Mutemo Newton Wokutanga

A chinokosha uwandu Zvakawanikwa mumunda wefizikisi zvakaitwa mazana emakore apfuura, zvinoshamisa pasina kurasikirwa kushanda nanhasi. Uye kana chinzvimbo ezvinhu uye quantum wefizikisi kuramba vaisanganisa, sezvinoita zvikamu nesayenzi - kutanga, hurongwa kashoma kuona chinhu chitsva.

Munhu wose anoziva kuti hurongwa sei wefizikisi chikamu rakakamurwa simba rinomutsa uye kinematics. Panyaya iyi, iyo kinematics anorondedzera uye anoongorora sangano pacharo, uye simba rinomutsa - ayo zvinokonzera.

The inokosha zvinodavirwa muchitendero kutsanangura zvikonzero chidzoke uye kuenderera racho, kusvikira nhasi kuonekwa mitemo Newtonian emuchina, ane mupiro kukura bazi iri wefizikisi rakaoma kuona. Ndiye akatanga pfungwa dzakadai se "vakawanda," "inertia", "nguva" uye vamwe vakawanda. Zvisinei, yakakurumbira zvikuru Isaka Nyuton nokuti mitemo anotigonesa kuti kutsanangura rwokufamba zviga kwokukurukurirana miviri.

Mumwe mitemo yayo inokosha anonzi mutemo inertia, kana wokutanga mutemo Newton. Pfungwa ndizvo ayo nezvokuvapo bhuku kwakadaro mapuranga, izvo muviri hama velocity anoramba kugara uye haachinji, kana ichi asina sei vamwe minda kana muviri. Kubva mhedziso iyi miviri kunogona kuitwa: kutanga, kuti kushandura trajectory muviri kuitira kuti chimiro chayo chose, asi kunyange zvakadaro, kuti anoramba maonero ayo, ane simba anofanira kuiswa. Roga girazi patafura haana kuuya kure; zvakakodzera kana kuti kutora kana kusunda kana zunzai tafura. Zvisinei, pasina mamwe nokufumurwa magirazi vakamira tafura acharamba dzayo rectilinear inofamba pane kugara nokukurumidza. Sei? Pashure zvose zvinokosha?

Pano tinosvika pedyo chinouraya wechipiri, izvo zvinoita kuti mutemo Newton yokutanga. Chete muviri kunogona kuve panguva sezvo sangano uye varambe pa zororo. The mubvunzo chete iri chii chakafanana nezve funga ichi kana kuti mugariro wake. Muenzaniso iwoyo aine girazi: magirazi hama kuti tafura riri mira hama kuti mucherechedzi - uyewo. Kazhinji, noruremekedzo chero chakafanana bhuku chokuita nenyika, magirazi vacharamba wakaiswa pakati muenzaniso uyu. Zvisinei wedzera pakona maonero pamusoro shiri dzinobhururuka pamusoro girazi, zvichaita achifambirana nenzira yakarurama mumutsara kumhanya kufamba Nyika. A shiri, chaizvoizvo, vari kutiza ezvinhu haagari pasi bhuku hurongwa. More vamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, asi kwete zvakajeka: kufamba girazi panyaya Jupiter. Glass Jupiter hama bhuku furemu uchifamba nokuti Inofamba nokumhanya Pasi. Uye kwake ino mira puranga.

Scientific goho unokubvumira mutemo Newton yokutanga, zviri sezvinotevera: chakafanana panotaurwa noruremekedzo muviri pasina Kufurirwa nevamwe ari kutamira iyo noruvara, rinonzi inertial bhuku mapuranga. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ataurwa pamusoro apa, mashoko inertial panotaurwa marongedzero mukombe richava tafura. Zvisinei, ari pasi, pasi - iri mumba, imba - munyika. Kazhinji, zvose nezvezvinotaurwa pepuranga chokuita Earth, runoonekwa kuti inertial. Zvisinei, rimwe duku Disclaimer: nokuti kuti Pasi rotates pamusoro wayo akabatana, zvakazara mutemo Newton yokutanga hazvigoni rakatangwa. Anowira muviri, chaizvoizvo, harwuwire vertically (the trajectory ayo rwokufamba asingadi aenzane yakarurama mutsetse), uye zvishoma kutsauka kumabvazuva. Zvisinei, "zvarakasiya" akadaro wefizikisi ano uchigamuchirwa vakaregeredza kurerutsa Masvomhu.

Ndaziva zvose pamusoro, zviri nyore kunzwisisa okuti zvose zviri munyika zvitange uye zvose ihama. Kuzorora mamiriro hazvirevi kusavapo rwokufamba, uye mumwe nzira kumativi - dzakafanana Linear inofamba pane kugara nokukurumidza.