The nzvimbo Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan - nzvimbo panyika zvatariswa uye zvinoitwa munyika

Kazakhstan ndiyo nyika inozivikanwa ukuru gomo twi, inoshamisa mumarenje, nekabhunakeri makungwa, nemamwe mhuka uye chirimwa nyika. Kuti chete ndiye kumbotaura chinhu ekare, unomedurirwa nyika iyi. Pane yagara inogarwa nemadzinza anongofamba. Uyu apo nhema mugove chikuru Great Silk Road. Saka chii hwakazara zvinoshamisa uye rakasiyana Kazakhstan?

nyaya

Munyika nhoroondo yakatanga kusvika prehistoric nguva - makore mamiriyoni 2,5 BC. e. The yekare nguva zvinotora VIII remakore BC. e. - V remakore BC. e. The Ages nguva yava V-XVIII emakore. A nyaya itsva kunotangira XVIII remakore. uye rinoguma muna 1917. Kazakhstan aiva chikamu Russia, ari Nogai Horde, Siberian umambo, kuti Kazakh Khanate.

I pavaipfuura nhoroondo ichangobva chakaitika munguva pokuwa wokuRussia Empire kuti Soviet Union kuti akawisa. A Pasika II December 16, 1991 akatanga, apo nyika yakava anotonga democratic uye zviri pamutemo nehurumende.

Panguva Kuvapo mepu munyika Kazakhstan dzinosiyana zvikuru nokuda kwebasa yaro siyana umambo uye umambo.

administrative kupesana

Sezvambotaurwa, Kazakhstan, nzvimbo munharaunda iri vanopfuura mamiriyoni 2 mativi mamita. km riri unitary mamiriro. Nyika ine maguta matatu Republican kuzviisa pasi, maguta 86, 14 enyika, 168 maruwa, 174 misha.

Saka Kazakhstan nharaunda ndeinotevera:

• Akmola.
• Alma-Ata.
• Aktobe.
• Atyrau.
• East Kazakhstan.
• West Kazakhstan.
• South Kazakhstan.
• North Kazakhstan.
• Zhambyl.
• Kostanay.
• KuKaraganda.
• Kyzylorda.
• Pavlodar.
• Mangistau.

guta National kukosha:

• Alma-Ata (Almaty).
• Baikonur.
• Astana - guru.

Climate

Zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti nzvimbo Kazakhstan rakanyatsojeka guru. Naizvozvo, munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana munyika inogona kuchengetwa kusiyana maererano okunze, kwakaita nzvimbo yacho, mvura zvedu.

Kazakhstan iri kure kubva munyanza, saka kuchamhembe okunze kunonyanyisa uye kuchitonhora, uye zasi maruva anotumbuka isakafanira. Paavhareji tembiricha iri January: kuchamhembe uye kumabvazuva - -18 ° C, kumaodzanyemba - -3 ° C. Paavhareji July tembiricha iri kuchamhembe +19 ° C, kumaodzanyemba - + 28 ° .. + 30 ° C.

All nzvimbo Kazakhstan dziri mune 4 okunze zones: mugwenga, Semi-mugwenga uye inowanzorimwa.

akaisa nzvimbo iri kuchamhembe kunyika iri inowanzorimwa wongoramba. Pano pane mukuru chaizvo mhepo aimhanya. Muna inowanzorimwa mapazi yechando pfupi chirimo. Spring nokuda ya pakupunzika.

Musango-inowanzorimwa mapazi ari mumapani dziri kuchamhembe kwenyika. Pfupi mwaka - yechirimo. Nguva iri 3 months zviri zhizha nechando - kubva October kusvika April.

Mugore Semi-murenje dzisinganayi steppes dziri nechepakati chikamu nyika. Yechando pano kwazvo, kunze isina, zhizha anotonga sabvumika kupisa.

