Alexander Belyaev - mabasa uye nhoroondo yemunyori wenyanzvi wenhema

Muna 2014, inoratidza makore makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi matatu ekuberekwa kwemunyori anozivikanwa weRussia Alexander Romanovich Belyaev. Uyu muumbi akakurumbira ndomumwe wevatangi vemhando yezvesayenzi fiction mabhuku muSoviet Union. Kunyange munguva yedu zvinoratidzika zvinoshamisa kuti munhu mumabasa ake anogona kuratidza zviitiko zvichaitika pashure pemakumi emakumi emakore.

Makore okutanga omunyori

Saka, ndiani Alexander Belyaev? Nhoroondo yemunhu uyu iri nyore uye yakasiyana nenzira yayo. Asi kusiyana nemamiriyoni emakopi emabasa emunyori, hakuna mazhinji akanyorwa pamusoro pehupenyu hwake.

Alexander Belyaev akaberekwa musi wechina waMarch 1884 muguta reSmolensk. Mhuri yemupristi weOrthodox, mukomana wacho akaudzwa kubva pauduku kuti ade mimhanzi, mifananidzo, akafarira kuverenga nhaurirano dzekudaidzira uye kudzidza mitauro yemamwe marudzi.

Sezvo apedza seminari yekunamata nekusimbiswa kwababa vake, jaya rinosarudza nzira yake kumatare, iyo ndiyo kubudirira kwakanaka.

Nhanho dzokutanga mumabhuku

Kuwana mari yakaisvonaka mundima yepamutemo, Alexander Belyaev akatanga kuve nehanya zvikuru nemabasa ekugadzira, mafirimu nemitambo. Anobatanidzwawo kutungamira uye kutamba. Muna 1914, magazini yevana veMoscow "Protalinka" yakabudisa kutanga kwake kutamba "Amai Moira".

Insidious disease

Muna 1919, pleurisy yakanyanyisa yakasimudza zvirongwa nezviito zvejaya. Kwemakore anopfuura matanhatu, Alexander Belyaev akarwisana nehosha iyi. Munyori akaedza kurambidza utachiona uyu. Nemhaka yekubudirira kwechirwere, chifuva chemupembenene chakagadzirwa, izvo zvakaita kuti kuoma kwemakumbo. Somugumisiro, kubva mumakore matanhatu apedza mubhedha, murwere akarara mumakore matatu. Kuvhiringidza kwemukadzi uyu wechidiki kwakanyanyisa kuderedza mutevedzeri wemunyori. Mune nguva ino, haisi yekushushikana, kufara uye kufara Alexander Beyaev. Hupenyu hwake huzere nezvinhu zvinotyisa zvehupenyu. Muna 1930, mwanasikana wake ane makore matanhatu Luda akafa, wechipiri mwanasikana Svetlana akarwara nemakumbo. Kurwisana nemamiriro ezvinhu ezviitiko izvi, kurwadziwa kwaBelyaev kunowedzera.

Muhupenyu hwake hwose, kurwisana nechirwere chake, murume uyu akawana simba uye akazviisa mukudzidza mabhuku, nhoroondo, mitauro yekunze uye mishonga.

Kubudirira kwenguva refu kwakamirira

Muna 1925, paaigara muMoscow, munyori wekutanga akabudiswa muRabochaya Gazeta nyaya "Musoro weProfesa Dowell." Uye kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, mabasa aAlexander Belyaev massively anoonekwa mumagazini anozivikanwa "World Pathfinder", "Knowledge is Power" uye "Around the World".

Munguva yaanogara kuMoscow, tarenda duku inoumba mazita mazhinji makuru - "Amphibian Man", "Munhu Wokupedzisira anobva Atlantis", "The Island of the Lost Ships" uye "Kurwisana Mumhepo".

Panguva imwe chete, Belyaev inodhindwa mupepanhau risina kujairika Gudok, umo vanyori veSoviet vakadaro MA Bulgakov, E.P. Petrov, I.A. Ilf, V.P. Kataev, M.M. Zoshchenko.

