The kweropa hurongwa hwevanhu nemhuka kwemiviri

Pasina chaakasiya zvose zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvipenyu vane kusiyaniswa nyama uye nhengo, kunyanya mamiriro upenyu hwavo huri kudiwa chokufambisa reokisijeni uye zvinovaka muviri kuti masero anoumba muviri wavo. Basa senga zvataurwa anoita ropa richipfuura ezvinhu kusanduka tubular zvivako - midziyo, vakabatana kweropa mugadziriro. Its shanduka kukura, mamiriro uye mashandiro ichakurukurwa pepa rino.

annelids

The kweropa Hurongwa nhengo akaonekwa kokutanga vamiririri mhando annelids (segmented nehonye), rimwe riri rinozivikanwa earthworm - ugere ivhu, ichiwedzera wembereko kwayo uye kungova kirasi Oligochaeta.

Sezvo muviri uyu zvikuru yakarongwa, kweropa gadziriro earthworm mitumbi aimiririra miviri chete midziyo - dorsal uye ventral kwakabatana tenderera sepombi.

Kunyanya kufamba ropa invertebrates - mollusks

The kweropa Hurongwa nhengo mu dzemugungwa ane vanoverengeka chaiwo zvatariswa: pane mwoyo zvinosanganisira maviri atria uye ventricles, uye kwakadonhera ropa mumuviri remhuka. Inoyerera kwete chete kuburikidza nemidziyo, asiwo magwanza pakati pezvitunha.

Izvi zvinonzi yakavhurika kweropa hurongwa. mamiriro Similar tinoona vamiririri arthropods zvakadai crustaceans, madandaude nezvipembenene. Dzavo kweropa hurongwa haina kuvharwa nhengo, mwoyo iri pamusoro dorsal kurutivi muviri uye ane chimiro sepombi vane baffles uye mavharuvhu.

Amphioxus - yemadzitateguru chimiro vertebrates

The kweropa Tsika mhuka nhengo pamwe axial marangwanda sechipiriso Chord kana musana, nguva dzose kuvharwa. In golovohordovyh, raiva lancelet rimwe wokufambisa uye basa mwoyo anotakura abdominal yeropa. Inopa wayo pulsating kweropa rose muviri.

Blood kutenderera nehove

The superclass hove rine mapoka maviri hwemvura zvipenyu: kirasi cartilaginous uye mhou kirasi hove. With Misiyano iri kwokunze uye munyika marongerwo vane zvakafanana - kweropa negadziriro nhengo, izvo basa kuti kutakura zvinovaka muviri uye oxygen. It kunoratidzwa pamberi pulmonary kuparadzirwa uye hunyambiri-yokuvata mwoyo.

Heart hove dzose bicameral uye unosanganisira atrium uye ventricle. Pakati pavo pane mavharuvhu, saka kufamba ropa mu mwoyo nguva dzose unidirectional: kubva atrium kupinda ventricle.

Circulation kwemhuka munyika pakutanga

Izvi zvinosanganisira vamiririri vekirasi amphibians kana amphibians: gura datya, datya, mavara salamander, newt uye nevamwe. Sechivako kweropa ezvinhu zviri pachena kuonekwa kunzwisisa kwakaita sangano: vanonzi chaivo aromorphoses. Uyu-chambered zvitatu mwoyo (mbiri atria uye ventricle), uye vaviri kufamba kweropa. Vose vanotanga kubva ventricle.

The pulmonary ropa akapfuma carbon dioxide, kuti ganda uye anozunungusa bhegi nyore. Pano gasi Exchange kunoitika, uye arterial ropa unodzokera kubva mumapapu kuruboshwe atrium. Venous ropa kubva midziyo paganda anopinda zvakanaka atrium, ipapo kupinda ventricle arterial uye venous ropa hwakakanyiwa, uye ropa ichi vakavhengana inofamba mu nhengo dzose dzomuviri amphibians. Naizvozvo, ufanane muviri wavo, sezvakunoitwa hove, pasi zvakakwana kuti inotungamirira kuti kuvimba amphibian muviri tembiricha dzakapoterera kwezvakatipoteredza. Utachiona yakadaro inonzi ine utsinye kana poikilothermic.

