The musoro kushanda pfungwa. Operation uye zveko

Uropi hwomunhu - kunzwisisa mamiriro asati zvizere kudzidza. Tinoshandisa zvishomanana kwayo mukana zvishoma nezvishoma kuvandudzika uye dzimwe nguva haana kuedza kuvhura mikana mitsva pachavo. Asi kunyange ichi chikamu chiduku chebasa huru mutumbi nechepakati tsinga chinokushamisa wayo oma mashandiro: mukushanda pfungwa, marudzi ayo uye kuratidzwa vanhu vose vari zvakasiyana, panguva iyoyowo nokuteerera mitemo akadaro inotungamirwa.

kuenzanisa

Izvi oparesheni nyore zvatinoita zuva nezuva, pasina kunyange ndaona. Pashure pezvose, kuva pfungwa pamusoro penyaya, isu nevamwe yayo huru maitiro mupfungwa, kuzivisisa navo uye musoro. Somuenzaniso, kunzwisisa chikonzero ane kundikana kubvunzurudzwa, wenhau kunoratidzwa chii chave, pasi chii ezvinhu akanyorwa zvinhu ake. Yavaive nguva iyi iri nguva dzose chokuita kuziva dambudziko, nokuenzanisa pamwe nemamwe mabasa vanobudirira zvikuru.

The musoro mashandiro pfungwa, tinofanira kutanga kushandisa kunyange kubva paucheche. Kuushandisawo kushandisa mwana, achangozvarwa. On zvimwe chikonzero - inzwi, kunhuwidza, murove - mupepa mai nevamwe vanhu.

Achienzanisa zvinhu uye mananara, isu kuti mhedziso pamusoro kusawirirana kwavo uye zvakafanana, musiyano uye kuzivikanwa. Somugumisiro, tiri nani kupfuura isu kunzwisisa nyika yakatipoteredza. akafunga vatinodzidzisa kutanga kushandiswa. Somuenzaniso, kuenzanisa kubvunzurudza reportage, nhau vadzidzi anosarudza hunhu uye chimiro nerimwe Genres izvi, izvo zvinoita kuti kuvaparadzanisa munguva yemberi, kusiyanisa uye tinobereka.

abstraction

Main akavhiyiwa zvinosanganisira mafungiro uye mashandiro uropi, nokuda iyo munhu haagoni chete sarudza mumwe maitiro uye zvivako zviri mananara uye zvinhu, asi kugona navo chaihwoihwo. Zvichienderana pfungwa abstraction aumbwa. Somuenzaniso, tose tinoziva kuti zvokudya anotipa simba uye utano. Nemhaka nezuva kudyiwa nyama, mukaka uye zviyo, tinorarama, kufamba, basa. Main zvokudya - saturation uye mumisasa muviri anodiwa muviri. Abstracting kubva pfungwa "zvokudya", tiri kutaura nezvokudiwa kugutsa wako nzara, kare isu kureva chikafu, kunyange kutaura zita ravo.

Abstraction kunobatsira munhu kuti asimbise musoro kubatana pakati zvinhu. Kungomhanyira zvakadzama ichi kana kuti Chiitiko, tinoona chaizvoizvo kwayo, chinangwa, negwara uye basa. Abstraction kunobatsira munhu afunge pamwe, holistically, achiafungisisa uye inferences. Operations uye mafungiro nezvimiro zvakadai kuenzanisa uye abstraction, kukurudzira cognition chokwadi.

kungotaurawo

basa iri kwouropi hwedu wakada kufanana yapfuura mumwe, pamwe chete ivo achinje mafungiro edu. Mental kushandiswa, abstraction uye kungotaurawo vanobvumira munhu yekucherechedza zvakamupoteredza isu inobva unhu. The mhando pfungwa basa yokutanga chinosiyanisa chimwe chinhu pfuma, tsika naye chete. On hwaro ichi, isu tati, chii chiri mungozi. Asi, kungotaurawo - ariwo pfuma, asi maitire kwete chete nokuda Fani iyi, asiwo vamwe. Somuenzaniso, nokuti Ranwa murwi kwese hasha. Tinopa munhu tsanangudzo knockout kare pahwaro ruzivo yedu pamusoro hasha kuti isu akaumba munguva dzimwe upenyu ezvinhu: kana vachiokera bhora zvirongwa pamusoro nyoka, kunzwa mhepo mumugwagwa.

Kureva, takadzidza kuti hasha dzakadaro, wakati vakaongorora zvose zvinoitwa izvi zvakavapo. Takakwanisa kuona kuti ichi chinhu muitiro kuti kunoitika panguva nokukurumidza uye hwakasimba rova. uyu mashandiro chete zvinoratidzwa dzedu yose musimboti wenyika Chiitiko: iri wetsiva akakundwa knockout anouya tinoonga kuti tinoshandisa ake aikwikwidza.

kongiri tsananguro

Chimwe pfuma uropi chokuita abstraction. Concretization - yayo chaiyo akatarisana. Kana pane imwe mugumo rutanda, tiri abstraction uye kungotaurawo, pane dzimwe - Specification. Aimbova zvinogona nomumwe, wechipiri kunoitika zvose. In yedzidzo muitiro pasi concretization achireva muenzaniso chaiwo yakatarwa chinzvimbo.

