Batanidza Ndege: chii? How unotara pfungwa uye kuvaka manhamba pamusoro rinoronga ndege?

Masvomhu - sayenzi iwayo kunzwisisa. Kuudzidza, zvakakodzera kwete chete yokugadzirisa mienzaniso uye matambudziko, asi kuti vashande siyana nhamba, uye kunyange ndege. Mumwe inonyanya kushandiswa masvomhu ndiyo kwegadziriro Coordonatele mundege. Ichishanda zvakanaka izvozvo, vana vanodzidziswa akawanda. Saka zvinokosha kuziva chii uye kushanda naro sei.

Ngationei chii hurongwa, ndingaitei nacho uye kudzidza chikuru zvachiri uye zvinhu.

The tsananguro

Batanidza Ndege - ndiyo Ndege iyo imwe nyika Coordinates. Ndege uku kunorondedzerwa vaviri yakarurama mitsetse intersecting kurudyi pamakona. Panguva pfungwa mharadzano mitsara izvi ndiwo mavambo. nguva imwe neimwe iri rinoronga mundege kunorondedzerwa peya nhamba, akadana Coordinates.

In chikoro masvomhu vadzidzi kushanda zvikuru pamwe chete rinoronga maitiro - kuvaka pamusoro payo uye nhamba yacho yokusarudza ndege ndezvaiye mumwe kana mumwe batanidza, uye kuona Coordonatele ari pfungwa uye kunyora kana kuvati. Saka ngatitaurei zvakawanda pamusoro zvose zvaidiwa Coordinates. Asi kutanga kubata pamusoro nhoroondo yokusika, uye ipapo nezvazvo sei kushanda musi batanidza ndege.

nhoroondo mashoko

Pfungwa batanidza maitiro vaiva panguva Ptolemy achiri. Kunyange zvino, nyanzvi uye mathematicians vave kufunga sei kudzidza kukumbira nzvimbo pfungwa mundege. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti panguva iyoyo zvakanga haisati kuzivikanwa kwatiri, rinoronga maitiro, uye masayendisiti vaifanira kushandisa dzimwe gadziriro.

Pakutanga vakakumbira pfungwa nokutaura chaiyo Latitude uye Longitude. Kwenguva refu yaiva chimwe chezvinhu kushandiswa nzira kunonyora ichi kana kuti mashoko. Asi muna 1637 Rene Dekart akasika maitiro yayo batanidza kunzi Kwapera mukukudza yemasvomhu kukuru "Cartesian".

Pashure racho basa "Geometry" batanidza maitiro Rene Dekarta yawana kugamuchirwa munharaunda sayenzi.

Nechekare pakupera yacho XVII remakore. shoko rokuti "rinoronga ndege" vakatsva zvikuru kushandiswa munyika wemasvomhu. Pasinei chokwadi kuti kubvira pakagadzwa ino yave emakore akawanda, zvinonzi zvichiri kushandiswa chaizvo masvomhu, uye kunyange upenyu.

Mienzaniso batanidza Ndege

Tisati tataura pamusoro dzidziso, kupa yokufananidzira mienzaniso mishoma iri rinoronga ndege, saka unogona kufungidzira nayo. Wekutanga batanidza ezvinhu kushandiswa wechesi. On the bhodhi, mumwe mativi ane Coordonatele - mumwe batanidza yezvakanyorwa wechipiri - digitaalinen. Unogona kurishandisa kuona nzvimbo imwe neimwe iri bhodhi.

Chinonyanya unoshamisa muenzaniso wechipiri mutambo wenyika "yehondo" anodiwa. Rangarirai kuti, kana kutamba, iwe dzinonzi Coordonatele, akadai B3, zvichiratidza chaipo apo crosshair. Panguva iyoyowo, rikaisa zvikepe, iwe vanopiwa pfungwa pamusoro rinoronga nendege.

Izvi batanidza maitiro zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa kwete chete masvomhu, pfungwa mitambo, asiwo muchiuto, nezvenyeredzi, wefizikisi sayenzi nezvimwe zvakawanda.

namasanhu

Sezvambotaurwa, iri rinoronga ino namasanhu maviri dzoga. Ngatimbotaura zvishoma pamusoro pavo, sezvo vari zvikuru.

The akabatana rokutanga - the abscissa - the chinjikira. Zvinonzi akasarudzwa se (Ox). The akabatana rechipiri - ordinates iyo kunosvika vertically kuburikidza bhuku pfungwa uye runotaurwa se (Oy). Ava vaviri chimiro batanidza akabatana gadziriro, unonyatsoruramisa ndege mukati mina. The akavamba kutoda mharadzano izvi namasanhu maviri uye yakaiswa kuti 0. kana chete ndege achiumbwa vaviri intersecting perpendicular namasanhu vane pfungwa reference, mumwe nga ndege.

