The fungidziro mu zvepfungwa. Unhu zvepfungwa. mupfungwa kuchengetedzwa

Shoko rokuti "fungidziro", iro rinoshandiswa geometry, wefizikisi, zvepfungwa sayenzi vamwe, rinobva muchiLatin shoko projectio, iro chaizvoizvo anoshandura se "nokukanda mberi." Zvakananga, dzinomirira rimwe zvepfungwa mupfungwa kudzivirira zvigadziriswe pakati wacho.

The chikuru nzira mupfungwa kudzivirirwa unhu

Asati akatendevukira kuburitsa, iyo fungidziro ichava panzvimbo kupa mukuru tsanangudzo mupfungwa pezvakaitwa dzakadai inodzivirira zvenhengo uyewo kuwana ndedzipi nzira yokudzivirira.

Pfungwa mupfungwa kudzivirira akaberekwa mukati psychoanalysis. Wakatangwa muvambi dzidziso Sigmund Freud muna 1894. Maererano naye, munhu kubata siyana inorwadza uye zvakaoma zvakaitika anotanga kushandisa pfungwa kudzivirira zvigadziriswe. Vari yakaoma kamwe rubatsiro kwevanhu varambe utano hwepfungwa uye kuvimbika munhu kuburikidza vachikanganisa chokwadi. Ndicho chikuru kushanda zvigadziriswe izvi - kuchengetedza pamusoro inokanganisa nechitarisiko uye munyika zvinhu (ndiko kuti, kubva pachake) unhu. In zvepfungwa, izvozvo anoita somunhu mutakuri munhu kutanga, izvo vakaita nyika yavo chaiyo pachavo rwomumwoyo. Naizvozvo, kudzivirirwa zvigadziriswe mumwe mhosva vari nomumwe. Zvisinei, masayendisiti ongororo dzakawanda vakakwanisa kuronga uye akazivisa dzakawanda chikuru nzira mupfungwa kudzivirirwa. Vari wakapindwa anenge ose okufunga mashandiro (ndangariro, kufunga, maonero, fungidziro, manzwiro, mafungiro, uye zvichingodaro. D.), Asi nechimwe kunodzora chete mumwe wavo. Zvichienderana ichi, pane kutevera nzira mupfungwa kudzivirira:

1. Negation.
2. Kudzvinyirira.
3. Udzvanyiriri.
4. Rationalization.
5. Jet inotungamirwa.
6. Kuzvitsinhanisa.
7. Ndyaringo.
8. Hope.
9. Sublimation.
10. Fungidziro (mu wepfungwa).
11. Zvitupa.
12. Fantasy (hope).
13. Chinja.
14. Introjection.
15. Depersonalization and said.

Mumwe nomumwe zvigadziriswe izvi ndizvo zvikuru zvaitwa nemutoo chirongwa yokubata nokufunganya uye mupfungwa. Vanobatsira munhu kugadzirisa kwokunze asiwo zvinorwisana maari kwete chete. Somuenzaniso, nemhaka fungidziro munhu anogona mukusaziva uchatamisa basa uye mhosva mamwe zvavo zvinonyadzisa (kunzwisisa kwake) Nemikwidza panorumwe munhu, kana kuti kupona unhu hwavo kana manzwiro evamwe.

Marudzi mupfungwa kudzivirira

In sainzi, ina dzinokosha siyana mupfungwa kudzivirira, zvinoti: active, "kusarenda" overprotection uye "rationalization".

The vanoshingaira chimiro wokudzivirira

Zvinogona kuitika nokutsvaka "chipfuro" - munhu kana chimwe chinhu, ari munhu, unogona vanokanya manzwiro ako akaipa kana vaunganidza utsinye, uye ekstrapunitivnosti iyo pane katsika mhosva zvikanganiso zvavo kana kukundikana munhu, asi kwete isu . To chimiro ichi kudzivirirwa zvinoshanda "hasha akarurama" apo munhu collapses pamwe kupomerwa munhu kukururamisirai Manzwiro iwayo kuti simukai kubva pairi, zvakadai godo. Self-ndizvo zvinotaura tichiregeredza pokuzvidza kukudzwa mumwe munhu ndiyo inonyanya kunaka chimiro akapindura mashandiro mupfungwa kudzivirirwa. Uye, zvakare, ndohwavo muchikwata ichi. Uyezve, kune basa chimiro kudzivirira zvinosanganisira kuderedza chokuita chinhu, kuti ndiro Attribution akaipa zvechadenga munhu, chii iye arege nhaka.

