Aleksandr Dyuma fils: Biography, upenyu pachake uye basa

Aleksandr Dyuma fils aiva refu okusika uye akapfuma upenyu, yaiva nzvimbo ine mabhuku basa uye dutu kumabasa. Us anozivikanwa pamusoro chigadzirwa "Lady of Camellias". Mukuru Dzhuzeppe Verdi akanyora dhanzi "La Traviata", inobva yokufungidzira, uyo akanyora Dumas fils. Zvakatungamirira vakapopotedzana pakati munyori uye munyori, somuimbi haana hanya kukumbira mvumo kushandisa yokufungidzira sechinhu libretto.

zvoufuza baba

Makumi-maviri zvoufuza Alexander Dumas baba akashanda Office of Duke pakati Orleans, sezvo akanga manyorero zvinoshamisa. Muchidimbu akasungirirwa upenyu hwake pachake ane zvokusona Katrina Labe, wakanaka, akashambidzika uye akanyarara. Kana murombo chinhu mangwanani yakanga madhaka, zviri agumbuka zvikuru muduku Alexander, sezvo akanga asina kugadzirira muchato kana kuti mwana. Zvakawandisa zvokunyama uye mumuviri hanya aisafanira. July 28, 1824, Catherine akabereka mukomana, uyo akanga christened kuremekedza baba vake - Alexander. Ndizvo chete rukuru unyoro uye rudo vaiva mwana. Asi baba vangu nenguva ino aiva kutsvaka zvenziyo rakafuridzirwa itsva. About mwanakomana wake, akarangarira manomwe chete makore gare gare, sued naye, vakagamuchirwa uye akatuma makore mapfumbamwe ari chikoro chebhodhingi kuti dzidzo. Katrina Labe kuti mari kuti tirarame, akava ane diki kuverenga mukamuri.

kukura

Mukomana akanga achitambura chii mwanakomana asiri wepamutemo kwenguva refu kudai. Akati akakura akava murume wechidiki, Saka, somunhu nechaanoona, kunzwisisa zvoufuza mamiriro baba hunhu. Dumas akatanga kunzwisisa baba seshamwari guru, munyori mukuru uye baba akaipa. Nokutukwa apfuura, uye ukama pakati pavo kuvandudza. Charming, hunhu hwakanaka, rupo, apo akanga mari - ichi chaiva Alexander Dumas baba uye mwanakomana akamuda mwana sebenzi, kwete nemakore akura akachenjera, murume ane musha waiva kazhinji ufuza Verengai imwe zana mafranc. Ivo vaidanana, asi zvinosuwisa, vasingagoni kugara pamwe chete kazhinji vakakavadzana. Richagara kwoupenyu hwose. The Jaya akasarudza kuti vaizotsauswa yakapiwa. Aivawo mabhuku tarenda, asi akanga akatsunga kunyora zvakasiyana.

chitarisiko

Raiva akanaka murume vakareba vane rwakafara pamafudzi uye uchinakidzwa Kutarira. Mamiriro akatengesa ake anozvikudza hunhu. Muna makore makumi maviri, akanga azere nesimba uye utano hwake chiedza shava rakamonana bvudzi rakavhurika kumeso DZINOGARA DZICHIBUDA anoyevedza. Account musoni nokuti mufashoni jira jasi, pamwe chando-chena chisungo uye nguvo kubva yepamusorosoro, vakauya kubva kuEngland, vakanga vasingabhadharwi, asi Hazvisi kunetsa naye. Dumas akaramba muchizvikudza, hasha uye akawira mariri asi chakadaro "France" akavanda anenge hunhu yamakagamuchira mai vake.

Alphonsine Plessis

Mumatsutso 1844, muna yemitambo, akaona ari pamubhedha vose vakaziva wakanaka courtesan. Ichi chiratidzo raMwari rakaita porcelain figurine: varefu, curls rima pamwe chena-uye-blue nechiso, Cherry miromo yakatsvuka kuti zvakavanzwa mazino akakwana, maziso, sokunge zvakaitwa dema enamel, rakamanikana muchiuno. Ichi zvakakwana mukwanisi nemasango chena kupfeka kubva satin, mangoda uye nendarama. In Paris, chinonyanya penya varume vaidzidzisa tsika yake zvakanaka uye kukwanisa kuchengeta kukurukurirana. Akadana pacharo Marie Duplessis aiva mukadzi kupfuura kwezvokufuka guru. imba yake yakanga nhare camellias, odorless, izvo akazadza Fans yake. Sei akapfuma nomurongo akasarudza shamwari dzake dzepedyo mukomana mupemhi? Iye nounyanzvi anhonga kiyi mweya kutambura wacho, uye Akaizarura. Iye akamunyaradza, kana ndakaona misodzi iri achinyepera mafaro. Akaremekedza naye somukadzi, uye nokuti iye akanga asiya zvose vapfumi vachivakuza. Asi urombo racho flippant nemafungiro mari kwakaita kuti naRuka kuburikidza gore.

