Water yaunodya Zvivako kubva pachivande mabhuku

Pakugamuchira mvura mvura uye yakadzika mvura intakes vakaronga akaturikidzana. Vari inoiswa pamahombekombe reservoirs, nzizi uye madhamu. For maindasitiri zvinangwa vaishandisa hurongwa pamusoro pamhenderekedzo mumakungwa, uchiteverwa zvokudya kune aibuda rukoronga. Kana kumahombekombe nzvimbo vasisina mvura yakachena, kushandiswa gungwa mvura desalination uye kucheneswa gadziriro maererano zvoupfumi uye michina justifications.

Dzokubvisa mvura kubva pevhu hova dzinoronga zvakadzama mhando zvivako kushandisa kupomba hurongwa. Onshore zvivako panguva kusiyana-siyana mvura pamwero mune gungwa yakavakwa pamusoro chakagadzirwa chikonzero, inoungana hwaro kudzivirira yemapurisa kubva chando uye zvinoyangarara zvinhu. By nzira urongwa yaunodya zvivako zviri onshore, inokosha nerukudzo (rwizi).

mhando zvinomera

Ruslovye chiteshi giravhiti mhando kuvaka pamhenderekedzo kudzika dura ane dzinza diki uye munyoro simba ivhu. magadzirirwo yavo inopa sump, iyo Mapaipi vakasununguka-ruchiyerera, zvakanaka musoro, kudzivirirwa mbariro. The zvichiguma mvura nechikoro nokuda kupomba maitiro kupinda kumanikidza mutsetse kuti zvishandiswezve. Headroom Agutsikana anyatsofukidzwa zvachose, nemafashamo chete panguva mafashamo kana pemvura. Pombi chiteshi inoshanda nemvura Inlet kana akagadzwa kuva standalone mudziyo.

On pamawere pemahombekombe reservoirs anopiwa yaunodya zvivako onshore mhando ane hakuperi masvingo uye muridzo unoridzirwa magadzirirwo. Water yaunodya inopiwa kuburikidza mawindo sezvo pamwero anobvumira kuti vaite chero zvodini. Coast kugutsikana zvakanaka hafu mita pamusoro soro mvura pamwero pakazvimba, iva nechokwadi kuti kuisa kupomba chiteshi. Kana mufananidzo uyu dzinosiyana zvinooneka murwizi, ipapo tsime rine vakaparadzana zvikamu zvakawanda maererano nokuwanda Absorção de Água mitsetse. Okumusoro mahwindo inoshandiswa muunganidzwa pemvura rukoko munguva mafashamo, izvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise kutora zvakajeka zvokunwa.

A rinokosha mhando mvura yaunodya nenhepfenyuro akashandiswa zvinoitirwawo kudiwa huru zvemaBhaibheri mvura kana kana okunze kunosanganisira vagare pamwe chando crusts. In intakes zvakadaro ronga chakagadzirwa mugomo iri mugero mhando. miganhu yacho takatsunga zvichienderana kumhanya zvinoyangarara zvakadzama nechando boulders. Migomo grassroots kugamuchirwa akaisa nomurwizi muromo pakugamuchira chinhu nechepasi dzenzvimbo uye kurwa zvakadzama floes. Migomo yokumusoro Inlet akaronga kuti kugadzwa mumuromo kuzorwa kuerera uye vave nokugamuchira pose nokuda kujekeswa mvura. Mhando idzi kubvumira yaunodya hurongwa vari kumahombekombe migomo muungwanda padombo kuti kudzika 3.5 M kana nokuatakura rwizi dzakaparadzana mudhamu.

With zvivako nokuti filtration uye kunatswa vari zvakanaka akajekesa mvura mafashamo kana chando vasakukurwa. Vasati zvokudya kupinda kumanikidza mutsetse mwando yakasvinwa kubudikidza gobvu paiva mavhu uye jecha akaturikidzana sezvingatarisirwa iri nechepasi kana pemahombekombe, ipapo chete kugamuchirwa paShiro, tubular kana mbiri namano.

