Types mafungiro. Ndichifunga nemaziso-kunobudirira - zviri ...

Kufunga, sezvo kunzwisisa basa kufungisisa uye ruzivo chokwadi itsime ruzivo mutsva, munhu akadaro haagoni kuwana zvakananga ruzivo. mafungiro Modern, kukwanisa kugadzirisa mabasa akaoma uye kugadzirisa zvisiri pachena, vakapfuura refu nzira inotungamirwa. Ndichifunga nemaziso-inobudirira - Ndiyo majini, tanga padariro kwayo kukura.

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Uropi hwomunhu nguva dzose anogamuchira kubva kunze kwenyika uye rinopindura ine mashoko akawandisa. kugadzira ichi kunoitika sokunge zviviri nhanho: pachiyero yakananga kutsinga dzinouya cognition (kunzwa uye maonero) uye panguva padanho mafungiro.

Kubva nyore kutsinga dzinouya maonero mafungiro chinosiyanisa zvisina kunanga. "Murevereri" mumafungiro muitiro unogona kushumira zvifananidzo (kutarisana, auditory, tactile, etc ...) Uye zviratidzo - mashoko uye pfungwa.

Visual-basa mafungiro - chinhu pachangu mhando zvishande kwacho, umo se "vanozoshanda" akashandisa vanovengwa zvinhu zvenyika. Izvi kwayo musiyano Qualitative nevamwe marudzi mafungiro. Mafungiro aya anonziwo ari sensorimotor, zvichiratidza saka ukama ayo kutsinga dzinouya uye motokari dzine.

The soro pamwero mafungiro munyaya chaihwoihwo pfungwa, Conceptual ndiro husingaoneki zvakasikwa. Asi kwete, kunyange azvakaita dzakabudirira munhu haafungi chete nemashoko-pfungwa. Pfungwa cognition chaicho kunofanira kusanganisira mifananidzo, uyezve, okusika muitiro rwakabatana spatial Visualization mano.

Somugumisiro, mune hana murume ano nguva dzose kuwirirana marudzi maviri mafungiro: husingaoneki uye spatial Visualization okufunga. Visual-inoshanda, zvingaita sokuti, inoramba sidelined. Kana hazvishandi nezvaanoita pfungwa upenyu mukuru?

Features sensorimotor mafungiro

Chokutanga, zviri hwakada chokuita basa uye zvaisanganisira zvakananga mashandiro pamwe zvinhu, somugumisiro iyo munhu vatendeuka dzavo, rinobatanidza pakusika zvinhu zvitsva.

Chechipiri, ziso-kushingaira mafungiro - chaiyo mafungiro, izvozvo chete chinoitika kana kuchinja zvinhu uye rinobvumira here kuti pfungwa chete zviito kongiri. Kusiyana naye, uye zvisiri, uye zvakajeka serin'i hadzioneki zvakasikwa. Vanobvumira munhu kusiya pfungwa dzake pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu umo zviri kupa zvinhu, pari vasiri aripo, kurota uye kuronga mabasa.

Chechitatu, ziso-basa mafungiro - chinhu ezvinhu zvishande kwacho. Uyai vanhu mhiri zvikuru mamiriro ezvinhu hahungangovi. Mafungiro aya "pano uye zvino". Zvinoita sokuti shoma, aparidze chete ezvinhu umo kune munhu.

The akawanda ekare muchimiro kunzwisisa nyika

Sensorimotor mafungiro kuchine madzitateguru edu kure chaizvo. Paleopsihologi vanodavira kuti zvavainazvo yakasarira vanhu, uye dzinongoita kwatemwa pfungwa basa iri shure avanhu, kunyange XIX remakore, riri padariro chinyakare munzanga. Somuenzaniso, ethnographers (M. Wertheimer, R. Thurnwald), ichirondedzera mafungiro savages, yakati kuti havakwanisi husingaoneki nhoroondo. Kwavari zvakanga zvakakosha kuziva zvinhu zvinofanira kufungwa. Mabheya zvinogona kuverengwa zvidimbu 6 chete, sezvo munhu anenge asingakwanisi kuona zvose mhuka panguva imwe chete. Asi mhou anogona kunzi 60.

Ndokusaka mutauro vakawanda zvekare marudzi asina mukuru pfungwa, asi pakanga paine mashoko anoratidza kongiri zvinhu, zviito, inoti. K. Levy-Bruhl, yaidzidza yakasarira mafungiro, kuverengwa mumutauro mumwe 33 African dzedzinza shoko kufamba. Verbs vanochinjwa zvichienderana ndiani, apo, uyo uye chii anoenda.