Psychological kuchengetedzwa nenzira kusarenda

Kana munhu vanoongorora kwavo kubudirira muupenyu, pfungwa yomukati kusagutsikana, iye akareva muchimiro vadzivirirwe sechinhu capitulation. It kungaratidzwa gerontolizmom kana puerilism. Somuenzaniso, anogona kunyaradza nepfungwa yokuti iye achiri kuuya, kana, nekusiyana, mhosva kukundikana avo zera pachavo, vanoti, kana ndaiva muduku, ipapo zvose zvaizova zvakasiyana. Sezvineiwo, ichi mhando rinorondedzerawo intropunitivnost (Kusiyana ekstrapunitivnosti) apo uchizivikanwa vaipomera pacharo. To chimiro ichi kunyanya akarwawo vanhu vane imwe uduku yakaoma.

overprotection

munhu hunoguma kunzwisisa mashoko yose hachifadzi pachavo uye kunzwa zvinhu zvakanaka chete pasi pokudzora yakadzika manzwiro kana kunetseka. Izvi wemanomano zvepfungwa inonzi kusarudzwa mashoko kwaari zvakafanana kuti mashandiro kuti kuramba kana kudzivirira, kana munhu asingadi kutenda zvaitika uye anoramba.

Vanonzi "dziviriro France" rinorevawo kuti mashandiro kuti "overprotection" apo munhu nyarara pakarepo anotanga kufamba kwazvo yendarira uye plunges vamwe kupinda kuvhunduka. The kuderedza pangozi, uye kufunganya tiri personalization unyanzvi overprotection. Uye kana mumutsetse wokutanga, murume achisunda kure pfungwa kutyisidzira yakarembera pamusoro pake nemhaka basa zvimwe zviito (eg kusvuta - somugumisiro zvemapapu kenza nengozi), kana yechipiri, zviri mwoyo yavo kuti kazhinji ndivo groundless, ari kutsvaka honzeri panze. By sverhzaschite zvinosanganisira reinsurance (haana achibhururuka mundege, udye zvokudya utano, uye zvichingodaro. D.), Kuda kutamba, udzvanyiriri, sverhkonservatizm, difleksiya (kufanana kushaya mukati akubvumira), disconnection kubva chokwadi, depersonalization (kana munhu wacho patsanura kubva chinetso anotanga kuita chinhu chiduku, uye zvichingodaro. d.), "kucheka Gordian fundo" (chavanoziva ngozi), yokufananidzira kana dzinoiswa zviito (mashura), sublimation (kuongororazve tsika muupenyu), uye zvichingodaro. d.

Panzira, vanhu vaine kwevari mupfungwa kudzivirira akarwawo zvachose akasiyana nzira, akadai kutarisira, Kujeka pfungwa, pachisara chaiye Kutarira Zvinhu, mafungiro kune pachake nokusetsa uye zvichingodaro. D. Zvisinei, sezvo matambudziko zvinogona chete kuva munhu chaiye. In zvepfungwa, pasinei nokuti shoko "munhu" ari panoonekwa chero chisikwa kuti hwakapiwa simba pfungwa, kutaura, okugadzira zvinhu uye zvichingodaro. E., Zvisinei, muupenyu hwezuva nezuva achitaura pamusoro wacho, zvinoreva avo vane simba nechido uye unhu vane zvinoshamisa uye simba vanhu.