rufu Marie

Alexander akaenda parwendo rurefu uye havana kuziva kuti utano hwake Mudiwa nokukurumidza kuipa. Aingova nemakore makumi maviri namatatu, uye iye wakange achitandadza pamusoro tibhii. Iye akatengesa zvose zvishongo wake kubatwa, asi hapana chakabatsira. February 3, 1847 Marie akafa. Dumas akazoziva nezvazvo kana akadzokera Marseille vachibva Algeria. Akaverenga zvose tsamba Marie nerudo rwakadzama kuti kumbobva mwoyo wake uye vakanyora yokufungidzira "La Dame aux Camelias." Dumas akaita heroine ari yokufungidzira mukadzi rawa Margaritu Gote, asi kuedza protagonist kuti kutendeukira kuna unhu hwakanaka baba vake kushanyira vake anoda, asi renunciation payo, kuti arege kuparadza yemberi yakajeka jaya kutengesa kwezvishongo, namabhiza, uye vose mumwe zvoumbozha mukadzi apfidza, Alexander tega.

A bata kudanana yokufungidzira aiva nokukurumidza kubudirira, kunyanya vakadzi. Vaya vaiziva Marie, pakupedzisira akaziva kuti kutengesa pachako kuti mari, murombo akatambudzika nokusingaperi nokuda vepachokwadi manzwiro, izvo hakutsamiri mari.

Munyori 4 makore akakumbirwa kuti anyore mutambo inobva yokufungidzira, waitova zvikuru refu. The chiito pachikuva akatanga pa18 pm ndokuguma chete pousiku, nenguva 3 o'clock. Pashure kuratidzwa vachikushuvai mafeni yakamedzwa munyori akasungwa maruva, vakadzi vakanga vachichema uye vachimbundirana pake.

Saka muna 1852, Aleksandr Dyuma, Jr., akazova mukurumbira chaizvo muFrance. Zvino zita rake rizivikanwe vose. Iye kuremekedza kwazvo vakadzi, uye havana kuvanzira ivo havadi kubatidza ukama kuti hadzizi vasiri ndichisunga, uye anoedza kusika noushamwari uye simba mhuri chaiyo.

Lady pamwe maparera

Dumas akagamuchira vose mafaro wemadzimai ari demimonde. In munzanga Vakadzi vaizvibata mukanyatsochengeta chete munyori. Dumas fils, ane upenyu pachake vaisagona kupinda chakakomba, akachenjera njanji mumakore 25 akasangana jaya Russian mukadzi St. Petersburg, iro rakaitirwa muParis, vakasununguka kubva kunetsa naye nguva. Raiva Countess Lydia Nesselrode.

mbuyawasha rakabvongodzwa wake, kwete kunyange rinopfungaira mbambo musoro pa wake mwanasikana. Akapedza kuzvifadza dzomutengo zvimbuzi kusingatauriki mari, uye ipapo aida runako nokurongerwa munyori. Sezvingatarisirwa, aisagona kudzivisa uye akanga Ugare. Lydia aida maparera, uye vakapfeka payo bvudzi bvudzi dema pamusoro akatunhidzwa pamutsipa, Pazvibato pamusoro akanaka uye waidiwa remadunhu- "mudzimai pamwe namaparera." ukama ichi chave nyaya kukurukurwa uye makuhwa.

Lydia pakarepo akadana Russia. Dumas akamutevera. Asi akadzokera nokuda kwokushaya mari, asi Lydia haana kutuma kwete chete tsamba, asi anotiwo. Iye chete vakakanganwa nezvazvo. Muna 1852, akadzidza pamusoro kubva mumwe runako Russian - Princess Hope Naryshkina, iyo kwaifanira kutora upenyu hwake nzvimbo huru. Panguva ino, akanyora itsva umo akarasikirwa zvakaipa Lydia kure, akaitumidza "Mukadzi ne namaparera."

Kutizira Paris

Hope akanga akaroora muduku chaizvo muchinda yekare. Kubva pamakore ake 26, iye akatizira Paris uye musakanganwa kuunza pamwe nezvishongo, uye mwanasikana, achitsanangura kuti Russian okunze kwakaipa kuti utano hwake. Iye akatakurirwa munyori akabvunza Prince kumupa kurambana, asi murume wake akaramba. Izvi chaimutsigira mambo. Kwemakore matanhatu vatatu vavo vaigara Villa, izvo Akatenga Naryshkin.