Kana uchida kupa vagari mvura, kuvaka kuyangarara kana Mobile mvura yaunodya zvivako. Nokuti nzvimbo Mobile pazviteshi pamusoro building zvinosanganisira njanji Makwara pamwe pamateru vachifambira pairi, zvichienderana mvura yakati vanomutswa. Zvinoyangarara zvivako huenderane yakamisirwa chinotsigisa ngarava kana pontoons. Zvazvakashatira pfupi mvura intakes dzinosanganisira chokwadi kuti zvose pombi wakaumbwa kuchinja zvinhu, uye izvi zvinotungamirira dzavo vakurumidze kudzikira uye nechinouya kushandisa ice-kuenda kumwedzi.

Kubvisa mwando kubva jecha uye mavhu ivhu unconfined yokumusoro chinjikira rukoko kuronga miseve yangu. Material kwavari ndiko kongiri pamusoro resimbi pamatanda. Mvura anopinda mugamuchiri kuburikidza mumakomba masvingo uye uriri. Pasi patsime riri nepokuongorora reflux Sefa layer zvinosanganisira jecha kuti Ukobvu 0,6 M kana kupfuura akaturikidzana kuti mavhu ane zvachose Ukobvu anosvika 0,15 m. Pamusoro pemvura ivhu anoita zvakanaka pa 0,8 m. Masvingo vanodzivirirwa kuvhara ivhu pamwe ukobvu kusvika 0.5 M rinobuda pasi pasi 0.3-1.2 m. Rinodiwa otmostka akaronga pedyo kongiri masvingo ane gradient kubva 1-1.5 mamita pahupamhi.

Basa mvura yaunodya zvivako zviri kuchamhembe munzvimbo rakaoma nokuda noutsinye yechando ekunze kuoma nechando apo mvura rakashama. Zvivako zviri kushandiswa chete munguva chando utsotso. Northern nzvimbo ichazivikanwa noku kusavapo pevhu manyuko emvura chisingawanzowaniki ane yakawanda zvicherwa uye vari kukodzera kuti kunwa kutopedza. Tisunungurirei muchando zvishoma mwando, saka hunobviswa akaturikidzana yaiva pasi nechando muvhu. Kuwedzera mvura pamwero iri reservoirs okugutsikana chakagadzirwa madhamu uye reservoirs rakawedzerwa nzvimbo, nokudaro kukurudzira kudzorwa recharge nzizi uye madhamu kubva pachivande mabhuku kuoma nechando.

Mhando anopa

mvura abstraction kushandiswa mumaguta nemisha rinoitwa pachiso uye subsurface akaturikidzana. Aquifers muvhu mbiru vari kumanikidzwa nerukudzo. Horizontal akaturikidzana pedyo pemvura kana yakadzika nomunzizi, makungwa akadana pasi. Ground mvura ne mukuru kusvibiswa uye vasati vapinda mvura kufurirwa aifanira kucheneswa.

Pressurized mvura izere zvachose chinjikira strata yaiva pazasi kana pedyo reservoirs vashumire nokuda recharge kwavo. Chitubu matsime vane inokosha mvura yakachena, kuti zvienderane zvavo dzokubudisa mhando intakes akadaro, izvo zvakagadzirwa hakuiti vanoumba kurapwa mano. In patsime pakugamuchira pressurized mvura kubva chinjikira mvura rukoko chiripo zvimiso vachisimudza mutsetse rinobatana penyika pachiyero pedyo Dam. Kana mutsetse uyu pamusoro pasi pemvura, kuti mwando runoyerera kubva mutsime, unonzi chitubu.

Pressurized uye vasiri pressurized mvura seeping padenga pemvura ivhu, vanoumba achiburukira uye vachikwira kiyi vachigovera mvura high quality, iro rinoshandiswa kuti kunwa zvinangwa pasina zvinodhura yokuzvinatsa enyika. Qualitative zvechadenga kunobva, akadai simba, kudzama, saturation zvicherwa inoshandiswa kusarudza mhando nemamiriro mvura yaunodya chechitima. Nepo dzimwe nyaya hwokugadzira uye zvoupfumi nezvavanofunga uye kudiwa imwe mhando emura (nokuti, kunwa mvura maindasitiri, mhuri zvinodiwa).