Gare gare, mushure mokunge vaenda kuLeningrad, akabudisa mabhuku e "Mirairo Eye", "Varimi Vemupasi Pasi", "Ishe weNyika", uyewo nyaya "Zvigadzirwa zveProfesa Wagner", izvo vagari veSoviet vaifara.

Mazuva okupedzisira ehuwandu hwehupenyu hunonyora

Apo Hondo huru yePatriotic yakatanga, mhuri yeBelyaev yaigara mumasango eLeningrad, guta rePushkin, uye vakazviwana ivo pabasa. Muviri usina simba wakanga usingakwanisi kumira nzara yakaipisisa. MunaJanuary 1942, Alexander Belyaev akanga apfuura. Munyori wenyika akazoendeswa kuPoland.

Kusvikira ikozvino, inoramba iri chakavanzika apo Alexander Belyaev akavigwa, iyo mafikira madiki akazara akazara hondo yevanhu nguva dzose yeupenyu. Kunyange zvakadaro, mukuremekedzwa kwetestamente yeprotec kunyora dombo rekuyeuchidza rakaiswa muPushkin pamakuva eKazan.

Iyo inozikanwa "Ariel" ndiyo yakasikwa yekupedzisira yaBelyaev, yakabudiswa neimba yokudhinda "Contemporary Writer" nguva pfupi asati afa rufu rwemunyori.

"Upenyu" mushure mekufa

Makore anopfuura makumi manomwe adarika kubva muchechi weRussia wenhema yakanyangarika, asi kuyeuka kwake kunogara mumabasa ake kusvikira nhasi. Pane imwe nguva, basa raAlexander Belyaev rakatsoropodzwa, dzimwe nguva akanzwa mashoko anonyadzisa. Zvisinei, pfungwa dzesayenzi yenhema, iyo yakashandiswa kuita seinosemesa uye zvesayenzi isingakwanisi, pakupedzisira yakagutsikana ivo vakaipa kupfuura vose vanokakavhiringidza.

Mabasa emunyori anoenderera mberi kubudiswa mazuva ano, anonyanya kuzivikanwa neaverengi. Mabhuku aBelyaev anodzidzisa, mabasa ake anoshevedza mutsa uye ushingi, rudo uye ruremekedzo.

Kubva pane zvinyorwa zveprose inonyora mafirimu mazhinji apfurwa. Saka, kubva muna 1961, mafirimu masere akaongororwa, mamwe acho ari chikamu chema cinema yeSoviet cinema - "Amphibian Man", "Purofesa Dowell's Will", "The Island of the Lost Ships" uye "The Seller of Air".

Nyaya yeIchthyander

Zvichida basa rakakurumbira kupfuura A.R. Belyaeva iyo inova "Murume weAmphibian," iyo yakanyorwa muna 1927. Yaiva iye, pamwe chete ne "Musoro wePurofesa Dowell," aikoshesa zvikuru naHerbert Wells.

Kuumba "Amphibian Man," Belyaev akafuridzirwa, kutanga, nekuyeuka kwekaverengi yakaverengwa yeFrench munyori Jean de Ira "Iqtăner neMoisetta," uye rwechipiri, chinyorwa chepepanhau pamusoro pekutongwa kuArgentina pane zvakaitika kune chiremba akaita zvedzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana Pamusoro pevanhu nemhuka. Kusvika iye zvino, zvinenge zvisingabviri kugadzirisa zita repepanhau uye zvinyorwa zvekuita. Asi izvi zvinoratidza zvakare kuti paakanga achigadzira shanduro yake yezvinyorwa, Alexander Belyaev akaedza kuvimba nehupenyu hwechokwadi uye zviitiko.

Muna 1962 vatungamiri V. Chebotarev naG. Kazanskiy vakafananidza "Amphibian Man".

