"Paks" - renyukireya simba chirimwa muHungary (Photo)

Energy chibatiso simba chero kupa risina kumiswa uye yakavimbika nokushanda kwesimba siyana zvirimwa. Data zvinhu Akakwezva kwete chete unyanzvi hwokugadzira vashandi, asiwo pamusoro vatungamiriri munyika, nokuti chakaipa nokushanda kwenhengo zvemagetsi simba anoenderana ezvoupfumi uye zvinzvimbo okukura wenyika, uyewo Yakachengeteka kuvapo. Munyaya ino, tichatarisa "Paks" - simba renyukireya zvirimwa yaiva muHungary.

Vhuṱanzi

Chekutanga iva nechokwadi kuona kuti yemapurisa ichi ndicho chete kuti ichiri kushanda Magyar nyika. "Paks" (NPP) kubviswa guru, 100 makiromita, uye 5 chete? km kubva eponymous muguta, rine vanhu vanenge makumi maviri nezviviri. The maindasitiri Zirume ndiye akasika mainjiniya eSoviet uye zvose anodawo kwayo iyezvino reactors vari zvachose imwe mhando - VVER-440.

nhoroondo mashoko

"Paks" (NPP) Zvakatanga "upenyu" yaro kare zvikuru kure nesu August 1974. Ndipo apo vavaki akatanga kuvaka wokutanga chokutambudzika, yaisanganisira vaviri simba dzakabatana. makore mapfumbamwe Kwapera - muna October 1983 - wokutanga Unit kwakatangwa, uye gore gare gare akanga uye yechipiri misa.

Kuvakwa yechipiri Danho yakatanga muna 1979, uye muna 1986 akaiswa kushanda chikwata nhamba nhatu. November 1987 vakaona kubatana kuti chikwata nhamba 4.

Kazhinji, zvakarurama kutaura kuti "Paks" (NPP) Raiva yokuvakira, iyo wakapindwa zvinopfuura 110-siyana nemasangano uye mabhizimisi. Vose vakanga dzakawanda. Nokuti nerubatsiro zvokushandisa, kuvakwa zvakananga, akatakura guru mari pre-basa uye kugadzwa pokudzora yokutungamirira nyanzvi munyika idzi vaiita sezvo Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary. Nemhaka kuitwa zvose zvinobatanidzwa nyanzvi, "Paks» NPP IAEA inofungidzirwa kunozivikanwa somumwe yakanakisisa zvinomera kwakadai muna yose kondinendi European.

Technical zviratidzi

NPP "Paksi" (Hungary) asi ane simba mana, simba nerimwe riri kuwanda 500 MW. Huwandu zvemagetsi simba zvinoberekwa chiteshi ichi, anenge 40% of zvachose vhoriyamu zvinowanikwa munyika.

Mumwe anovhara vanosanganisira zvinotevera huru zvinoriumba:

• Water-mvura reactor, iyo inoshanda ne chafariz neutrons.
• Six chiutsi emagetsi, ichibereka matani paawa kuti zvine, akaoma hwemvura 450 ari kumanikidzwa 4.7 MPa.
• Six kuparadzirwa pombi, ane chikuru basa iri nechokwadi chinoramba coolant aibuda.
• Gumi yeko rakavharwa-kure mavharuvhu vakaremara kana loop zvakakodzera.
• Two turbine zvidzidzo zvakananga tichichinja kupisa simba kupinda magetsi.

Vakiridzo uye mazuvaano

Panopera 2014, pakati State Corporation "Rosatom" uye "Paks» NPP muHungary A chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa nokuda kuvaka uye vachiisa kushanda vezvikwata matsva. Maererano ruzivo areva yaipedzerwa vakaronga upfumi munyika chiitiko ichi harizoiti anopfuura mabhiriyoni 12,5 euros. In mishomanana pamberi vanyorwa gwaro pakati Russia uye Hungary, chibvumirano akaurayiwa pachishandiswa iyo Russian Federation wakanyengwa kupa mabhiriyoni 10 euros kuti apedzise kuvaka ravarwi sezvo chikwereti. Construction zvidzidzo zvakananga nhamba 5 uye nhamba 6 uchatanga muna 2018. Maererano huripo urongwa, asi nechigumbuso wechishanu vachafanira kumira pamutsetse muna 2023, uye wechitanhatu - kwapera makore maviri. Simba nerimwe idzva zvinyorwa simba achava 1200 megawatts.

Details of kutengeserana

Saka, Hungary chinodiwa kuti tiwane chikwereti kutanga kudzokera mukati memwedzi mitanhatu pashure pakatanga vezvikwata kushanda. Unofanira kubhadhara chikwereti mumakore 21. Panyaya iyi, makore gumi nerimwe kubva mubhadharo yechimbadzo chikwereti rokutanga kuchaita haapfuuri 4%. Mushure maviri kuchawedzera: kutanga, kusvikira 4.5%, uye gare gare - kusvika 4.9%.

