The nenzvimbo nzvimbo Urals: chaizvo uye peculiarities

Maererano enisaikoropidhiya, Mountains Ural uri hurongwa runoparadzanisa East European uye West Siberian mapani. Kureba kwazvo makiromita 2,000, uye maererano zvimwe zvinyorwa, zviri kunyange kupfuura 2500? Km (Mugodzhary rakapiwa neeSultan zasi uye Pai-Khối kuchamhembe). Upamhi wemakomo eJudhiya ndiyo 40-200? Km.

General unhu

The Mountains Ural ndezvimwe zvezvisarudzo ekare panyika. Ndokusaka vari kudzika kupfuura eAndes kana Tibet. Age Urals ane anopfuura mamiriyoni 600 nemakore. Panguva iyi asi yakareba achifuridzirwa mvura, mhepo uye Madhaka anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri vakanga chezvematongerwe kuparadzwa. The nenzvimbo nzvimbo Urals wakananga chaizvo kuti enyika uye zvoupfumi pfungwa maonero. Asi zvakawanda pamusoro pazasi. Nzvimbo iri akafuma kwazvo zvicherwa, zvinowanikwa deposits hwemhangura, titanium, magnesium, mafuta, marasha, bauxite, uye vamwe. In yose, kune anenge makumi matanhatu nyanzvi kushora ores uye zvicherwa.

History yakawanikwa

Maererano pamutemo nhoroondo, Mountains Ural dzakafukunurwa dzekare. Panguva iyoyowo, masayendisiti anoreva zvinyorwa pamusoro pavo nechiGiriki mumagwaro. Ivo vanotaura pamakomo Rhipaean (kana Riphaeus) Imaus uye Hyperborean. Nhasi hazvibviri kuziva chikamu Urals masayendisiti vanoti Roma uye yekare Greece, nekuti rondedzero dzavo achiwanza dzakarukwa siyana rengano, ngano, uye kunyange ngano chaidzo. Ivo pachavo havasati kunzvimbo idzi, asi akanzwa nezvazvo achibva mumuromo yechitatu. Zvisinei, kana uchitenda ngano dzavanhu vanogara Urals, vanhu vakagara mundima iyi refu asati kuwedzera Greece yekare. Gare gare Arab mabhuku nezvoUmambo nyika Yugra, apo vanhu vanorarama Jurassic. Uyewo ari Urals masayendisiti vanoti Rondedzero nyika dzakadai Bulgaria, Visa, Yajuji, Ma'jooj nevamwe. In zvose Arab mabhuku vanoti mundima idzi yaigarwa anotyisa chaizvo vanhu, saka vari dzisisngaoni vafambi. Mukuwedzera, ivo vanotaurawo kwoutsinye kwazara munyika idzi, iro rinogona nokududzirwawo nyasha Urals. Zvisinei, pasinei nezveizvi, muArabhia vatengesi vakadirana pano sezvinoita nhunzi kuti uchi, uye izvi imhaka nekuwanda furs, uyewo munyu. zvigadzirwa izvi zvinogona kunzi chikuru mari kuMiddle Ages, vakanga ambotaurwa mabwe hapana zvishoma anokosha uye nendarama. zvinyorwa Russian vanoti, sezvo 12-13 emakore, nzvimbo idzi dzaiva mapiyona edu, uyo akapa zita mugomo ibwe womunharaunda. Asi kubva muzana remakore rechi17 nechiedza ruoko V. Tatishchev vanozivikanwa sezvo Urals.

Europe kana Asia

Zvino ngatitarise ndedzipiko nenzvimbo nzvimbo Urals. muhomba uyu ndiye kwakajairika muganhu pakati Europe uye Asia, mbiri zvivako pakukura goko paNyika, uyewo kupfuura Freshwater madziva. The nenzvimbo nzvimbo Urals rakanyatsosiyana nemamwe, unogona kuenzaniswa Great Wall of China, chete rusvingo urwu yakaitwa zvisikwa. Iye akaparadzanisa vanhu kurwisana tsika: okumabvazuva uye vokumadokero mentalities. Kunyange zvazvo muchiitiko ichi zvakaoma kusarudza yakauya pakutanga. Kana "keteni ibwe" vakanyarara akabvumira vanorima maviri, ichivadzivirira kubva mumwe, kana zvose vanhu vakashandisa kuva nhoroondo zvakafanana uye tsika dzouzivi, uye akazotevera kondinendi European akanga pasi kunze simba, uye tichaona achinja zvose. tsika All hwaJobho hwachinja: chena yakanga vatema uye vatema - chena ... In iyi, mukuru nerogi akaponesa Oriental vanhu kubva muvengi kwokunze nokuti nguva yokuva. Zvisinei, munyika kudyidzana nyika, hapana dombo chipingamupinyi haangaiti kumisa "democratic tsika" uye liberalism zvavakatemerwa ne European tsika. Sezvazvaiva inoti iri ziviso? Kana musingadi kushandisa upfu "Vandaag," ipapo isu kuenda nemi? .. Sezvaungaona, anoshamisa nzvimbo yomugariro wacho Urals haisi chete enyika uye zvoupfumi background, asiwo tsika.