Kunyatso nzisisa chokwadi, tinofanira kukwanisa mukudzidzire dzose azvaiitwa. Pashure pezvose, haabvumiri Specification yebasa pfungwa kuenda kure yacho kana basa. Ukafungisisa Chiitiko kana chiitiko, isu zvakajeka kunzwisisa chaizvo yavo. Pasina chaiyo ose ruzivo vakawana kuramba pachena, zvisiri, uye saka maturo. Somuenzaniso, kushandisa dzidziso kuparadzana mvura doro, hatizombofi kunyatsonzwisisa musimboti acho, kusvikira avo ndakachenjera havaoni chii chaizvo chinoitika panguva chiito ichi. Brain rinowedzera kutsanangura zvose ruzivo runowanikwa tichibatsirwa kuona, kubata uye kunhuwidza. Murume kunowanzoita chokwadi kuti nyama iri kana kuti chiitiko.

kuongorora

Man akashandisa ose zuva uyewo mamwe kwomudzimu mafungiro. Uyu yoga pfuma uropi kana uchiora muruoko yayo constituent chinonakidza kana chinhu. Ichi kupesana chaizvoizvo, dismantling panguva akadzama. Somuenzaniso, achimhanya mutambi. Mupfungwa anogona kuziva zvakadai nyaya sezvo kutanga, iye kumhanya uye painoperera. Izvi uchava kuongorora kwacho mabasa.

Nokuongorora zvakadzama uye zvose, tinogona kutaura kuti tinoshandisa pakutanga, kumhanya kufamba ane mutambi, tinakidzwe kufema. zvinoriumba izvi zvinosanganisirwawo zvizere rinonzi "Mhanyai." By chokuongorora, isu zvikuru kuziva nyika kuti tichigara. Zvechokwadi, panguva muitiro uyu mafungiro isu kusarudza havasi chero mitezo, asi avo vane yo mumwe chinoshamisa chete. Panguva iyoyo run, vanhu mafungu siyana ake, ane facial yakasiyana mashoko. Asi uchava concretization ane mutambi, kwete run. Chete vanofanira govera zvinhu zvinokosha kuti chinhu chimwe nechimwe kana chinoshamisa.

kwetunhu

Ichi pfungwa basa, zvakasiyana kuongorora. Tichibatsirwa kubatana kwetunhu, isu, nekusiyana, maduramazwi zvinoriumba ndiyo zvizere zviri kuitika. Rinotipa mukana kusikazve zviitiko yakavakirwa zvimwe zvinhu. Man anowana pfungwa yose zviri kuitika kubva siyana nhengo. Izvi sei kuunganidza Puzzles: iwe kutsiva mumwe kana mumwe chikamu anozendama akawandisa, inofanira akabatanidzwa.

Basic kushanda kufunga zvakadai ongororo uye kwetunhu, nguva dzose kuvhara pamwechete. Chete zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti hapana izvi pfungwa hakuiti nesimba nokuti vanokosha zvose. Ongororo ose kunosanganisa kwetunhu ndiEzekieri. Wakatsanangurwa zvinesimba muenzaniso kwetunhu mhosva kuongorora. The dzendege Unovunganidza chokwadi, ongorora uchapupu, yekutaura vanhu, anoratidza mupfungwa hochekoche zviitiko uye mabasa kusvika yemubvunzo iye, kana uye nei akaputsa mutemo. ivo kusika munhu coherent mufananidzo utsotsi rine vakawanda diki, vaiita duku okunze. Oga, vane sedzisingakoshi, asi akatorwa pamwe chete vanogona kuchinja nzira zvimwe zviitiko.

zveko

Mental basa munhu ane mamwe kuonekwa. Somuenzaniso, zviri nezvezvikwata matatu, chimwe nechimwe zvinobatsira muchidimbu uye panguva imwecheteyo kutaridzwa kunze nyika:

1. Active kufunga, kwakavakirwa zvakananga maonero zvinhu. It zvinoitika muchikamu tsika. Ndiwo hwaro mamwe marudzi ose mafungiro.
2. Zvakaumba. Murume uyu nyaya kunobva zvifananidzo, zvokufungidzira uye maonero.
3. Abstract zvisingarambiki. Richiwanika munguva yavaive ukama uye zvivako wacho midziyo uye anotora chimiro pfungwa uye zvisiri pachena.

Ose mafungiro uye remapazi chokuita mumwe, tinogona kutaura, vari dzakarukwa kuva chete chimwe. Somuenzaniso, muna rondedzero chete munhau mashoko yakavakirwa zvifananidzo uye recreate mupfungwa mifananidzo ane nekupedza inobva iverengwe kana kunzwa mashoko. kufunga mashandiro ukuwo anotora rutivi acho, zvichiita pachavo kuti mumwe munhu. Nokuda mhando dzakasiyana mabasa mupfungwa tisati tavhura mutsva jengachenga zivo.

Marudzi basa kwepfungwa

Pfungwa ose tinofunga harisi kugutsikana chete, asiwo chokunze nevamwe. Izvozvo zvinokosha kushanda mafungiro munogara anoratidzwa mune mamwe fomu:

• Concept. Zvinoratidza hunhu, zvivako zvinhu uye mananara vavo ukama. Panguva iyoyowo pfungwa dziri kongiri uye zvisiri, rwevanhu uye woga.
• Kutongwa. Kunoratidza kuti nokumunyima kana kufarirwa chinhu. Zvinoratidza ukama pakati zviitiko uye zvakavapo. Kutonga ndezvechokwadi kana nhema.
• Inference. Ndicho chete nomuongorori mune nhamba kwokutonga. Inference inogona inductive (inference kubva yakananga kune general) uye deductive (kubva General chaicho).

Operation uye zveko - nzira chikuru muchinzwisisa uye kunzwisisa nyika. Pasina zvakaoma basa hwomunhu vangadai vakagara, "miriwo", havakwanisi kufunga, kufungidzira, kunzwa, kufamba. Chokwadi, ichi haiiti mukana "vachena nyaya". With kukura uye kuvandudzika yaro yemberi inobvira kuzarurwa dzinowanika, nezvimiro uye kufunga kushandiswa.