Terms nzvimbo kusarudzwa

Construction yaunodya hurongwa hunobva zvakafanotaurwa Urume zvivako kubva asarudza kupi, zvakafanira kutendeuka mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, rwizi mubhedha kutendeuka kana mamwe gungwa uye hydraulic uchishandisa ezvinhu. Kana mvura pamwero Kuchinja zvinopfuura 6 M uye pamawere materu kumahombekombe kwakakwanira kwomuzvarirwo mvura inflow tinova anofambidzana pamahombekombe zvivako.

Kana uchironga avhareji mabasa, nokuti pasi mvura intakes pakukwirira kwaro zvinobatana pamwe kupomba enyika. Estern vakaparadzana mhando chivakwa panguva inodiwa kugona duku uye yakakura kudzika dura. Kana oscillation pose mvura - asingasviki 6 m, kudzika ishoma, zvino kushandisa mufananidzo mugero chete yaunodya of pombi yeredhiyo onshore zvakagadzirwa receiver.

hydraulic kukarukureta

Kuona Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri parameters zvinoshanda Mapaipi hydraulic kukarukureta. Kufungawo vanokwanisa pakati pombi nezvimwe zvinhu yose kuitika nguva ukoshi. Water kunwa kunotsanangurwa so kudiwa panguva kufadza parse kwakabatana vatengi. Pachishandiswa mashoko aya, overenga nyere diameters zvinodiwa zvemari zvimwe pemipata akafanorongerwa guru shoma varasikirwa.

Ita axonometric dhayagiramu inotaridza mirayiridzo kubva mazano kune chokuita SWEDERA-raiva pedyo nebundu, kusarudza nzvimbo pamwe dukusa nhamba rotations. Akaverenga urefu migove kubva imwe neimwe raiva pedyo nebundu, kufungisisa uwandu Urume parsing pfungwa. Pipe dhayamita ikaita imwe nzvimbo, mukati rimwe mutopota chikamu zvinopa akaenzana. Kuvaka mvura yaunodya zvivako rinoitwa mushure rakazara hydraulic kukarukureta.

yokuzvinatsa chirimwa

Kuona kwemvura, yakavakirwa zviratidzo zvakadai:

• mumuviri ehupfumi, akadai turbidity, kuvapo kuravidza, ruvara, kwakanaka, tembiricha;
• namakemikari ehupfumi zvinoratidza kugona oxidation, zvakaoma, kushingaira mhinduro, chicherwa tigutsikane;
• Bacteriological ehupfumi kuti dzinoratidza mwero kusvibiswa nemabhakitiriya kuti kuwira mvura kubva akapoteredza mutsvina yadzo tsvina, kwemvura, mhuka.

Kunwa Mvura iri pasi kuongororwa. imvura unhu zvinodiwa kuti chokugara kushandiswa uye vari kwezvipimo mu CCITT R51232 - 1998. The Gwaro nevanopinda zvinodiwa kuti mumuviri, zvemakemikari uye kwemabhakitiriya zviratidzo. Kana kuchena mvura hazvirevi dzinoenderana normative data, ipapo kuvaka mvura yaunodya wastewater kurapwa chirimwa. Vakawanda nzira kurapwa vakaziva sezvo disinfection uye kunyatsotsanangura. Kujekeserwa kushandisa mupise uye sedimentation nzendo dzakawanda apo netsvina kunyura kusvika pasi. The germicidal irradiation normalized chlorination, ozonation rinoshandiswa kuti Kuraswa pathogenic tusingaoneki.

Preparation mvura pachivande mabhuku

Kusarudza mvura yaunodya yemapurisa pakugamuchira mvura kubva subterranean akaturikidzana sei ukuru uye nzvimbo yacho goho rukoko. Facilities akakamurwa nezvemarudzi zvina:

• yaunodya mugomba;
• angu miseve;
• intakes chinjikira zviito;
• kapotazhnye mudziyo.

