Baba kare, Herodotus. Kukosha ake "History" kune vaairarama uye nyanzvi akazotevera

About kuti, anonzi baba kare, pane yakawanda ngano nerunyerekupe. Zvinonzi Kubudisa basa rake, iye kubudirira kuziva nhoroondo somunhu sainzi chaiye, anonyora kuti akanga akasiyana kune masayendisiti kuti akapotsa haana kusiya vadzidzi womuratidza nharo nguva mumabasa ake uye ipapo achiati panguva yesayenzi gakava . refu ndangariro kwakadaro kunogona chokurarama here pakuti adzo, masayendisiti, vachisiya rinonyatsooneka tsvakurudzo mumunda mavo. Uye mumwe masayendisiti ava Herodotus mukuru, aigara Ancient Greece muna 5th remakore BC, iyo zvakarurama ashandira remadunhu- baba kare.

Herodotus uye uzivi

Herodotus zita akanga zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe nhoroondo yekare uye ano nesayenzi. Bhuku nhaka yake rakaoma kunzwisisa kubva nemaonero Vanyori ano, nokuti isu zvinyorwa uye kuongorora nhoroondo zviitiko - inhaurwa uye dzinongoitika. Zvikuru imwe nyika vaiva vaGiriki vekare.

Pakati vazivi vechiGiriki hunodzorwa pfungwa yokuti kuvazivisa anogona chete achitsungirira. Vakaita nezvezvaiitwawo mukudzidza zvakasikwa, vachisiya magariro uye nhoroondo chaizvo. Zvaidavirwa kuti adzidze kare vanhu - munhu tariro basa, sezvo nokuti nguva inopfuura uye, naizvozvo, nhoroondo iri kuzivikanwa.

Herodotus yake "History"

Satirist Lucian anotsanangura chii Herodotus yakawana mbiri mumazuva mana chete. Kwenguva refu nguva yaaishandira ari ake pachake, kutsanangura kare pamusoro ecumene. Baba vaigara nhoroondo zuva Halicarnassus, apo nguva refu akashanda kuunganidzwa uye kuongorora zvishoma nhoroondo chokwadi, kuti aigona varume. Ndapedza basa rake, akaenda Olympia, apo pakazotanga Olympic Games yaiitwa. Ikoko Herodotus akataura vateereri mutemberi Zeus uye vakamutumidza kuverengwa basa rake. Vateereri vakanga akakatyamadza nokuziva uye achitsanangura pachake zvekare yake, izvo pakarepo basa nemabhuku mapfumbamwe rakanga "kare" Herodotus, mazita vapfumbamwe afungisisa anoti. By pakuguma yemakwikwi vateereri kuziva kunyange mabasa uye mitambo kubudirira kufarira vakundi, mapeji akawanda itsva Herodotus zvisikwa.

Herodotus munyika yekare

Lucian akanga asiri akararama Herodotus, akanyora ake manotsi kwapera, makore mazana matanhatu pashure pokufa mukuru Greek. Naizvozvo, vazhinji mashoko nyaya yake kuti vamwe nechokwadi. Kunenge kuti baba nhoroondo aigona kuverenga pachena "History" kuruzhinji chakazara shanduro. All ake basa kunopfuura "rinonzi Iliad" uye "Odyssey" vasanganiswa. Uyezve, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoti kuti basa iri akakura akaramba konekwa. "History" pamusoro Herodotus tsanangudzo inoguma ane pachimiro vaurayiwe wePezhia. Zvimwe zvitsauko achiripo chete ari muchimiro Links uye mavara zvikamu.

Mudzidzi Herodotus Thucydides iri pamutemo vaiona, asi nhungamiro dzake rondedzero, kunyanya mu "Punic War Stories", akasiyana zvachose chinhu rakanyorwa Herodotus. "History of Punic Wars" ake akanyorwa yakasiyana zvachose nzira, kwete kuramba, asi kuramba zvichemo zviri mugadzi ake.

Isina kunanga nokusimbisa kwakapararira kukurumbira pakati Herodotus vangave mimicking nyaya vake kwekuva mutambo wa Aristophanes. Bvumiranai, zvakaoma kuita Parody kunobva kujeka kana kuvengwa mabhuku. Bust Vatsvakurudzi yokutanga kare emakore akanga akakurumbira raibhurari pamusoro Pergamon. Makore akawanda gare gare, Aristotle akarumbidza basa Herodotus, kurondedzera sechinhu muenzaniso nhoroondo muenzaniso wakanaka.

Baba nhoroondo kana nzvimbo kwababa?

Zita wenhoroondo chinogona kuonekwa vaisanganisa siyana okuremekedza. Avo akapa vaairarama, uye vaongorori ramangwana. Zvakaenzana kodzero akakodzera musoro "baba kare", "nzvimbo yacho baba", "baba ethnography." Mumwe nomumwe ake dzakaitika yokufungidzira iri pashure pfupi okusuma, iyo inorondedzera nzvimbo, zita, uye tsika vanhu, izvo dzichakurukurwa. Somuenzaniso, richitsanangura pamushandirapamwe waAhashivheroshi pana Sparta, Herodotus haakanganwi nezvokuparara nyanzvi dzokugadzira kuti kugadzira dzokurapwa Kallateb pagomo, kana kuti kutaura pamusoro pemhuka dzomusango kuti akararama panguva iyoyo iri French masango. A siyana mashoko - wechokwadi uye yagadzirwa, akarondedzera navo zvakafanana hanya sokunge kupa pachako vazukuru vavo kunzwisisa nezvehukorokodzwa chokwadi uye yokunyepera.

kubwinya ungira

Asi zvikoro zvakasiyana-siyana nhoroondo dzinobvumirana pachinhu chimwe chete - kuti Herodotus ndiye munhu wokutanga uyo akapa nhoroondo mamiriro nesayenzi, kubudikidza prism basa rake muRoma, Ages uye zvakazoita kuchikoro kutsanangura tsika yayo modernity. Kuwanikwa kwemabasa ake ari Renaissance akapa kurudziro itsva kunzwisisa tsika yekare. The Nhoroondo mabasa Herodotus Russian chikoro aikosha Karamzin, uyo yakawana kusimudzira dzenhoroondo vanyori mumarudzi ake.