The Crime and Punishment

Muna 2016 nhamba yeF.M. Dostoevsky "Mhosva uye Kurangwa" ichava nemakore 150. Yakanyorwa senyevero, haina kurasikirwa nehutano hwayo mumazuva edu. Basa rinoratidza izvo munhu anogona, kana pasina kutenda mumweya wake, saka usaruramisire kugumburwa kwegamba ane kodzero dzekusaruramisira kwevanhu, apo iwe unofanira kunyora inoverengeka inobva pane inoverengeka. "Mhosva uye chirango" chakasiyana chaizvo.

Purogiramu iri mumhando ye detective

Muduku Dostoevsky wekuda kupinda muchikwata chePetrashevists akatongerwa rufu, iyo yakangosarudzwa chete nechekugadziriswa nebasa rakaoma. Uye nguva yose inotevera iyo munyori akanga achishingaira kutsvaga zvinoreva hupenyu, zvaakawana muna Mwari uye kuda muvakidzani wake.

Kana izvi zvisipo mumunhu, zvino anotenda kuti zvinhu zvose zvinotenderwa, nokuti hapana chinhu chokutya uye hakuna munhu. Ndicho chikonzero munyori akaisa nhauri yake "Utsotsi uye Kuranga", nheyo iyo inowanikwa muchikoro, nzira inokwanisa yekuponesa munhu.

Munyori akasarudza rudzi rwemuputi kwete kuitira kufarira muverengi, asi pakuenzanisa kwepfungwa: mupureri ndeyemhosva. Pano pane zvakavanzika: kubva pamapeji ekutanga zvinonzwisisika kuti ndiani uye nei achifunga zvakaipa.

Pfungwa huru yevhesi inogona kududzirwa nenzira iyi: ruponeso rwemweya bedzi muna Kristu, uye hupenyu hwevanhu, kunyange hunokosha, hahuna kukodzera.

Munhu wose ane kodzero imwechete yeupenyu

"Mufananidzo waRaskolnikov" - nyaya inowanzoshandiswa pamabasa aDostoevsky, apo vadzidzi vanonyora nyaya. "Mhosva uye chirango" vazhinji vanofunga sevanoratiza chete nezvemhare iyi. Zvechokwadi, ichi ndicho chimiro chikuru. Asi huwandu hwehuviri hwakapoteredza pedyo naye (ndiyo Porfiry Petrovich, Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin, naArkady Svidrigailov, uye kunyange Alena Ivanovna vakaurayiwa) inosika polyphony uye inosimbisa izwi remusimboti mukuru: vanhu vazhinji vane pfungwa dzisina kururama uye chido chokurarama zvakanaka, asi kwete vose kuenda Kuuraya vakadzi vakura.

Muhurukuro pamusoro paRaskolnikov unofanira kupa zvinoreva zita rake, patronymic, zita rezita. Enzanisa nayo nemapatya ose. Ita kuti chikonzero cheiyo chikonzero chakatungamirira kumhosva. Tsanangura zvikonzero zvekutambudzwa mushure mekuponda. Uye kutora mhedziso pamusoro peiyo gamba rakasvika kuburikidza nematambudziko akadaro.

Nevaya "vakanamatira musi weChitatu"

Chinyorwa chepakutanga chebhuku rakagadzirirwa raiva "Pyanenkie", uye chimiro chepamusoro chakanga chakafanirwa kuva Marmeladov. Asi chidhakwa chaiwo, nokuda kwezvivi zvake zvose, hazvina kutyisa kumusangano semuurayi wemafungiro e Raskolnikov, saka tine rimwe bhuku pamusoro pemashalofu: F.M. Dostoevsky, Mhosva uye Kurangwa. Zvinyorwa pamusoro paMarmeladov zvinowanzonyorwa muchimiro chetsika yemabhuku eRussia ezvinyorwa zvemazuva iwayo pamusoro pe "vanhu vaduku", kureva, pamusoro pevaya "vakapinda munharaunda".

Munyori mukuru ane maonero ake penyaya iyi. Haana hanya nourombo sechikonzero chokunyangadza. Hungu, Marmeladov pachake haana kuuraya chero munhu, asi akazvimanikidza iye nemwanasikana wake anodikamwa kuti ave nemhosva yemweya. Akanga achiziva kunyanya kwekuita kwake, akatambura kubva, asi anongomwa uye akachema.