Kweropa wemuTesitamende zvinokambaira

Kuramba pamwechete Kunyanya kweropa iri mhuka, kutungamirira pano nzira youpenyu, omerera anatomi nezvinokambaira kana nezvinokambaira. The kweropa Hurongwa nhengo zvakawanda zvakaoma kuwana pane mu amphibians. Mhuka vechigaro kirasi nezvinokambaira kunge matatu-chambered mwoyo, vaviri atria uye ventricle, umo panova partition. Mhuka vechigaro sezvakarayirwa nemakarwe ari mumwoyo kuramba mhinganidzo, izvo zvinoita kuti munhu Four-kamuri.

A goroondo kungova yokuzviparadzanisa Scale (nedzvinyu, nechipfira, nenyoka inowanzorimwa nedhambakura nimble) uye kurondedzera nenjiva kukupfura, vane-chambered matatu mwoyo pamwe nezaroschennoy partition, saka kuti maoko nemakumbo avo kumberi uye musoro anopinda arterial ropa, uye muswe uye hunde dunhu - yakavhenganiswa. In nemakarwe arterial uye venous ropa riri yakavhenganiswa kwete mumwoyo, uye kubva mairi - sezvo pamusana Fusion maviri kutsemuka Maberere, saka nhengo dzose dzomuviri anogamuchira yakavhenganiswa ropa. Pasina chaakasiya uyewo zvinokambaira imhuka ine utsinye.

Shiri - wokutanga inodziya-ropa rechiJudha chairo Utachiona

The kweropa Hurongwa nhengo mu shiri kuramba kuwedzera kunzwisisa uye akanatswa. mwoyo yavo iri zvachose Quad. Uyezve, vaviri riparadzirwe arterial ropa haana mixes pamwe venous ropa. Naizvozvo muviri mune shiri zvikuru nyanyisa: tembiricha muviri rinosvika 40-42 ° C, mwoyo yevanhu neeSultan kubva 140 kusvika 500 anorova paminiti, zvichienderana kukura mumuviri shiri yacho. Pulmonary kuparadzirwa inonzi pulmonary munorwira venous ropa kubva kurudyi ventricle kuti mapapu, ipapo mumwe arterial ropa mupfumi oxygen runoyerera kupinda atrium kuruboshwe. Systemic kuparadzirwa rinotanga kubva ventricle rworuboshwe, ropa zvino anopinda dorsal yeropa, uye kare mariri kuburikidza arteries - zvose Zvitunha shiri.

Kufamba kweropa kuburikidza nhumbi dziri mhuka

Seshiri, mhuka dziri ushamwari-ropa rechiJudha chairo, kana homeothermic zvinenge. Mazuva ano fauna of hune pakutanga tichitarisa kuchinja uye zvakasikwa zvakawanda, izvo ndiko kunonyanya kukonzerwa muviri wavo tembiricha pasinei yakapoteredza kwezvakatipoteredza. , The kweropa nyika mhuka, ndiwo musimboti mutumbi mana chambered moyo akakwana vakarongeka vascular hurongwa: arteries, mutsinga uye capillaries. Kufamba kweropa kuitwa maviri wechiGeorgian. Blood mumoyo hakuna yakavhenganiswa; kuruboshwe divi kunoita arterial, uye kodzero - venous.

Saka, kweropa maitiro nhengo mu placental mhuka inopa uye anoramba kuramba womukati ezvinhu muviri, kureva homeostasis.

The kweropa Tsika dzevanhu nhengo

Nokuda kuti munhu ndohwaJehovha mukirasi mhuka, mukuru zano anatomical marongerwo uye kushanda vasiri hurongwa, uye zvakafanana zvokuti mhuka. Nepo achifamba vakarurama nechokuita chaizvo zvechiratidzo muviri womunhu maumbirwo vachiri akasiya chaicho rupawo pamusoro zvigadziriswe ropa kutenderera.

