The State Hermitage Museum. Hermitage (St. Petersburg): a muunganidzwa emifananidzo

Chii nzvimbo inonyanyoshandiswa ashanyirwa vashanyi, kusvika muSt Petersburg? Hermitage, Kunstkamera uye ngarawa "Aurora".

The Hermitage akasiyana nevamwe?

Zviri pakukura Ndimi wenyika uye netsika-nhoroondo miziyamu. Anonziwo yaizivikanwa uye nevakawanda sezvo Louvre, British Museum uye Metropolitan Museum. The State Hermitage rinonyomba mamiriyoni 3 Exhibits, kusanganisira mifananidzo chete, pane 15 zviuru. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kana akapiwa mumwe chinhu ari miziyamu maminitsi chete 1, ipapo kuona zvose muunganidzwa ose Hermitage kudiwa ... makore 8! Uye kunopiwa chete Exhibits zvachose, asi kwenguva kuratidzira. Hermitage Rinorongawo ane gumi idzi mwedzi wose. Uye zvose mukoridho kureba 20 km. Asi chikuru kukosha Museum iri kwete pamwero uye kwete kuwanda inochengetwa dzakaitika zvinhu, uye kuti pane zvakawanda ounyanzvi munyika kupenda nemamwe unyanzvi mhando yepakutanga.

Where zviri?

Location Museum - on Palace Embankment. The State Hermitage - zvivako zvishanu (the Winter Palace, New Hermitage, Grand Hermitage, kuti Small Hermitage uye Hermitage Theater). Kuzarurwa chikuru riri Palace Square, 2.

urongwa

The State Hermitage akagadzirira kugamuchira vashanyi kubva Chipiri kusvika Sunday, kutanga pana 10.30. End basa - 18,00, asi neChitatu - 21,00. Day kure - Monday. Asi chitsamba: mari chemabhazi kutengesa matikiti paawa vasati nokuvhara. Zviri nani kuronga kwidza kuburikidza Hermitage ari maawa vasati kwemasikati uye napamusoro mevhiki - vanhu vashoma. Asi pamusoro kwevhiki dzimwe nguva unofanira kumira mumutsetse inenge awa.

tikiti mitengo

Tickets panguva Hermitage zvinoitika chipa. Nokuti vagari Russia mutengo achava 100 rubles, pensioners, vadzidzi nevana -. Free. Vatorwa kubhadhara 350 rubles. Asi China ose rokutanga romwedzi - akasununguka zuva vose.

History chokusika

Muna 1764 Catherine Mukuru akatenga 225 mifananidzo kubva kuunganidzwa zvomutengesi German Yohanna Gotskovskogo. muunganidzwa Izvi rakagadzirirwa mambo Frederick II Prussia, asi nokuda matambudziko zvemari, aisagona kuudzikunura. Enterprising mushambadzi akaita aida kuita Russian Empress, uye akabvuma pasina kumbozengurira, kuitira kushamisira pamberi mambo German. Sezvo Gotskovsky asina ruzivo rwakadzama mumunda ounyanzvi, mutero zvinosanganisira mifananidzo asi mediocre (tichienzanisa avo vaiuya gare gare). Ndivo ainyanya mabasa mumaoko Dutch uye Flemish vanatenzi, uyewo mamwe mabasa nokuda Italian Artists yacho XVII remakore. Asi pakati pavo ndiye zvibereko Khalsa uye rusvingo.

Gore rino (1764 ndipo), uye anonzi gore nheyo Hermitage, kunyange zvazvo miziyamu iri ano pfungwa yeshoko hariko. Pashure pemakore mashanu, kuunganidza zvakanga sezvinotevera: Mifananidzo 600 kubva private kuunganidzwa Count of Bruhl. Paiva Exhibits zvinokosha: "Portrait of mutana Red" Rembrandt, "naPerseus uye Andromeda" by Rubens uye nevamwe.

Mumwe Mifananidzo 400 akatenga nokuda nomuteresi French Pierre Crozat. Saka muna St. Petersburg vaiva "Family Mutsvene" by Raphael, "Judith" by Giorgione, "Danae" Titian kuti "Portrait of Infanta Isabella murandakadzi" Rubens, "Self-asian" by Van Dyck.

To Catherine kuti pakuunganidza ounyanzvi wenyika uri pakutanga raiva zvakwaireva enyika kuratidza kuti Russian Empire - dzakabudirira uye asiri murombo nyika kuti anogona kuuya nacho yakadaro. Muna 1774, mukati nhaka Empress akanga 2080 mifananidzo, asi haana kudziudza. To iyi runobva yakakurumbira Mutsara Catherine kuti inoyemura uye chete mbeva. Kunyange pashure kuwana maberere yakavhurwa, asi chinokosha mvumo.

