The troposphere is ...? Properties uye kuumbwa kwe troposphere

The troposphere ndechimwe chezvikamu zveMhepo yepasi. Iyo ine simba guru pane nyika uye rinonyatsodzidza nevanhu. Ndezvipi zvinogadzirwa ne troposphere? Ndezvipi zvinhu zvazvo?

Zvigaro zvemhepo

Envelopesi yegasi yenyika yedu inonzi inzvimbo. Zvakafanana nokufuridzira pasi. Muchikamu chezasi, chinosangana nekukanda kwenyika uye pamusoro pe hydrosphere, mumucheto wepamusoro inosangana nechokunze.

Mhepo inofamba nepasi uye inosungirirwa pedyo nayo nemasimba ekusimudzira. Mamiriro ayo, akadai sehuwandu, kuumbwa, kutonhora, humhutu, hazvina kufanana nemazinga akasiyana. Zvichienderana nemasikirwo avo, gesi shell inogoverwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Ndezvipi zvidimbu zvinokonzerwa nemhepo?

The troposphere ndiyo yakaderera. Pano mamiriro okunze akaumbwa, makore anosimuka. Ipapo inotevera stratosphere. Iyo ine ozone yakawanda, iyo inodzivirira chikamu chemirairo ye ultraviolet, ichiita kuti ive isina ngozi kwatiri. Iyo inotonhora kupfuura iyo ndiyo mesosphere. Iyo inopisa mukati mayo inodonha pasi -90 degrees.

Inenge kubva pakureba kwe90 uye kusvika kumakilomita mazana mashanu kune thermosphere. Icho chiri munharaunda iyo pane chiedza che polar. Nemhaka yenhamba yakawanda yeatomu ioni, mesosphere uye thermosphere vakabatana pasi pezita rokuti "ionosphere". Ikokupedzisira yakatsetseka ndiyo inonzi exosphere. Inonyanya kusarudzwa uye haina ruzivo rwakajeka rwekunze, kunyatsobatana nekwenyanzvi nzvimbo.

Troposphere

The troposphere ndiyo yakatsetseka yemhepo inotanga kubva pasi pePasi. Ane simba guru pane rese. Kureba kwe troposphere kunobva pane geographical latitude. Munharaunda dzepollar, inopera pamakiromita gumi makiromita, muEquatorial regions, kukwirira kwayo kunosvika makiromita gumi nematanhatu.

Chikamu chezasi che troposphere chinonzi pasi planari. Kubwinya kwaro kunobva pamakiromita maviri kusvika maviri. Pano, kushamwaridzana kunoshandiswa kwemhepo yakadzika ne hydrosphere uye pasi rakasimba pasi rinowanikwa.

The troposphere haisati yakabatana zvakananga ne stratosphere. Pakati pavo kune nzvimbo yapakati-yakasviba - inopisa, iyo yakakura kubva kune mazana emamita kusvika pamakiromita maviri. Iko kutonhora mauri hakushanduki nepamusoro, zvakasiyana ne troposphere. Iyo yakakwirira yepamusoro inogona kusiyanana: neyemagutu inoderera, neanticyclones inowedzera.

Kuumbwa

The troposphere ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yemhepo. Iyo inodarika zvinopfuura 75% yehuwandu hwegesi shell. The troposphere inenge inenge yose yakawanda yemhepo inopisa mvura (98%). Zvikamu zvakasara zvinenge zvisiri izvo zvechikamu ichi.

Pasi pfupi, pedyo-pasi masheji akaenzana, 99% eerosols iripo mune gesi shell iripo. Izvo zvidiki zviduku zvakasimudzwa kubva pasi nemhepo yevanhu vazhinji: guruva, utsi hwemashumo, mbeu dzezvirimwa, gungwa remunyu.

Mhepo ye troposphere yakazara kwazvo neoksijeni uye nitrogen. Vanopinda mukutenderera kwezvinhu mumasikirwo uye ndezvimwe zvikamu zvakakosha kuchengetedza hupenyu pasi pano. Pose, oxygen inokwana 21% yehuwandu, uye ye nitrogen, 78%.

Mu troposphere, zvinhu zvakawanda zve argon uye carbon dioxide, zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvikamu. Mukuwedzera, ine mimwe yose yepamhepo (neon, ammonia, xenon, radon, helium, hydrogen, ozone, nezvimwewo), asi zvishoma.

Physical properties

Izvo zvipimo zvemuviri zvakakosha zvehupamhi ndehuwandu, humhutu, kutonhodza uye kuoma. Izvo zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha pakuumbwa kwemamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro okunze pasi. Munharaunda dzakasiyana uye nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, zviratidzo zvavo hazvisi zvimwechetezvo.

Pasi penyika, kunyanya kuWestern Ocean, inounganidza kupisa kwezuva uye inoipa kumhepo. Saka, kutonhora mu troposphere kwakaderera pasi. Kunyorova kunowedzerawo muzvikamu zviduku zvepamusoro uye kunopera nekukwirira. Izvi zvinokanganisawo kutonhora - kumamita mazana matanhatu ekukwira pakureba kwayo inoderedza ne 0.65 degrees, kusvikira yasvika kunopisa.

Kuwanda kwevakawanda uye kuwedzerwa kunodererawo nekukwirira. Semuenzaniso, kumanikidzwa kune chikamu chepamusoro chepamusoro-soro kunopera kanomwe kusvika kune makumi matanhatu pane kwegungwa. Kuwanda kwevanhu kunoderera zvishoma nezvishoma, asi kuchinja kwayo kunoonekwa zvakare.

Mhepo inowedzera uye inowedzera oksijeni uye nitrogen per unit volume. Nemhaka yeizvi, mumakomo, sekutonga, kufema kwakaoma, uye kugara kwenguva refu kumusoro kunoratidzwa nehogijini yekushaya nzara.

Mamiriro ekunze akaumbwa

The troposphere ndiyo mhepo yemhepo inobatanidza zvikuru nemhepo yepasi. Zvisikwa zvayo zvinokonzera mamiriro okunze panyika.

Musiyano mukudzvinyirira, mashizha uye kutonhorera kunobatanidza kufamba kwemhepo. Mhepo yakadzika uye yakawanda yemhepo inowanzoenda kunzvimbo ine uwandu hwakadzika uye kutonhora. Nemhaka yeizvi, mhirizhonga, dutu uye anticyclones inogadzirisa mamiriro okunze.

Mhepo mu troposphere inowedzera nekukwirira. Pamuganhu nechokukwira kwemahara, inowiri katatu kupfuura iyo yenyika. Inogonesa kupararira kwemhepo, kufambisa zvose mumeridian uye nenzira yakatenderera.

Mhepo inobatanidzwawo mukuendesa kwemafuro uye maruva. Mu troposphere vanochengetwa nemafuta ekupisa (methane, ozone, carbon dioxide), vasingabvumi kuti vakwire kumusoro. Dzinounganidza mumhepo, zvichibatsira pakuumbwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemakore. Uye kunyanya kwavo kunotungamirira kumvura.