paucheche marudzi

Ural nharaunda nokuwanda maguta, vakawanda, uyewo simba zvoupfumi zvino vaiona wechipiri chete kune Central. The nenzvimbo nzvimbo Urals pave kuti yava dzinongoitika kwekumaodzanyemba kuti mafungu dzakawanda dzinotama. Saka, vatsvakurudzi Russian, kutama kumabvazuva, vachiedza kutsvaka yakaderera-nhema dzinodiwa nyore pemipata mu "Stone Belt" uye inowanzorimwa vanhu kubva yokuAsia chikamu kondinendi, ichitsvaka kumavirira uye atarisana ichi yepanyama chipingamupinyi kuti aifanira kuenda kumativi kubva kumaodzanyemba. Uye vazhinji vavo kunyange vakagara mujinga Makomo Ural. Izvi anotsanangura kusiyana kwemarudzi ose nharaunda. Urals akava paucheche nokuda vemarudzi mazhinji. Hazvina kubva zvose pamusoro North Eurasia vakapararira marudzi ose Ural-Yukaghir mutauro mhuri. Nhasi hunodzorwa Russian kwevanhu - 80%, asi ari Ural nharaunda ndiyewo kumusha Bashkirs, Tatars, Udmurt, Chuvash, Mordovian, Mari, Komi-Permian, uye vamwe.

Tarira pamepu

Economic uye nenzvimbo mamiriro ezvinhu Urals rakasiyana nemamwe, sezvo riri pamuganhu zvoupfumi (European) chikamu kondinendi uye yakatsvuka zvinhu (kumabvazuva). Somugumisiro, nharaunda iri angapingirishwa website migwagwa, njanji, mapaipi uye simba nemitsetse. migwagwa zvose izvi kubatanidza Urals pamwe Volga nharaunda, kuti Volga-Vyatka uye West Siberian kumatunhu nyika yedu, uye pamwe Kazakhstan. Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti nzvimbo Makomo Ural uye Ural nharaunda harisi chaizvo chete. Ngationei kuti chii chinofanira kunzwisiswa. Somuenzaniso, gomo yemakomo Subpolar uye Polar nharaunda haana kuiswawo kwaro sezvamunoita, asi kwete saka pamusoro Piedmont pamapani Urals (ndiyo kumabvazuva kumucheto East European Plain) uye Trans (kumadokero pamucheto West Siberian Plain).

All-Russian smithy

Ural nderimwe mukuru nzvimbo yemigodhi indasitiri yedu. Hazvishamisi, nokuti pane deposits anokosha uye Semi-anokosha, alexandrite uye Tria Rose, garnets uye nesafiro, esimaragidhino uye anokosha, topazi nedombo rekristaro, malachite nejedhi. Mawere kumabvazuva Makomo Ural, ayo anomiririrwa igneous matombo, akafuma kwazvo zvakasiyana esimbi zvicherwa. Saka, nemhaka kusango vasiri ferrous uye ferrous simbi dziri pawned uye vakava indasitiri yacho Urals. Copper, simbi, chromium, nickel, cobalt, aruminiyamu, zingi mhangura, Platinum, ndarama - haisi gurupu rwokuzvarwa larder, kusimbiswa mumakomo aya. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti munharaunda yakakura Ural muhomba inogona muzvikamu shanu. Ngationgororei zvishoma mumwe wavo.

