Unoziva chii ropa mhando zvinonyatsoenderana zvose?

Zviratidzo ropa revanhu sezvo zvirwere uye majini fanano dzinogona kubatanidzwa mune imwe mhando, akadana boka ropa zvinhu marudzi muviri (antibodies). Munhu ndorwevaya mumwe mhando ropa kuumbwa vachiri padanho fetus upenyu. Molecules kuti muri boka rimwe kana mumwe ropa inonzi maantigen. Kana jekiseni kupinda imwe antigenic Kuronga muviri, ivo kuti paumbwe antibodies izvo dzinogona kubatanidzwa mune conglomerates.

Blood: zvinoitika uye sei zvakasiyana nevamwe?

Ropa, sokukosha zvokurapa nzira ndavhiyiwa muzana remakore rechi20 zvimwe zvachinja. Masayendisiti dzakaratidza kuti kuisira zvingava kure nomumwe munhu. The mubvunzo zvino inova, chii ropa mhando zvinonyatsoenderana zvose, pasina chinoramba uye kana pane zvakadai? Individual zvinhu uye nhengo mhando dzakasiyana-siyana kwakaita kuti chokwadi chokuti ropa kana hwakakanyiwa chizvarwa mutorwa muviri akapeta.

Kune 4 marudzi:

1. Wokutanga, umo musina antigen
2. A antigen yechipiri unotora
3. Wechitatu ine antigen
4. Wechina ane maantigen A uye B pamwe

Handizive kuti ropa mhando zvakakodzera vanhu vose? Kana vachisanganisa ropa anyatsoronga uye mugamuchiri, kuva chete boka, masero matsva ropa achiparadzira pakati "shamwari" iri chakaipa nzira. Asiwo, kusapindirana kunogona kuva nengozi utano hwevanhu. Funga kugarisana mazita:

The tafura rinoratidza zvakajeka kuti ropa yakakodzera vamwe vose. Zvakaratidza kuti nhamba 1 dzinogona kubatanidzwa nevamwe uye ugoadira kuti vanhu marudzi ose. Saka, chaizvoizvo ndinoonga ropa, asingadi kukuvadza upenyu vamwe nyaya ropa, uye muridzi chiri anyatsoronga-rounder.

The ndewechiLatin (4) mhando. Akazviratidza kuburikidza nokusanganisa maIndia uye vokuEurope, ndiro, mutakuri 1 uye mapoka 3. Rine ayo Zvinoumba A uye B maantigen uye antibodies - kwete. Kureva, 4 ropa boka kugarisana sezvo anyatsoronga zvinogoneka chete neboka chechina, uye kugarisana sezvo aigamuchira - vanhu vose zviripo mhando.

kusapindirana kweropa chikonzero

Sezvahunooneka pamwero wokuchinja zviratidzo:

• vabereki vari kusapindirana kweropa zvakanaka - mwana anogona kuva kusapindirana kweropa chinhu kana (+) kana kwete (-);
• mumwe wevabereki ane yakanaka kusapindirana kweropa, mumwe - kwete, mwana ave zvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa;
• baba namai ndiye kusapindirana kweropa kunaka, mwana uchava chete kunaka.

Kuti aite Kuwedzerwa, Uise kugarisana ropa boka uye kusapindirana kweropa pasina kukundikana. Kana hwakakanyiwa yakanaka Rhesus kunaka ropa ngapaonekwe kusapindirana kweropa antibodies zvinoberekwa anyatsoronga Muviri akasara mairi.

MuEurope, pane vanenge 15% of zvachose kwevanhu pamwe zvakaipa kusapindirana kweropa. Saka vanhu vanogona kuita kuwedzerwa ropa, iro inowirirana navo uye kusapindirana kweropa chinhu rimwe boka (kureva kunaka).

Zvinokosha kuyeuka chii ropa mhando zvakakodzera vanhu vose uye kuti zvinokosha kuziva vaipa uye vanogamuchira pamberi ropa.