The Kuongorora nhetembo "Kufirwa nyanduri" kunyorwa CA Lermontov

Lermontov - kukuru Russian nyanduri, munyori wemitambo uye novelist, anozivikanwa munyika yose nokuda kwazvo basa rayo, zvabatsira Russian tsika yacho. In venguva mabhuku, Russian Lermontov zvakarurama pokutanga wechipiri pashure Pushkin.

Ava vaviri zita inozivikanwa chokuita imwe shinda asingaoneki, nokuti rufu inosuruvarisa pakati Pushkin, uyo akafa muna 1837 kubva kukuvara ari duel, ave ari unwitting chikonzero Mare nyeredzi wokufananidzira Lermontov, akatanga inozivikanwa nhetembo yake "On rufu nyanduri."

Kuongororwa munhetembo Lermontov kuti "Kufirwa nyanduri" anopa afungisise. nhetembo iyi, muchimiro umo tinozviziva - chine zvikamu zvitatu (chikamu chokutanga - kubva 1 kusvika 56 stanza, chechipiri - kubva 56 ndima 72, uye epigraph), akawana zvarakaita kamwe. Yokutanga chaizvo reShanduro nhetembo yakanga yomusi 28th January, 1837 (rimwe zuva asati afa Pushkin) uye yaiva mugove wokutanga anopera ndima "uye miromo yake anodhinda."

Ava 56 Ndima yokutanga chikamu, akavapindurawo, iri conventionally huviri huri akazvimiririra kukamuka, zvakajairika dingindira uye manzwiro mabhuku. The Kuongorora nhetembo "Kufirwa nyanduri" anoratidza kusiyana nezvimedu izvi: 33 stanzas okutanga akanyorwa simba trehstopnym pentameter uye Vachiita kushatirwa pamusoro rufu nyanduri, pokufumura kwete mutsaona mariri, uye kuponda, mhosva yaiva chando yairwisana "mwoyo isina" rokunyika vanhu, kushaiwa ake okunzwisisa uye chivimbo rusununguko-rudo zvinhu mweya nyanduri Pushkin.

Kuburikidza mamwe Kuongorora nhetembo "Kufirwa nyanduri", tinoona kuti chikamu chokutanga chinyorwa chechipiri raiumbwa zvinotevera 23 ndima, yakasiyana wokutanga nokuchinja mita kuti iambe tetrameter. Uyewo, kuchinja chokurondedzera shinda nenharo pamusoro zvinokonzera rufu muna zvakananga mhosva munzanga uye zvose nhengo dzayo - "vanochera chisingabatsiri." Munyori haatyi kukandira mumashoko A.V.Druzhinina "simbi ndima" iri yendarira chiso nevaya usazeza akaseka ndangariro inoyera nomunyori mukuru uye murume, sezvo anotiratidza hwakadzama Kuongorora nhetembo. "Kufirwa nyanduri" Lermontov akanyora, pasina kunetseka nezvemigumisiro, izvo pachazvo ichitova feat. Kuita Kuongorora nhetembo "Kufirwa nyanduri", chechipiri, rine ndima kubva 56th pamusoro 72nd, tikaona kuti dzokuchema elegy rokutanga chikamu anotsiviwa kwake kunotyisa satire.

Epigraph rakaonekwawo zvikuru chete gare gare, apo akabvunza nomudetembi kupa Kesari noruoko kopi detembo wako kuzviwana. The Kuongorora nhetembo "Kufirwa nyanduri" kunoratidza kuti Mashoko ichi yakatorwa kubva tsaona Nyanduri "Wenceslas" by munyori wemitambo French Zhana Rotru.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti zvose nzanga dare uye Kesari Nicholas I "anoongwa" kupisa zvinhu zvairatidza vechiduku shasha, vakawira chaizvo mundima chimiro, nekuti basa iri kwakaita zvinoodza tinyatsonzwisisa hurumende inotonga uye akarondedzerwa se "kusanyara vakasununguka-mafungiro, kupfuura tsotsi." Mugumisiro ichi kuita kwaiva mharuro zvekufamba "On impermissible ndima ...", achiteverwa nomumwe Lermontov kuti kusungwa, kwakaitika muna February 1837, uye nezve Nyanduri (pasi achinyepera yokushumira) kusvika eCaucasus.