Masikati mwedzi 15-basa kutenderera

Pakupera 2015 mabhomba cherechedzo Hungary akapa mvumo kune yemapurisa anorondedzerwa mafuta kushandisa, izvo zvichaita kuti vapfume pamwero atova 4.7%, kwete 4.2%, sezvo zvakanga zvambotaurwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvose zvina vamapoka simba kambani kushanda munyika itsva kutenderera kwemwedzi 15.

zviitiko

Zviri pachena, hazvina zvakakodzera kuzvitsanangura mimwe, sei ngozi "Paks» NPP. Accident pamusoro payo, zvinosuwisa, achiri akazviratidza pedyo. April 10, 2003, nenguva Implementation chawakaronga rokugadzirisa basa chinogumbura wechipiri pechiitiko zvaitika, chakazovauraya makore anopfuura matatu kuti zvibviswe nemigumisiro. Musimboti nyaya ipfupi kuti chokwadi chokuti mumuhara yave dzaparadzwa mafuta magungano panguva yavo kwemakemikari wokunatswa zvikuru akatasva kuti tangi ichi. Basa rakanga kuitwa tichifunga AREVA dzakabudirira zvigadzirwa yemakambani. Sezvineiwo, runopfuura bvumidzwa kusvibiswa anokoshesa yakanga yakanyorwa kunze maindasitiri mapazi ari chechitima. Pahwaro renyukireya zviitiko pose tsaona rechitatu pamwero chakapiwa.

Controversy uye gakava

"Paks NPP-2" chirongwa Zvakava zvakakwana chakakomba chinogumbura pakati European Union uye hurumende Hungary. Sepakutanga vakaudza pachaunga, European Commission akaita inosimbisa feya hurumende rutsigiro chacho kuitira yakavimbika kuvakwa ano zvingaenzana nemidhadhadha miviri pachiteshi. Somugumisiro gurukota muHungary hurumende Yanosh Lazar, mibvunzo yose uye mashoko panyaya yakanga dzagadziriswa, uye zvipingamupinyi kukurirwa. Maererano naye, Hungary atora kufungawo zvaanorumbidza ose vamwe ayo European uye kuita zvose zvinodiwa zvose mapato zvinobatanidzwa racho vakatorwa kufungwa napo.

Nenzira, muHungary kwezvakatipoteredza nenyanzvi akaedzawo ose napo kudzivisa Implementation esungano pamusoro pakuvaka ano zvinogumbura. Mukuona kwavo, kuti vakaronga okusuma yakakwirira vachikwanisa zvikuru inokanganisa upfumi, sezvo simba iri zvikaramba nenzira iyi zvinodhura zvikuru uye kuchawedzera ukuru nedoro wokuHungary kubva Russian Federation kwazvo, nokudaro kukoromora changamire.

mhosva

State Munyori Hungary Zoltán Kovacs akati kuti mashoko rakabudiswa kuBritain pepanhau Financial Times pamusoro yekuita ichivharira kuti EU chibvumirano pakati Russia uye Hungary pamusoro kweDzimba itsva inoperera mu "Paks" NPP Hazvina kururama uye asingauyi dzinoenderana ezvinhu chaiwo. Uyezve, kuti mushandi wehurumende vakarayira kuti Bhuku Albion iyi yakakurumbira zvinonzwisisika achinyatsoramba.

Humwe uchapupu sei zvose pfungwa yaitaura "Paks" NPP, izvo akaisa mufananidzo munyaya inogona ushingiwo kuba imwe Laptop mutungamiriri chechitima. Izvi magiramufomu pachako kombiyuta ane ruzivo tisanzwe chepamusoro chokuita vakaronga mazuvaano wechivako yenyukireya. Musoro kambani yakarasikirwa digitaalinen mubatsiri kwayo panguva, apo ndakaenda nebhizimisi musangano pakati Budapest uye vakasiya motokari kwechinguva, vachisiya mukati maro zvinhu zvavo.

Mwero kukosha chibvumirano kuti kuvakwa vezvikwata kuti Hungary inogona vanofungidzirwa kubudikidza chokuratidza ichi: ruzhinji mavhoti weParamende akavhotera kubvuma zvimwe zvinhu zvakavanzika kukurira Russia iri kuvakwa itsva chinogumbura peya kwemakore makumi matatu. On vimbiso yeparamende, Kutama akanga zvinosiyana chinangwa kudzivirira yakavimbika eNational zvido uye kuchengeteka munyika.

kugoverana zvakaitika

Muzhizha ra2015 nhengo hurumende nhume, dzinotungamirirwa Kumutungamiriri renyukireya "Paks" simba kambani, akashanyira Moscow Forum "Atomexpo", uye zvikuru zvakananga - vamire of Belarusian renyukireya simba chirimwa. Kushanya uku chaizvo zvinonzwisisika, nokuti chinhu kuvakwa muna Belarus akafanana kurongwa muHungary.