Mugwenga, iyo rinopfuurira pamwe pamapani Kazakhstan, pane refu inopisa muzhizha, zvikuru mhepo yakaoma, hasha chando.

rubatsiro

Hama ruyamuro vangada kuona kuti nharaunda Kazakhstan zvinosvika ¾ inogarwa mumapani. Kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva unogona kuona gomo neeSultan pamusoro Altai, Tian Shan, Jungar Alatau. Iri kumadokero kubva reCaspian mwoyo. Pakati nyika yemakomo gadziriro yacho Kazakh melkopesochnika.

Water pfuma

Tichishandisa mvura, ndinoda kutaura kuti Kazakhstan, vanenge 8500 zviduku nzizi. North uye kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva unyatsoshanda Irtysh, Tobol, Ishim. Uyewo ari mundima nyika inoyerera rwizi Ural, them, Syrdarya. Muzhizha dzakawanda svikiro uye nenzizi duku uchaomesa nokuda yakaoma okunze.

nyika kweGungwa reCaspian. udzamu wayo 5-7 mamita. Kuwedzera ndima Kazakhstan, kweGungwa reCaspian chinhu chaicho kunharaunda Russia, Iran, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan.

The zvokuvhoterwa rakarero ndakagovera 48 zviuru madhamu kuti inosiyana. The guru vari Balkhash, Zaisan, Tengiz, muGungwa Aral, Alakol.

Flora uye fauna of

In ose munharaunda Kazakhstan, unogona kuona hunhu chete kwake kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Saka, munyika vakawana musha kwavo 480 eshiri, 155 - mhuka, 150 - hove. Murenje Semi-mumarenje vanogona kusangana zvinokambaira nezvipembenene. Muna inowanzorimwa mhenyu saiga, nemhara, mhumhi, tsuro, nemakonzo, makava, makava. The madhamu munyika maigara swans, shiri, gulls, duck, flamingoes. Mumakomo unogona kuwana chando mbada, mbudzi dzomumakomo, mabheya, gwai, nondo uye shiri dzakawanda.

Kana nemiti, hakuna kuonawo zvakasiyana-siyana. On muganhu Kazakhstan vachikura yomupaini, nemipaini mumasango, Birch, nomuapuri, Aspen. Highlands akasiyana Zvikwenzi uye subalpine Mafuro uye mumarenje uye Semi-mumarenje - sagebrush-uswa, forb-uswa, sagebrush-saltwort zvirimwa. In rwezasi unogona kuona rakasiyana semufananidzo kasvisto - tsitvarnaya kana Santonin unovava.

demography

Kazakhstan Area (ba Km.) - 2,724 mamiriyoni, munyika pokutanga pane chakarurama izvi repfumbamwe nzvimbo munyika. Vazhinji zvokuvhoterwa riri 60 nzvimbo. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti vanhu reRepublic of Kazakhstan vachava Proportional kunyika. Saka, nhasi musha vanhu vanopfuura 17.098.500. Zvakaratidza kuti 1 ba. ? km mune vanhu 6 chete.

muganhu Kazakhstan - pamwe Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, China. Ndezvomuzvarirwo kuti nyika mhenyu Kazakhs, Russian, Ukrainians, Uzbeks, Uighurs, vanhu vokuGermany, Tatars. Sei miganhu Kazakhstan, zvinogona kuonekwa pamepu iri munyaya.

zvinokwezva

Kazakhstan ndiyo inozivikanwa zvinokwezva ayo. Vanhu vazhinji vanodana nyika ino isina-mhepo miziyamu. The nyika vanogona kunakidzwa yakaisvonaka yevedza maonero uye sezvivako kwenhau.

Saka, munhu wose anoda kushanyira mu Lake Burabay muna Kokshetautskoy munharaunda akafukidza mungano; nekusangana runako YOMUMAKOMO paMaare ari Trans-them Alatau uye mi- nharaunda yacho kanjoni Charyn rwizi.

Rimwe remaguta akanaka kwazvo ndiye Almaty. Riri mujinga ari Trans-them Alatau. Almaty kunokwezva vashanyi pamwe yepakutanga mapurani ensembles. Pedyo netaundi pane akasiyana hunhu kuchengeterwa, pasi izvo dzinounzwa pamusoro 90 zviuru hectares.