Ndichifunga nemaziso-kunobudirira - ichi rudzi "predmyshlenie" kuti zviripo wokugaya muchimiro kwemhuka. Mukutanga XX remakore, kudzidza maitiro chimupanze, inoitiswa kwepfungwa wokuGermany W. Koehler, vakaratidza kuti netsoko vanokwanisa vari nedanho kuchinja zvinhu kugadzirisa nyore mupfungwa mabasa.

Baby mafungiro

Most zvakajeka uye zvakajeka zvinoratidza ichi yezivo mhando chaicho chinogona kuonekwa vana kusvika 3 years. mafufu kwakadaro kufunga zvakajeka-kunobudirira - iri mutambo. All dzavo mupfungwa mabasa munguva kuchinja zvinhu. Basic kushanda kwepfungwa riwanikwe mwana, asi chete somunhu chakatanga kuitwa.

Heinoi mbudzana pamwechete kutsva anoongorora imba, chete yakavakwa kubva cubes mai. Hazvina zvakafanira kugumbuka here, nekuti ndizvo saka mwana anoongororwa - the dismemberment yose kupinda yoga okunze.

Ipapo mbudzana anoenda kuburikidza kutigumbura - rinofananidza kwavari, anosarudza misi, nokukanda kubva ake nemaonero, basa. Kuenzanisa uku, uye pashure dzokai anouya uye zvikuru kunzwisisa pfungwa kushandiswa - kwetunhu. Mwana anotanga kuvaka, kukwidza sokuti chinhu chakadaro nhamba.

Magadzirirwo iri kukura, pamwe nerimwe kuutio kwava yepamusorosoro. Kid kufarira anotarira nayo, uye pane imwe nguva anoti nomufaro: "Iyi ndiyo shongwe! Amai, tarirai, ini akavaka shongwe! ". Achienzanisa mamiriro avo aripo mupfungwa dzake, mwana akaita zvavo hwokushanda uye akagumisa.

Ichi duku anofunga, asi achifunga achiri pachena-kubudirire, vasingasiyani kubva chinhu, munhu "Chinyorwa" mabasa. Saka, zvakakodzera mwana deconstructed uye reconstructed matoyi, nokuti mutambo navo ndiko kukura kutarisana-motokari mafungiro.

Inotungamirwa kufunga muvana

Vachikorovhera zvinhu siyana, mwana anodzidza kumisa Links pakati pavo kuti govera zvavo zviduku nezvikuru unhu. Asi chinonyanya kukosha - rinochengeta zvifananidzo kamwe mabasa akaita obva anodzishandisa kusangana nezvinetso zvitsva. Saka anotanga paumbwe dzimwe kunzwisisa, kufunga.

Sensorimotor Kufunga hachisi chinangwa chete, asiwo mupfungwa. Kushamisa mutsva, akasikwa pazvibato zvaro, nokushatiriswa kubva vakatadza chiito uye mufaro, kana zvichibvira kuita zvinodiwa mugumisiro - zvose kuti Anopfumisa uye anovandudza nyika chomukati mwana.

Basa sensorimotor mafungiro ari psyche yazvino akura

The psyche womunhu mumwe, uyewo nzira chete nemafungiro uye nevamwe kubva muitiro rinopindirana ichi chero mhando hazviiti. Mumwe nemumwe wavo zvinokosha uye anoita mashandiro.

Asi kazhinji izvi kana kuti munhu ari makawanda verimwe mhando mafungiro. Nokuti vanhu rokusika, vaoni dzinoratidzwa mafungiro zvikuru okusika. Zvino mathematicians uye nezvoupfumi dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira azvipire Conceptual mafungiro.

Vanhu vane predominance kuti kutsinga dzinouya-gwenya mafungiro uyewo kuitika. Ndivo vakanzi vanoti kuti vane maoko yendarama. Wizard "kuna Mwari" kuti anogona, pasina kuziva chinhu pamusoro pemisimboti kushanda ane mashandiro aunwe oga kwakagadzirwa reassembled, uye kunyange nani paungano kwacho.

tinogona kutaura kuti chaihwoihwo uye okusika kukosha siyana kufunga? Visual-Zvinokoshawo munhu, izvozvo kuitwawo zvose, zvinhu chiito. Pasina izvozvo, kana kuti kuzvigadzirira ari mufurati, hapana Kusakura ruva mubhedha mubindu, kana kubatanidza chivharo. Kunyange muto pasina izvozvo achifunga hazvibviri weld.

Anobva somwana, sensorimotor mafungiro achiri pane chinyakare sandara, uye kukudziridza saizvozvo sezvo dzimwe mhando zvishande basa.