Panguva iyi, munyori kazhinji vakakakavadzana baba vake, vachipomera kuti ruzivo naye. Nezvenyaya iyi, akanyora "The woupombwe" ari kutamba, "The Akarasika Baba", uye panguva imwecheteyo akaona baba vake yakanakisisa shamwari. Panguva imwe cheteyo, zviri havaratidzi kunzwisisa muchindakadzi wako nemaziso aqua zvakare siyana vaiva ezvinhu nokurerwa navo. Vaiva mwanasikana, Maria Alexandrina muna 1860. Muna 1864, apo Naryshkin akwegura vakafa, vakanga vakaroorana, uye vakanga mumwe mwanasikana Jeannine muna 1867. Pashure paizvozvo, chimiro Nadezhda Ivanovna akava zvisingabviri kuti kufungira uye dzakashata. Iye vaifungira infidelities mashoko akanaka yemurume uye zvinonyadzisa. Pakupedzisira, munyori zvechokwadi akaneta uye akanga aidanana kurutivi, kwete kuramba mukadzi wake. Uye muna 1870, hazvina kuva Dumas. Mwanakomana vakamuviga pamba Villers-Cotterets, izvo munyori enganonyorwa wenguvo-uye-nemapanga akada.

Aimé Desclee

Akakura vakapfuma Bourgeois mumhuri uye dzidzo yakanaka. baba vake, gweta, akaenda kusauka, uye mwanasikana vakasarudza kuti rinogona kuvhenekera pachikuva. Asi basa haana kuenda, saka yakava mukadzi akaramba, sezvo runako haana rwugare. Witty, izvo Akadzokorora yose Paris, iye akadzokera yemitambo uye vakatenderera zvinenge zvose Europe. Iye yakakunda Italy, kweBrussels. With Dumas Aimé tanga vakasangana pagungano une bhora. Dumas akamuona vachiridza kunze, uye vakatenda kuti iye akanga ane mano uye akanaka. Iye akaramba kuti muParis, iye wacho akaendeswa troupe. The debut aiva kukunda. Pahwaro nevakawanda zvido (achiri Dumas fils akanyora zvidimbu nokuda yemitambo), ivo vaidanana Zvisinei, uye chengeta zvichibva pachavo. Apo Aimee haana zvesimba, iye akagara ari oga munyika. boka rake vaiva poodle, mumwe chihwenga uye Caesarina muranda yekare. The rusununguko matambudziko ayo, asi haana kuda kubatana zvisiri pamutemo.

Tsika vakatsigira wake munyori wemitambo. Akamupa basa iri kutamba "Wedding Guest" akanyora "mudzimai Claudia" wake "Princess George". Mumabhuku ake, akaedza kugadzirisa tsika matambudziko murume nomukadzi. Kabhuku ake panyaya hwakonzera ruzha. Zvino zvakanyorwa mutambo idzva Desclee "Mr. Alphonse." Asi iye akarwara, vanachiremba kwake akawana zviratidzo kenza. Kana iye akafa muna 1874, zvakanga akavigwa yose Paris.

The kutamba yakanga kufanorongwa kuti airidza mumwe mutambi, uye mutauro wakanga vafumiswa neshoko itsva "gigolo," izvo akasvika kureva munhu anogara tichiregeredza vakadzi (murume uori, mumwe pimp).

French Academy

Mumakore upenyu Alexander Dumas mwanakomana akava mupfumi uye vakaziva chaiwo. Yakaramba nyaya kuti diki. Akanga kunyengetedzwa kushandisa kuna Academy. Muna 1875, 11 February, ayo somusande se "usingafi." Akanga chaizvo vakakodzera ndozvaari. Pano mabasa zvakanyorwa Alexander Dumas. Books "Tristan Ryzhy" (nhoroondo yokufungidzira), "Regent Myustel" (yokufungidzira), mumwe yokufungidzira "Lady ne maparera", "Delo Clemenceau," "Dr. Servan", "itsva mumwe mukadzi" yaibata inokosha evanhu uye vachiongorora mweya magamba. Pamwe chete Zhorzh Sand , akanyora "The Marquis of Villiers" uye akamupa kodzero yake. Uyezve, akashanda nesimba uye zvinobudirira aiita munyori wemitambo. Vanokwanisa ichi, tarenda rake rakanga zvikuru uye vateereri, uye baba vake pachake. Naiyewo aiva shasha publicist, uyo akasunungura chaizvo kukamura uchishandisa mabhurocha.

okupedzisira muchato

On kwokuderera oupenyu Alexander Dumas fils akashinga kupinda muwanano yechipiri Madame Henriette Escala, iyo yakaramba ukama kubva 1887. Akanga muduku pane ake kwemakore makumi mana. Vakawanikwa pashure pokufa Naryshkina muna July 1895, uye mwedzi mina pashure akafa.

mhedziso

Akavigwa kumakuva kuti Montmartre muParis, zana metres kubva Marie Duplessis, mukadzi chete waaida. Akayeuka zvose ake upenyu uye zvikuru kumbozvidemba muchato wake wokutanga.