Yakawanda hurongwa sezvo pasi matsime kana mumatsime chubhu inoshandiswa dzokubvisa zvinwiwa kubva paumbwe dzimwe pakadzika pamusoro 10 m. The kuvakwa kunoratidzwa drilling ari Houses to Rent rusvingo uye achisimbisa casing. Zvishoma nezvishoma shoma kudzika raundi pombi dhayamita. In yepazasi chikamu mugomba iri akaisa Sefa uye pamusoro pemvura pamusoro tsime, vachivaka rucherechedzo mukamuri. Kana kwokudzvinyirira kwomunhu aquifer zvakakwana simba, mvura achisimuka pemvura zvaoma, zvikasadaro mwando uchaguta kumusoro vachishandisa pombi.

Zvakagadzirwa ari mhando matsime yakazaruka kushumira kugamuchira mvura kubva kudzika pamusoro mamita 30 tsime masvingo -. Concrete, matanda kana zvidhina, dzinowanzotaura vakagadzirira kwezvipimo zvinhu sequentially tsitsi mumwe. In dzapasi masvingo uye pasi patsime mawindo anopa dzinongoitika mvura yaunodya. Nechepasi kuti Sefa rukoko jecha uye mavhu. With chichiwedzera kudiwa mvura kuronga matsime anoverengeka uye interconnected ne siphons pamwe Water noMuteresi, pumps apo mwando iri yaipiwa mumvura.

Underground mvura intakes chinjikira zviito kushumira kuunganidza mvura panguva kudzika kudzika. Vanoshandira panguva kudzika kusvika 8 metres neezvitendero kongiri, kana zvedongo zvinhu yakabvooka kana slits parutivi hukawanika. The Mhando nyore chinjikira wakaita kubva thinned chidhinha kana marara, kuti preventative yokuzvigadzirisa vari kuona makamera ose 100 m.

Kapotazhnye mukamuri kushumira dzokubvisa mvura kubva kiyi. Ndivo nyore miseve yangu, akaronga pamusoro penzvimbo nechitarisiko mvura panyika. Nokuti mvura kubva nokuburuka mabhuku anokosha kuita kapotazhnye mukamuri rokuchera mwando mhiri kutwasuka madziro chinjikira mhando yaunodya.

Water muunganidzwa anopa pamusoro pemvura

In nzira iyi mvura yaunodya matanho anoteererwa kuti risina kumiswa okutambirwa mwando mugore. Nokuti mamiriro iri pedyo mutengi iri mudanga, zvishoma yakasvibiswa nzvimbo pamahombekombe, kuvaka maindasitiri zvinomera uye tsvina zvechitima. Water intakes kubva panyika manyuko waguta, kufungisisa zvichibvira kutenderera porwizi pamusoro nguva. The Hurongwa zvinhu zvakarongwa kuitira kuti pashure paumbwe chando chando uye pamusoro ezvirevo haana asingasviki 0.3 m, uye pasi kugamuchira mvura haina kusvika pasi rwizi pana 1 m.

Yakawanda hurongwa kazhinji kuvakwa mune hwaro kwose maviri kana kupfuura marudzi, zviri pakutsvaga zvinoitwa dura uye zvaida huwandu rinodyiwa. Asati kushandisa hurongwa anotambidza mamhepo rwokugadzira bvunzo. Pamusoro mvura intakes kubvongodzwa nemvura inoyerera ari kumhanya 1 m / s. Household mvura iri chlorinated kuti disinfection.

The umhare zvokunze mvura network

Kunze hurongwa zvinosanganisira huru migwagwa uye yechipiri bazi mutsetse. Sezvo mashoko acho ose pombi anoshandiswa zvakatipoteredza noushamwari zvinoriumba kusarudzwa nokuda GOST ezvinhu. Pakati kubvisa yemapurisa uye pressurized mvura inopfuura nomunyika Urume kurapwa chirimwa, rinopedza iri tangi uye inotumirwa yokudzora mano kuendeswa mutengi. Pipe dhayamita chikuru thoroughfare wakatorwa maererano hydraulic design, uye bazi diameters anoshandiswa panyaya moto Urume chokubuda zvitange.

