Year 1682: ari abolition kuti localism. Zvinokonzera, Consequences

Zemsky Sobor pamusoro mazuvaano dzemauto of Moscow umambo paKokorodzano pasi chevaux Fedor Alekseevich mugore 1682. Kudzimwa kwechikwereti regionalism vakauya chete gore, raiva danho guru yakananga democratization uye uvandudze wamapoka kwete chete Russian, asiwo yose administrative ezvinhu yose. chiyero ichi chaiva akatangira yakakurumbira zvinhu naPetro, musimboti raiva kubviswa nheyo kwamachinda mu kutsunga vashandi uye kusimbisa pachako nokubudirira.

vatongi

Chinonyanya kukosha zvinhu muzana remakore rechi17 rakanga abolition kuti localism. At chii Mambo kuchinja ichi chakaitika - mumwe zvinofadza zvikuru misoro mudzimba kare. The runoenzanirana chirevo rakagamuchirwa panguva Theodore A., ane ushe kwakaratidzwa pamwe dzakatevedzana zvinhu zvainanga achisimbisa autocratic simba. Kana kwaiva kuedza kushandura urongwa yaiona uye Ecclesiastical kuzvidzora, asi ichi chiyero asina akaziva nokuda kwake mangwanani rufu.

Zvinoitwa pfungwa

Of Kunyanya ukoshi munhau yeRussia hazvina gore 1682. Kudzimwa kwechikwereti localism zvichida aiva chiitiko ake anokosha, nokuti zvakaita kuti yakakura Kushandurwa chikamu chikuru munzanga. Asi, tisati nezvazvo musimboti uye kukosha zvinhu izvi, zvinokosha kuziva chikuru zviri nguva mubvunzo.

Mugumo rechi17 raiva nguva kuchinja muupenyu munyika yedu, nekuti ndipo kuti hurumende iri nezvechinhu kudiwa kwokuchinja uye zvakakomba kuchinja. Zvisinei, yekare kwakanga kuchakasimba chaizvo, kusanganisira kwegadziriro localism. Saka akadana yekare nhungamiro kuzvitsinhanisa zvepamusoro havasi maererano pachavo ukuru, uye mwero gentility uye kusarura munhu. Izvi zvakaita kuti kusingaperi kukakavadzana pakati boyars, vaizviti ari yakakwirira, achiyeuka zvayo yekare uye anokudzwa mavambo.

The Zvinoumba kwamachinda

ezvinhu akadaro zvinoomesa basa ehurumende midziyo uye mauto. Musimboti regionalism haina yakabikwa pasi kuti munhu anogona uye kutsunga kwakaita ayo kwamachinda uye gentility.

Tinofanira kutaura mashoko mashomanana pamusoro Kuronga Moscow kwamachinda: nayo yaisanganisira vamiririri yekare vakakwirira guru, aifanira machinda yechiLatvian wechiTatar namakurukota wanamatira Moscow fiefdoms. Vose zvavo, sezvo mutemo, dziri Changamire Duma, vachiita yevagari uye uto yaitonga. Zvisinei, kusingaperi gakava pamusoro mumwe wavo kuti simuka, kuvhiringidza basa rose burgeoning hurumende midziyo izvo zvinobudirira Kutonga aida zvikuru tefa hurongwa.

Kakawanda munguva rutsigiro rwemauto ari boyars navabati vakanga vakabatikana kwete chete nomufambiro ruvengo, sezvo yokuzvifungidzira panze izvo kwavari kuva mukuru, uye ndiani anonyanya kuti, Chokwadi, dzimwe nguva kunoita kuti inosuruvarisa.

The Simba hurongwa

Zemsky Sobor pamusoro abolition kuti parochialism, chaizvoizvo, zvakachinja zvose zvatinosiita administrative chivako munyika yedu. Pashure pezvose, pamusoro nhungamiro iyi, kwemazana emakore anoverengeka zvakanzi yakavakirwa utungamiriri hurongwa. Saka, sezvingatarisirwa, mubvunzo unomuka pamusoro zvikonzero kutsiga hurongwa. Uyezve, unogona kufunga kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Chekutanga, kuMoscow machinda uye madzimambo pachavo vakatsigira izvozvo, vaishingaira mubasa gakava pakati boyars uye kuzvizivisa navo pabasa kwakabva uye dhigirii ukama. Chechipiri, kuti varambe kukura Moscow vepamusoro tichiregeredza nevaitonga vamwe zvemisoro anoda vamwe kuti vari kuparadzira mbiru regionalism wayo yakagadzikana Murongerwo ndiyo yakanakisisa akakodzera kuti ichi. Chechitatu, murayiro uyu wakapiwa yepamutemo zvinoyerera mabhuku uye rodoslovtsah kuti kwezvizvarwa vaishumira sehwaro kusawirirana uye zvaaitaura.

Zvinofungidzirwa ari historiography

Mutongo pamusoro abolition pakati localism raiva chaiwo mugumisiro kudiwa kubvisa zvakaomera sei uye kuvhiringidzika kwakavakirwa ino, hurumende midziyo. Zvisinei, mazuva dzakaitika D. Volodikhin inoti zvimwe zvakanaka zviri munyika, zvichiratidza kuti akapa mamwe kuwirirana uye simba rose hurongwa. Maererano mutsvakurudzi, nheyo iyi vakaramba kuti nguva yokuva kubatana mukirasi, pasinei kupokana uye kukakavara pamusoro chinzvimbo inogarwa. Zvisinei, vanotsvakurudza vakawanda vachiri wekuita nezvokuti nokutonga kutsivana zvikuru kunambwa kudzora hurongwa.

MARARAMIRO nadzurudzo

Inobva kumusoro, ndizvo zvinotevera zvikonzero abolition pamusoro localism: kudiwa kuumba hubudirire uye Mobile administrative mamiriro, nechido tsarist hurumende kuti akwezve pabasa iri unyanzvi chaizvo uye anokwanisa pakushumira vanhu. nadzurudzo iyi inofanira kuonekwa sezvo kuenderera yapfuura nomutemo wemadzimambo Moscow vabati, vakawanda zvikurukuru Mikhail Fedorovich, kusika vainzi hurongwa itsva regiments. Saka, pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi17 zvakava zvakakodzera kukunda yekare staffing hurongwa.

chechi

Musangano itsva vafundisi vakaungana mugore 1682. Kudzimwa kwechikwereti regionalism yazova imwe huru nemigumisiro sarudzo ake administrative. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Cathedral chakatsaurirwa kuna nguva huru dzechitendero uye ari kuenderera zvinhu zvichinjwe muchechi. Pamusangano uyu, chikuru nyaya vakabvuma kuti nehanya kunetseka kuvakwa itsva dioceses, dzemamongi, makwapa akasvibirika mabhuku bureaucratic. Zvisinei, kukosha kuti abolition pakati yechinyakare yemashoko kuzvitsinhanisa emauto uye vakuru vakuru vehurumende yakura zvokuti vakasarudza kuuraya uye vachitova bhuku. Tinogona kutaura kuti yekare basa hurongwa nevamwe kudzimwa kusarudza raiva danho mberi muchiuto uye voruzhinji yaitonga.

ukoshi

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha kuchinja munhoroondo Russia rakaitwa mugore 1682. Kudzimwa kwechikwereti regionalism akasimbisa kukwidziridzwa nokuda kwomunhu ukuru. Saka, Peter handigoni kunzi baba utendeuke mambo wokutanga zvakasimbisa uye zviri pamutemo formalized zvakanga asati.