The kweropa hurongwa mitumbi yevanhu rinoumbwa maviri Four-yokuvata mwoyo uye kufamba kweropa, zviduku, kuti vaionekwa muzana remakore rechi17 pedyo Chirungu musayendisiti William Harvey. Zvikuru kukosha iropa nerubatsiro nhengo dzakavandika dzevanhu, kufanana uropi, itsvo uye chiropa.

The mira nzvimbo yemuviri neropa riyerere kune pelvic zvomukati

Man - chete chisikwa iri boka mhuka, ane nhengo dzomukati vari chakatsindirwa wake uremu pane rusvingo abdominal, ezasi muzvidimbu bhanhire, ina sandara mapfupa pelvic. The kweropa hurongwa pelvic arteries hunomiririrwa nehurongwa akakodzera kubva vanhuwo iliac tsinga. Izvi unongova womukati iliac tsinga rinounza okisijeni uye zvinovaka muviri kune pelvic zvomukati; asi mugaranhoko, dundira, nhengo dzakavandika, kweprostate gland nevanhu. Kamwe ari mumasero yemiviri izvi zvichiitika uye arterial ropa gasi Exchange uyewo venous, midziyo - iri iliac tsinga - dzinoyerera munzvimbo muduku vena cava akatakura ropa zvakarurama atrium, apo painoguma ari systemic riparadzirwe.

Zvakakodzera kufunga kuti vose pelvic zvomukati vari dzidzo yakakura zvakakwana, uye vari munzvimbo ine duku Vhoriyamu muviri mhango, iyo kunowanzokonzera anoteyiwa midziyo ropa kuti zvokudya miviri iyi. Kazhinji kunoitika nokuda kwenguva refu ndakagara basa, umo kweropa kuputswa mugaranhoko, dundira uye dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri. Izvi zvinotungamirira kurega kunotanga, vakamutsa shungu noutachiona uye kuzvimba mavari.

Ropa wedzerai sikarudzi munhu

Kuona zvinoitwa nenzira zvinoitwa epurasitiki uye simba Exchange zvese muviri wedu sangano, kubva samolecular uye organismic okugadziridza anoita kweropa hurongwa mitumbi yevanhu. Pelvic zvomukati, izvo zvinosanganisira sikarudzi, perfused, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kubva uchiburuka yeropa, anoendazve kubva ventral rami. The kweropa ezvinhu vakaumba midziyo yokubereka hurongwa, achivimbisa kugoverwa zvinovaka muviri, okisijeni uye kubvisa carbon dioxide inobvisa nezvimwe metabolic zvigadzirwa.

Male gonads - the testes umo vachikura dzisingaoneki, - kuwana arterial ropa kubva testicular arteries, kuvakoka kubva abdominal yeropa, uye venous water drainage ropa akatakurwa testicular tsinga, mumwe icho - akasiya - merges pamwe kuruboshwe renal tsinga uye kodzero anopinda zvakananga kupinda pasi vena cava. Yemukomana iri yaipiwa nemidziyo ropa anomuitira kubva nechomukati pudendal tsinga: yacho urethral, musana, hanyanisi uye zvakadzika arteries. ropa kuyerera venous kubva munyama pakati yemukomana anotipa kupfuura mudziyo - yakadzika shure Vienna, iro ropa inofamba kune urogenital venous plexus chokuita isinganaki vena cava.

Blood nerubatsiro nhengo dzokubereka cheka rinoitwa arterial hurongwa. Saka crotch anogamuchira ropa kubva nechomukati pudendal tsinga, bazi iri dumbu iri yaipiwa neropa iliac tsinga, akadana mai, uye ovaries anopiwa neropa kubva abdominal yeropa. Kusiyana mukono dzokubereka nadzo mune mukadzi dzakabudirira chaizvo venous vascular network, interconnected Matandira - anastomosis. Venous ropa kuyerera ovarian tsinga dziri muduku vena cava, iyo zvino runoyerera kupinda zvakanaka atrium.

Munyaya ino takurukura muudzame kukura vascular mugadziriro nhengo mhuka uye munhu, kupa muviri pamwe okisijeni uye zvinovaka muviri zvinodiwa rutsigiro upenyu.