Mudziyo itakurwe mvura

Kupomba zvivako kupa mvura kufamba ari redunhu unoponesa simba pamusoro injini kupinda hydraulic simba transmissible zvokunwa. With mano aya ari mwando vanomutsirwa zvinodiwa urefu, akapa pamusoro madaro marefu uye vanomanikidzwa iyerere mu namahwindo mvura mutopota hurongwa, unosanganisira nokushanda mvura yaunodya zvivako. Selection pombi nokuti kunzwisisa basa mvura yaunodya zvivako zviri novimba mhando injini, simba, kumanikidzwa, kushanda zvakanaka uye dzimwe parameters. The inonyanya kushandiswa iri Centrifugal pombi zvine zvazvakanakira zvakakwana pamusoro mamwe marudzi.

Reservoirs uye mvura shongwe

Kuti vabudirire kuita iri mvura hurongwa uye kusimudzira mvura kune mukuru-vosimba mapuriro vari mvura shongwe kuti vari kushanda papfungwa mumuviri dzokukurukurirana midziyo. Dura tangi iri shongwe rinowanikwa kubva Vhoriyamu mvura iyo anodzora nerubatsiro Urume kuti vatengi mukati imwe nguva, achakundikana kana mvura intakes kubva pachivande mabhuku.

Muna tangi remvura shongwe mumabhatiri mvura inodiwa amburenzi ukabvisa mukati maminitsi 10 pashure kuvesa. Water shongwe magadzirirwo rinosanganisira tabhu kutsigira substrate yakaumbwa mumhu chirefu kupfuura chivako mumusha. In hwokumusoro Munzvimbo hwakarongwa kuti putira pokugara, uye chete akafukidza pamusoro tangi iri kumaodzanyemba.

Matangi kuchengetera mvura kuisa siyana munzvimbo pombi hurongwa, vari kushandiswa achengetere nemvura Inventory. Vhoriyamu Matangi kunobva yavo chinangwa uye zvinodiwa mvura saturation nevezera yevatengi hurongwa. Material nokuti Zvivako zviri chipiriso chidhinha, siyana rwokuzvarwa ibwe uye kongiri. The chimiro kusiyanisa dzeraundi uye rectangular matangi. Pindana anomhanya monolithic kana modular nzira.

Yokugadzirisa pachivande uye pemvura mapaipi

Midziyo yaunodya hurongwa pamwe pakutsanangura rukoronga pashure kushanda zvinoda nguva nenguva kugadzira nokuchengetedza. Dzimwe nguva pemvura throughput ipfupi nokuda deposits mu senyere blockages uye accretions. kuchenesa Its rinoitwa nguva nenguva, muna nounyoro nguva backwashing mvura yakakwana kana zvakananga ano. In zvikuru kunzwisisa nyaya vachishandisa scrapers kana ruffs.

Kubvisa munhu dzaparadzwa Mapaipi pamusoro pemvura - basa kutinetsa uye kudhura. Saka, zano rinokosha kuti zvinofamba mukati kumicheto akagadzirirwa acheneswe. The mudziyo inodedera, uye kutenderera brushes kubvisa dzakaoma akaturikidzana pamadziro. Kuchenesa Mapaipi iro mvura yabviswa, kuita sinkers, kwete achipa nemamiriro pombi vauye pemvura.

Kubvisa discontinuities akaoma kana mumakomba pombi zvavari uchasimudzirwa pamusoro, uye pashure kutsiva akashata mugove iri akatura zvakare kusvikira pasi. Kwete zvakakanganisika zvakaoma kugadzira kushandisa pasi pemvura nomoto.

Mukugumisa, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mudziyo yaunodya zvivako kunoda ruzivo chaiyo, vachibvumira kuona mhando zvinomera, sarudza nzvimbo uye rasstanovit STRUCTURAL zvinoriumba. Asi sezvo vatengi ano haagoni kuona kuvapo kwayo pasina mvura inopa upenyu, ipapo pamusoro nguva pane zvitsva mazano uye pfungwa nokuda dzokubudisa mvura muura panyika.