Protection kuburikidza rationalization

Izvi achinyanya zvinosanganisira kugadzwa kuzvidzivirira, kana sezvazvakanyorwa akadanwa zvepfungwa "pachake gweta." Zvichida vose akaona firimu "The kupfuura inofadza uye anoyevedza." Mariri huru hunhu anoshandisa chimiro ichi mupfungwa kudzivirira. Fungidziro, kusarurama, kuzvitsinhanisa Chaizvoizvo, introjection, kuzivikanwa naye zvaikosha mumagariro munhu, pokufa basa uye zvichingodaro. E. Also kushanda kuchengetedzwa kuburikidza rationalization. Dzimwe nguva pane kukanganisa chokwadi muchimiro iya nenguva. Kana munhu zvose kwakaitika makore mashoma apfuura, zvinoita anenge prehistoric. Uyezve munyaya ino tichaedza kutsanangura musimboti rimwe kudzivirira zvigadziriswe - fungidziro. Sezvataona pamusoro apa, kudzivirirwa kana ichi kuburikidza rationalization.

Chii fungidziro?

The fungidziro mu zvepfungwa inzira tama manzwiro avo uye muchivande zvishuwo mumwe zvipenyu kana zvisina upenyu chinhu. Kubva pakutanga, zvinoita sokuti zvose zviri pachena, kana zvinhu zvisina upenyu, ichi chinoitika kana munhu rusununguko zvinhu kana zvakasikwa, manzwiro avo, akadai mwoyo Sea, utsinye denga, achichema the willow uye zvichingodaro. D. In nyore vanonzwisisa vanhu, nguva nenguva kuona panomuka chisimba, uye anoona vamwe utsinye, wenhema anofunga kuti zvose ake kuzvinyengera kumativi. Izvi zvinodaro nokuti vanhu havabvumi mavari izvi unhu havagoni chaizvoizvo kuongorora pachako sokunge kubva kunze, asi ichi vagare vachinetsana pachayo inotungamirira kuti iye mukusaziva plesieroorde kune fungidziro, sezvo introjection - sedziviriro nepfungwa. Freud aidavira kuti kunowanzoitwa kuwanikwa vanhu vane paronoidnym kana hysteroid zvirwere. Sokushandiswa ino, ichi izwi iri raireva kuzviitira maonero mashandiro, izvo zvinogona kunge akanaka kana kuti asina kunaka.

Mashoko akaipa uye zvakanaka mativi fungidziro

Apo vanhu dzimwe nguva kusurukirwa sezvo ainge ava nepfungwa mhosva , kana ivo kunetseka uye kutya, ipapo vanotanga kushanda mupfungwa avo kana dzimwe nzira unodzivirira. Somuenzaniso, fungidziro. In zvepfungwa, ndiwo nzira tama manzwiro avo uye zvakavanzika zvishuwo mumwe chinhu. Somuenzaniso, munhu pavanorwadziwa zvakavanzika chido chokuchinja wake, asi haagamuchiri uye kunyange nazvo, anotanga kugadzira zvido izvi nomudzimai wake. Somugumisiro, iye anotanga kutenda kuti akanga asiri, uye mukadzi achida kuzvishandura. Somugumisiro, iye zvino uye ipapo akakungurutsa godo rake, akamupomera zvose vanofa zvivi, kunyange zvazvo akanga asina chikonzero. Mumwe muenzaniso uri nyaya ane kuchembera runako uyo, nekutya kukwegura, kutanga kuona nevezera avo zvinoratidza kuchembera uye uvape vari munhu. In shoko, tichifunga zvepfungwa pane kuzviitira maonero ndiwo mashandiro iyo vangava akanaka kana akaipa. The apa mienzaniso kutaura akaipa kurutivi mashandiro.

Ukuwo, zviri fungidziro mu zvepfungwa angava akanaka divi. Somuenzaniso, maonero fungidziro Tsitsi, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera mwero tinzwisisane pakati vanhu. Tsitsi munhu mupfungwa sayenzi inonzi tsitsi. Kwakavakirwa zvose zvakafanana fungidziro mashandiro, kana munhu, achiudzawo mumwe mazano ari manzwiro ake. Somugumisiro, zviri kukwanisa kunyatsonzwisisa mamiriro ichi "mamwe".

mhedziso

Matambudziko chikuru pakati zvepfungwa unhu, kusanganisira dambudziko zvayo chepfungwa vari hunonyatsobatana mupfungwa kuzvidzivirira mashandiro kuti anoshandisa munhu (mukusaziva) kuramba kutendeka kwavo chepfungwa.