In Southern Kazakhstan kuona makuva emadzimambo Saki mazhinji. Et kuvigwa runobva kuna Iron Age. dhayamita Its kunopfuura 104 metres, uye kukwirira - 17 metres kana kupfuura. No nzvimbo Eurasia haagoni kuzvirumbidza zvakadaro mukuru wevasungwa kuvigwa pazvikomo emadzimambo.

Pandakangosvika Kazakhstan, nzvimbo dzose aizofanira kushanyira zvinotevera maguta kuti kuudza nhoroondo uye nhoroondo wehurumende inotungamirwa:

• Astana.
• Almaty.
• Aktau.
• Aktobe.
• Atyrau.
• Baikonur.
• Balkhash.
• Borovoye.
• Zhezkazgan.
• KuKaraganda.
• Kokshetau.
• Kostanay.
• Kyzylorda.
• Pavlodar.
• Petropavlovsk.
• Mhuri.
• Taldykorgan.
• Taraz.
• Turkestan.
• Uralsk.
• Ust-Kamenogorsk.
• Shymkent.

tsika nemagariro

vari ezororo:

• March 8;
• March 22;
• January 1;
• August 30;
• December 16;
• May 1;
• 9 May;
• July 6.

Sezvo nzvimbo Kazakhstan rakanyatsojeka guru uye rigare ikoko vanhu vezvitendero zvakasiyana, mazororo echitendero vari Eid Ramadan uye Kurban Ait.

Anenge munhu wose anoziva kuti vanhu zvokuvhoterwa - ane vanhu chaizvo vaenzi. Nokuti Kazakhs unogona kuuya pasina kukokwa, uye muridzi vachafara chaizvo. Pakati maitiro zvaiva Kazakhs vari dzinounzwa kushivirira, rugare, kuremekedza vakuru. izvi unhu Vose vakauya ose kubva pauduku, saka hurumende vakanga vasina dzinza kana chitendero kusawirirana.

Ari Kazakhstan vakavhengana tsika vemarudzi akasiyana, ruzhinji rwevanhu munyika vanotaura Russian. Mumakore achangopfuura vava kunyanya dzakakurumbira Kazakh uye Chirungu mitauro. Vagere munyika anogona kunzi "Kazakhstani" kana "Kazakh". Kunyange zvazvo, sezvo dzakawanda tsika inoratidza pashure zvose, shoko rokuti "Kazakh" zvikuru kushandiswa.

dzakawanda ukama

Kazakhstan inotsigira dzakawanda ukama nhengo dzose United Nations. Huru geopolitical mudiwa rinoti ndiwo: European Union, USA, China, Eastern nyika Middle uye Russian Federation.

Kubvira 2005, Republic akatanga vanoshingaira kuva zveupfumi nemagariro urongwa pamwe Yakutia, Tatarstan, Chuvashia, Bashkortostan, China. State anofanira pamwe OSCE, Các, Council of Turkic Achitaura States, sangano kwechiIslam Cooperation, ari CSTO, Kishi, EurAsEC, SCO, CICA, etc.

Republic anotora chikamu dzakawanda anochengetedza runyararo kushandiswa. Somuenzaniso, mainjiniya kubva kuKazakhstan vakakwanisa neutralize vanopfuura mamiriyoni 5 munitions muIraq. Hurumende anopawo zvemari rubatsiro kunyika dzakadai Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan uye Tajikistan.

Kuwadzana yokuRussia Federation, Kazakhstan ari kushanda Pakuurayiwa Tsika Union, achiita zvaidiwa Collective Security Treaty, riri kuonekwa kuva nhengo mamiriro ari Kishi. Relations pamwe China vave noushamwari dzapedyo.

On pamwe upfumi zvinogona kutaurwa kuti hurumende akatungamirira chinoshingaira mutemo pamwe Kishi nyika, kunobatsirei nzvimbo Kazakhstan anosiya. Hama geopolitical maonero anogona kunzi nehurumende agara achiedza kuti vasapindira.

Kazakhstan - imwe nyika kuti akunda vavimbe dzimwe nyika, akava niche mune dzakawanda. Zviri inozivikanwa Kugadzikana yaro upfumi, geopolitics uye tsika.