Ruponeso mukutenda

Chero zvingangove zvinyorwa, Raskolnikov haana kururamisa mhosva yake, anotya pane utsinye, asi chivi chake chikuru ndechekuzvikudza. Uye chirwere ichi mushure mekuponda hachibatanidzi nekutendeuka, asi nekutya iwe pachako uye nezvakazoitika kuva munhu asina simba. Uyezve musangano naSaiah.

Akatomufunga kuti akaenzana naye pachake, mutadzi iyeye. Asi iyo yakarongeka ichabatanidzwa nerudo uye kunzwisisa pamusoro paro. "Mhosva uye chirango" mumufananidzo waSoniaya Marmeladova anopa tariro kune vose vatadzi. Mukuzvininipisa kwake, simba rinoshamisa rinozvarwa, uye pakuverenga Bhaibheri, tariro inowanikwa. Mitsara pamusoro pekumuka kwaRazaro, anoziva nemoyo uye asingagumi anotenda kuti izvi zvinogoneka kune vose. Rudo kuvanhu uye kukanganwirwa kwaSaya kune zvakasikwa sekufema.

Petersburg-shamwari

Mutsva, kunze kwemasimba, kune chimiro cheguta. Uye pamusoro pake unogona kunyora nyaya. "Mhosva uye chirango" chinoratidza Petersburg haisi iyo guta guru riri kumusoro, iyo Pushkin yaifarira, asi ine tsvina, fetid labyrinth. Kana iyo yadhi, inofanana nechesi, kana masitepisi, ezvo ichitsva uye yakasimwa nematope.

Zvinoratidzika kuti muguta rino zvakaoma kufema uye ndezvekushaiwa kwomweya wehupenyu hunoti vanhu vanopinda mumisoro yavo pfungwa dzepenzi. Asi Petersburg anoona zvose, anoziva zvose, asi haatauri chinhu.

Tsanangudzo yakajeka yemigwagwa, dzimba, mukati mekamuri, kunhuhwira uye mavara emirazi zvinobvumira muverengi kwete kungofungidzira chete, asiwo kunzwa manyawi emadzimba edzimba. Mune pepa rino, zvakakosha kupindura mubvunzo wezvakaitwa naDostoevsky pamusoro peizvi. "Mhosva uye chirango" chimiro chakasiyana-siyana, chimiro. Chisikwa choga choga uye chisiko chisina upenyu chinoshandisa chikamu chayo.

Tsvaga misoro

Zvichida chokwadi chokuti inoverengeka chikamu chepurogiramu yekondari yechikoro yakamanikidzwa mumabhuku akabatsira kuparadzira kutsvakurudza kwake. Mashomanana anoshandiswa echechi yekare ane mhando yakawanda yemisoro. Kana iwe ukanyora pasi penyaya inoti "Utsotsi uye Chirango," Raskolnikov haasi iye oga gamba rekufarira. Kunyangwe mukati mekudzidzira imwe dzidzo yekudzidzisa mumwe munhu haagoni kuwana kamwe gumi nemaviri akasiyana-siyana. Saka pamusoro pei uye nezvevanaani vanonyora kakawanda pamusoro pebasa raFyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky?

Kana pamusoro pevarwi, ipapo izvi:

• Dreams of Raskolnikov.
• Dzimbai monologues: basa uye zvinoreva.
• Kureurura uye kutendeuka.
• Vakuru vakuru ndivo Luzhin naSvidrigailov.
• Mufananidzo wephenyo.

Kana iri yekuongorora kwese inoverengeka "Utsotsi uye Kuranga", nheyo dzemabasa dzinowanzoitika:

• Bhaibheri (evangelical) zvinangwa.
• Basa remamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda.
• Kubwinya kwechigadziro uye chimiro.
• Pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvenyika uye pfungwa yeRussia.
• Mukutsvaga kururamisira.
• The psychology of the novel.

Kududzirwa kwematambudziko eUrwere neKuranga kunogona kuve kwakasiyana kuitira kuti inyore chirevo chakakodzera pane ino ino, inofanira kunyatsoverengwa.