The nenzvimbo nzvimbo Polar Urals

Chikamu ichi kwegomo siyana iri muna Yamalo-Nenets zvionera Okrug uye Komi Republic. Muganhu kumatunhu ichipfuura huru kamura, iyo akaparadzaniswa madziva Ob (kumabvazuva) uye Pechora (kumavirira). MuStoke hwokumusoro dzakatenuka nhoroondo Baidarata Bay Arctic Ocean. Muna Polar Urals iri hunodzorwa neeSultan gomo ane kukwirira 800-1200 m, uye panhongonya dzawo (Mount Payer) kusvika 1,500 m. Kutaura zvazviri, ayo mavambo, nzvimbo iyi anotora pasi pemisoro Konstantinov Kamen (zvachose 492 m). makomo anowedzera zvikuru mune southerly divi - kusvika 1350 M Maximum kukwirira nezvemabatiro kumaodzanyemba (anenge 65 ° N ..), pane rinobuda kumusoro People (1894 m.) - iri yakakwirira yose Urals.

Pamwe chete Latitude Polar Ural yekudyidzana kuwedzerwa - kusvika 125 km - nokuparurwa akakwidzwa 5-6 inofambirana anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri. Kumaodzanyemba nzvimbo iyi kure kumavirira nenzira iri Pechora yakatamira Saber wemakomo eJudhiya (1425 m).

Polar Urals

Kutanga kubva nzvimbo mumitsetse Saber uye inoguma vertex Konzhakovskiy Kamen, kukwirira chiri 1569 m. The yose mugove ichi kunosvika chaizvo achitevedza Meridian kusvika 59 °. W., iyo anosarudza nenzvimbo nzvimbo yaro. Polar Urals ine longitudinal anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri achinyanya vaviri. East ari Watershed, inozivikanwa se Poyasovoy Stone. West Ridge anozivikanwa nokuda maviri misoro gomo Telpos-Out, kana paDombo Mhepo. kukwirira kwayo kuri 1617 m. Zvikwenzi landforms ari Polar Urals havasi zvakajairika, vakawanda nenhongonya ane nzvimbo chimiro.

The nenzvimbo nzvimbo Middle Urals

nzvimbo iyi kunoratidzwa rakadzika twi. It nhema pakati 59 uye 56 madhigirii North Latitude. Kunyatsoteerera kumaodzanyemba tatamuka pamusoro bhandi gomo kuchatsiviwa rwezasi-kumabvazuva. Pamwechete South, Sredniy Ural hofori unoumba munhu chinhu chakakombama pamwe convex divi rakatarira kumabvazuva, uye dzinenge dziine Ufimskoe rwenze (Eastern Russian protrusion papuratifomu). muganhu wayo wokumusoro vanoonekwa makomo Konzhakovsky Stone uye Kosvinsky Kamen, uye kumaodzanyemba - gomo Utah (kuChelyabinsk nharaunda). Paavhareji, kukwirira yavo hakuiti pfuura 800 metres. Kubva kumavirira kumakomo kuMiddle Urals yakabatana nemumakomo Urals. In ichi climatically zvakanaka munharaunda munhu kupfuura Polar. Pano kwenguva uye inodziya yechirimo. Paavhareji tembiricha iri July pamapani ose 16-18 °. Rutsoka makomo kuchamhembe rakafukidza kumaodzanyemba taiga, uye kumaodzanyemba - musango-inowanzorimwa.

Yuzhnyy Ural

The peculiarity mudunhu iri kuti pano makomo akakura yekudyidzana zvakare. Somuenzaniso, pamusoro Iremel achisimuka 1582 m, uye kukwirira Yamanatau - ra1640 mamita Geographical South Ural vanosanganisira Ridge zvinobva kumusoro jurmala rwokumusoro Latitude uye asiwo mugove. Of Ural River zasi. Kupatsanura muhomba Uraltau zvakachinja kuva easterly mirayiridzo. Pano kudzora pakati ruyamuro mhando. Kumabvazuva axial mugove zvinoenda Zauralskaya, uye curved bani yakaderera. Okunze inodziya kupfuura pakati. Summer chaoma with hot mhepo. Paavhareji tembiricha iri July pamapani ose 20-22 °.

In mhedziso

Specificity of nzvimbo yomugariro wacho Urals ndechokuti riri kumuganhu Asian uye European zvikamu nyika yedu. Uyezve, zvimwe ari Geological kukura muhomba uyu zvakakanganisa chaizvo kupfuma waro chicherwa mari. A Kazhinji, dzemakomo vematunhu, mutsauko okumabvazuva uye vokumadokero zvikamu Urals, dzakasiyana zvataurwa zvoupfumi munharaunda iyi kwazvo kusiyana zveupfumi uye rwokuzvarwa nzvimbo nzvimbo.