo anotengesa zvinhu munguva okukura vemamwe wezvokutengeserana uye kuunganidza guta chepuraimari.

2. physiocrats. Kusiyana mercantilists vakatanga kuongorora kukura kwebasa gadzira, uye kwete zvakananga chiyero turnover. Physiocrats akapikisa kuti zvokurima basa - ndiro huru, iyo kwechokwadi vapfume. Vaiva nechivimbo chokuti indasitiri, kutengeserana, chokufambisa - ndiyo nokure harina zvibereko basa unokubvumira chete kufukidza zvichidhura ariko. Asi Purofiti havana zvachose musamutsa kuti vanhu. Shared maonero ari Physiocrats: Nora D., A. Turgot, F. Quesnay, Mirabeau B ..

3. political Classical upfumi. It kwakatanga kukura capitalism. havaoni Its vakaziva Ricardo, William Petty, Adam Smith. Maziso ose nezvezvaiitwawo kuongorora zvoupfumi mananara kukura nokure evanhu kugadzirwa. It havaoni pane chekare zvoupfumi kunge akatanga chinhu sokuti "basa dzidziso ukoshi." vari aionekwa kumusika gadziriro anokwanisa kuzvidzora.

4. Marxism. The havaoni uyu muitiro vakaenda. Marxists kunge vakaongorora sei kutanga siyana chinokosha kusiyana kwavakaita, vachipisira nzira maonero mari, negoho, kubereka, zvoupfumi nematambudziko , uye pasi rendi.