Banyan: miti-grove uye chiratidzo cheIndia

Zvisikwa nezvibereko zvayo zvakashamisika uye zvicharova vanhu. Pakati pemiti yacho inoshamisa, chimwe chezvishamiso chinoshamisa ndechebhanan (chinyorwa chiri pasi), iyo inoratidzika seinoonekwa sesango rose.

Mitauro yeBanyan

Ichi chimiro chikuru chiri che ficus uye chiri hama iri kure yeimba yakazara yemuva yemuva. Kune mhando mbiri dzaro:

• Bengal banyan: tree-epiphyte, pakutanga kwekusimbiswa kune imwe mbeu. Mbeu inowira pamuti-mutakuri achibatsirwa neshiri. Rostock inobereka nhamba huru yemhepo midzi. Izhinji huzhinji hwahwo hunooma, husingaregi kusvika pasi. Zvisinei, avo vakakwanisa kusvika pairi, vave magwenzi nguva dzose. Panguva imwecheteyo, korona inowedzerawo. Ndiyo mhuka iyo inowanzotumidzwa kuti banyan.
• Muti wechipiri wechipiri unonzi Ficus religiosa. Iyi simiti haisi epiphyte . Inowedzerawo midzi midzi, inozorora pasi uye inotsigira korona huru. Uyu banyan anokura uye vanoda vindu rekurima. Pamba, kukwirira kwayo hakudari mamita kana maviri. Kubva kune "ficus" yakadaro inongova bonsai inoshamisa.

Zvose zviri zviviri zvakaparadzirwa zvikuru muIndia uye zvinoshamisa, kunze kwemafomu avo epakutanga, kubudiswa (pamwe nekubatsirwa kwechevhisi) shellac - resin inokosha zvikuru. Mukuwedzera kuIndia, mimwe mienzaniso yeB banyan inokura muIndonesia neChina.

Sei zvakadanwa kudaro

Zita rakakurumbira rokuti "banyan" muti rakawanikwa kubva kuChirungu nePutukezi. Vatorwa vakataura rudo rwevaIndia vatengesi - banias - kuti vazorore pasi pematavi e-ficus makuru uye vakamutumidza zita rokuti muti wevatengesi (mumutauro weChinaas tree). Nokufamba kwenguva, muti wacho wakarasika, uye chete "banyan" akagara. Iye zvino zita iri rinozivikanwa nevanhu vakawanda kupfuura mukuru we "Ficus Bengali".

Tsanangudzo tsvene yegwenzi

Bhuni-musango buluan rinoremekedzwa uye rinoremekedzwa neBuddhist nevaHindu. Vokutanga vanotenda kuti zvakanga zviri pasi pake izvo Buddha akawana ruzivo. MuHindu, ndiye muti weBrahma uye chiratidzo chekusingafi, upenyu husingaperi nekuberekwa patsva. Achikwira pasi pano nemidzi, anokwira kudenga - uye zvakadaro nekudaro, muchitenderera, segumbo raSamsara. Kune vakadzi, banyan inofananidzira kubereka; Muzvinyorwa zvekare zvinotaurwa nezvemuti wenyika. Mamwe magwaro anotaura nezvawo semuti weruzivo, saka zvinogoneka kuti pasi pezvakadaro akararama Adhamu naEvha kusati kwawa. Pane imwe nguva vanhu vakachenjera vakauya kwaari kuti vafungisise uye pfungwa pamusoro pekusingaperi. Uyezve, banyan ndiwo chiratidzo chemuti weIndia.

Cherechedza kuti pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzevashanyi muIndia, kuedza kwakaitwa kuti "dzikure" banyan groves. Pedyo navo zviduku zvetemberi uye mapurisa zvinoshandiswa, pasi pekorona mabhizha nemigwagwa zvakagadzirwa. Zvisinei, nokuda kwechikamu chikuru, kuedza kwakadaro kunounza kunetseka pamuti pachako, sezvo vanhu vasingazvibati nehanya. Kune zviitiko apo, nekuda kwekusarura kwavo, chikamu chemugodhi wemiti chiri kuparara. Iko Guru Banyan kunyange inotarisa rudzi rwemapurisa ezvakatipoteredza, izvo zvinomudzivirira kubva kune vatashanyi.

The big banyan

Muti upi unofunga kuti uri mhare, kurwisana neBanzania, Sri Lanka neCalcutta. Kune rumwe rutivi, simu yeSri Lankan yakatokura kusvika mazana matatu, yakasimbiswa uye ikava matutu akareba. Uye kune zvuru zvitanhatu zviduku. Kune rumwe rutivi, Great Banyan muCalcutta ane makore mazana maviri kusvika ku250, kureba kwekorona yayo mune dzimwe nzvimbo kunosvika mamita makumi maviri, uye nzvimbo yemugwagwa-miti inenge inenge hafu yehekeri. Zvisinei, mugore rechi25 remheni yemakore ekupedzisira yakapinda muBanyan Guru. Chigadziko chayo chikuru chakakamurwa, uye chaifanira kuparadzwa. Saka ikopi iyi haina kuonekwa somuti mumwechete kubvira ipapo, ikozvino inozivikanwa sechlonal colony.

Pachiteshi cheGoa, bhatan miti haisati yambosvika zvakakosha zvakakosha, asi zvakakwana kukwezva vatashanyi. Uyezve, iri pano, muArambol, iyo banyan inoshamisa inokura - muti unenge waifungidzirwa kamwechete uchifungisisa nekubatsirwa kwebhanabis "Beatles". Uye kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi dzemauto dzave dzichiramba dzidziso iyi (kakawanda, muIndia, "Beatles" vaigara muRishikesh), vashanyi vanobva kumativi ose enyika vanoramba vachimanikidzira munyaya ino. Nokudaro vafudzi veboka racho, pavanouya kuGoa, zvirokwazvo vanoshanyira muti unokosha - tora mufananidzo, funga pamusoro uye mupfungwa uyanane nezvifananidzo zvavo.