"Murume Wokupedzisira anobva Atlantis"

Isati yaenda isingazivikanwi muSoviet uye pasi pezvinyorwa ndeimwe yemabasa ekutanga emunyori - "Munhu Wokupedzisira anobva Atlantis." Muna 1927, yakabatanidzwa mumutsara wekutanga weBelyaev, pamwe ne "Island of the Lost Ships". Kubva muna 1928 kusvika muna 1956 basa rakakanganwika, uye kubva muna 1957 raigara richidzokororwa munharaunda yeSoviet Union.

Pfungwa yekutsvaga mararamiro eAtlantean akaparara akavhenekera Belyaev mushure mekuverenga chinyorwa mupepanhau reFrance Figaro. Zvinyorwa zvaro zvakanga zvakadai kuti muParis kwaiva neruzhinji rwekudzidza Atlantis. Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri remakore, sangano dzakadaro dzaive dzakajairika, dzaifarira kuwedzera kwechido chevanhu. Izvi ndizvo zvakajeka Alexander Belyaev akasarudza kushandisa. Nyanzvi yezvinyorwa inyanzvi yakashandisa iyo chinyorwa semashoko ekutanga ku "Murume Wokupedzisira weAtlantis." Basa rinoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri, zvinonzwisiswa neaverengi chaizvo uye zvinonakidza. Mashoko ekunyora inoveli inobudiswa kubva mubhuku raRoger Devin "Nyika Yakaparara. Atlantis, chikamu chechitanhatu chenyika. "

Uprofita hwesainzi munyori wenhema

Kufananidza nekufanotaura kwevamiriri vesayenzi yenhema, zvakakosha kuziva kuti mazano ezvesayenzi emabhuku eSoviet munyori Alexander Belyaev akawanikwa ne 99 muzana.

Nokudaro, pfungwa huru yeruzivo "Musoro wePurofesa Dowell" waiva mukana wekuvandudza muviri wemunhu mushure mekufa. Makore mashomanana mushure mekubudiswa kwebasa iri, Sergei Bryukhonenko - guru guru physistist, akaita zvimwe zvakaongororwa. Kubudirira kwekurapa kwemishonga mazuva ano - kudzorerwa kwokugadzirisa kwema-lens eziso-kwakatarisirwawo naAlexander Belyaev kupfuura makore makumi mashanu apfuura.

Nhoroondo inoti "Amphibian Man" yakava uprofita mune zvesayenzi yekugadzirwa kwemichina yekugara kwenguva refu pasi pemvura. Nokudaro, muna 1943 nyanzvi yezveFrance Jacques-Yves Cousteau akapa mvumo yekutanga scuba gear, nokudaro achiratidza kuti Ichthyander haisi iyo inogoneka.

Kubudirira kwekuedzwa kwekutanga kokutanga unmanned aerial motokari mumatatu makumi ezana remakore rechi20 muUnited States, pamwe nekusikwa kwezvombo zvepfungwa. Izvi zvose zvakatsanangurwa nemunyori wenyanzvi wenhema mubhuku rinonzi "The Lord of the World" zvakare muna 1926.

Nhoroondo inoti "Munhu Anotarisana Nesimba" inotaura nezvekubudirira kwekugadzirwa kwepurasitiki uye zvinetso zvemitemo zvakasangana maererano neizvi. Maererano nebasa racho, gavhuna wehurumende akaberekwazve seNegro, achitora matambudziko ose echisarura. Pano iwe unogona kuenzanisa mukuguma kwegamba uye mukurumbira wokuimba weAmerican Michael Jackson, uyo, achipukunyuka kubva pakutambudzwa kusina kururama, akaita nhamba yakawanda yekushandura ruvara rweganda.

Muupenyu hwake hwose hwekusika Belyaev akarwisana nechirwere ichi. Vakasarudzwa nehutano hwepanyama, akaedza kupa zvikomborero mavhesi emabhuku ane unyanzvi husinganzwisisiki: kutaura kunze kwemashoko, kubhururuka se shiri, kushambira kupfuura zvakanyanya kupfuura hove. Asi kuuraya muverengi nechinangwa muupenyu, pane chimwe chinhu chitsva-haisi iyo tarenda chaiyo ye munyori here?