Gare gare Hermitage akagamuchira pfuma kubviswa kubva dzimba dzose kwamachinda uye dzimwe dzimba dzoumambo. Museum kukasawedzerwa pamwe oga kuunganidza of Yusupov, Stroganov, Sheremetev. Nemamwe masangano akatamisira Exhibits avo Hermitage.

The muunganidzwa emifananidzo

Nemhaka Exhibits ari Hermitage, zvinokwanisika kuti kuronda nhoroondo uri nyika uye ona sei yakatanga unyanzvi England, Belgium, Holland, Spain, Italy, France nedzimwe nyika. Somuenzaniso, mumusangano dzinomiririrwa 7000 chete mifananidzo kubudikidza vemifananidzo European kubva Middle Ages uye anopera rokupedzisira remakore. Kunze zvachose kuratidzwa, panewo duku kuratidzira. Hermitage anongwarira Kuchengetedzwa nemagariro nhaka zvinokosha kare, saka mimwe mienzaniso akazarukira paruzhinji kukwanisa chete mavhiki mashoma yegore kwavo ndichengetedze.

Dzimba ounyanzvi Western yakashongedzwa maererano nenguva uye nenzvimbo hwaro, kureva, imwe vakaunganidza mabasa Painters yakananga nyika kwenguva chaiyo kwenguva. Somuenzaniso, imwe maberere kuItaly kupenda XIII-XVIII emakore anogona pamusoro ounyanzvi akadai "The Annunciation" rakanyorwa Simone Martini, "Madonna Benua" uye "Madonna Litta" Leonardo da Vinci kuti "The Holy Family" by Raphael.

akapfuma chaizvo kwamagwaro ari Flemish yakanaka Ndiwe XVII-XVIII emakore. Kuzvikudza collection - 32 Mifananidzo ne Rubens ( "The Union Earth uye Water", "Mwari ainzi Bacchus" uye huru akakura uye decoration zvinogara), 24 mabasa mboni ake Van Dyck ( "Self").

Mune maberere chiSpanish kupenda XV - kutanga emifananidzo XVIII remakore mumabhatiri El Greco ( "Vaapostora Petro naPauro"), Velazquez ( "zvemangwanani"), De Goya ( "Portrait of Actress Antonia Zarate"). Zvinokwanisika kuchengeta pave Gothic uye chaizvoizvo maitiro uye karavadzhizma.

Chaizvo akapfuma muunganidzwa emifananidzo (anenge 1000) ne Dutch vemifananidzo, kusanganisira mangwanani uye mushakabvu Rembrandt.

Sezvo kupararira sapamazuva Hermitage, Chirungu kupenda inopiwa kunze UK pachayo. Zvizhinji kufarira basa mudare asian. Imwe nyika yakakurumbira mifananidzo iri "Portrait of a Lady mu Blue" by Thomas Gainsborough.

Ari kuratidza hall kupenda French XV-XVIII emakore, rinokosha nzvimbo inogarwa mumakwenzi classicist Nikola Pussena. A muunganidzwa mabasa nokuda yechipiri yezana XIX - XX remakore ichaongororwa mumwe chakanakisisa munyika. Kunewo akakurumbira impressionist changes ( "Lady mubindu", "Waterloo Bridge") uye Renoir ( "Girl ine Fan"), uye Degas ( "Concorde"). Kuzvikudza collection - 38 epakutanga uye 31 Matisse - Picasso.

Chinosimbisa mwene Berlin uye Munich zvikoro meruvanze unyanzvi German. Uyewo Akakwezva hondo mifananidzo vakazvipira kuna Patriotic Hondo 1812 uye basa Frederick ari Romantic manyorerwo.

Munguva ichangopfuura, State Hermitage akatenga "Black Square" by Malevich. Uyu ndomumwe yakakurumbira mabasa Russian art remakore rapfuura.

Chii mhedziso? Unogona kuudza refu uye pamusoro mapurani pazvivako, zvivezwa, uye pamusoro Hermitage. Asi kuverenga pamusoro ounyanzvi ose kupenda iri ndoda mafaro pane kuva wakanaka akazvionera. Naizvozvo zvakafanira pasina kumbozengurira kundotenga matikiti kuna Hermitage mhuri yose. Zvichava anodzidzisa.