Onawo kuti mumwe nomumwe zvokubatisa rine mirayiridzo yaro. Kazhinji, kana rokuvaka batanidza ezvinhu wokurera achiratidza mirayiridzo akabatana kuti miseve. Uyezve, pakuvaka nerimwe rinoronga Ndege namasanhu vakasaina.

kota

Zvino mashoko mashomanana kwakadaro pfungwa sezvo kota rinoronga Ndege pamusoro. Ndege yakakamurwa namasanhu vaviri mina. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane nhamba yayo, uye chiverengero chenyanga ndege kuva counterclockwise.

Mumwe nomumwe kumativi ine maitiro ayo. Saka, pakutanga kota abscissa uye ordinate akanaka yechipiri kota yakaipa abscissa, ordinate - akanaka muna rechitatu abscissa uye ordinate akaipa ari tsime wechina yakanaka abscissa uye kunaka - ordinate.

Yeuka izvi features, unogona nyore kusarudza kuti muzvina zvinosanganisira mumwe kana imwe pfungwa. Uyezve, mashoko aya anogona kubatsira iwe kana iwe kuita Masvomhu vachishandisa Cartesian hurongwa.

Kushanda pamwe rinoronga ndege

Kana isu nayo pfungwa ndege uye akataura pamusoro wake dzokugara, unogona kuenda kune mumwe dambudziko rakadai, sei kushanda ino, uyewo kutaura sei kuisa yake nguva, Coordonatele nenhamba. On the rinoronga ndege kuti hazvina kudaro zvakaoma sezvo zvingaita sokuti pakutanga kuaona.

Zvikurukuru akavaka hurongwa pacharo, unobereka zvose zvakakosha izita yacho. Zvadaro kare kushanda zvakananga pfungwa kana maumbirwo. Zvisinei, kunyange pakuvaka nhamba iri pakutanga ndege vakaronga nguva uye ipapo yakavhomorwa nenhamba.

Next, tichataura zvakawanda pamusoro pakuvaka maitiro uye aishanda zvakananga pfungwa uye zvitarisiko.

Mitemo rokuvaka ndege

Kana ukasarudza kupemberera musi pepa Nhamba uye mashoko, unofanira mushandirapamwe ordinate ndege. Coordinates pfungwa rinoshandisirwa nayo. Kuti vavake rinoronga ndege, vanoda mutongi chete uye chinyoreso kana penzura. Chokutanga, akabatana kuti abscissa wavhomorwa chinjikira, ipapo kutwasuka - ordinate. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti namasanhu piringisha kurudyi pamakona.

Uyezve, pane chimwe nechimwe akabatana inoratidza nhungamiro uye nemasaini kwavari kushandisa kwakajairika notation X uye Y. Zvinonzi yakataurawo pfungwa mharadzano pamusoro namasanhu uye yakasainwa ne digit 0.

Chinotevera vanofanira-anoona rwendo ndiyo application marongerwo. On nerimwe namasanhu mune zvose kumativi anozivikanwa uye yakasainwa ne chikwata-zvikamu. Izvi zvinoitwa kuti ipapo kukwanisa kushanda pamwe plane kunonyanyisa nyore.

Tinoona pfungwa

Ikozvino ngatitaurei pamusoro sei kushandisa Coordonatele pfungwa iri batanidza ndege. Ndiyo hwaro kuti unofanira kuziva kuti abudirire pachigaro ndege dzakasiyana-siyana maumbirwo, uye kunyange vapemberere mukana wokuti vanhu vanga.

Pakuvaka pfungwa arangarirwe sezvo Coordonatele dzavo zvakarurama akanyorwa. Saka, kazhinji vachibvunza pfungwa, nyora nhamba mbiri muzvikomberedzo. Chokutanga digit rinomiririra rinoronga pfungwa pamusoro abscissa, wechipiri - pamusoro ordinate.

Vaka pfungwa kunofanira kuva saizvozvo. Tapota ona pane imwe nguva Ox akabatana, ipapo tara pfungwa pamusoro Madzishe Oy. Next, swedera yokufungidzira mutsetse kubva rinoratidza Data uye kuwana kwavakanouraya piringisha - ichi chichava yakatarwa pfungwa.

Ukangogamuchira kuzviziva uye wemasaini nayo. Sezvaunogona kuona, zvose zviri nyore uye kunoda hapana unyanzvi.

isa nhamba

Zvino tinosvika mubvunzo wakadaro, sezvo pakuvaka manhamba pamusoro rinoronga nendege. Kuti kuvaka pamusoro rinoronga mundege chero chimiro, unofanira kuziva kuti kuisa pfungwa. Kana iwe unoziva kuzviita, zvino isa munhu mundege hakuna kuoma zvakadaro.

Chekutanga unofanira Coordonatele ari mufananidzo pfungwa. Zviri kwavari tikaishandisa yedu batanidza maitiro wasarudza geometric nenhamba. Funga kudhirowa chinhu rectangle, netriangle uye denderedzwa.

Ngatitange aine rectangle. Kuti akariisa zvikuru nyore. Chokutanga, mundege ose akashandisa Dots mana anomiririra makona rectangle. Zvadaro, pfungwa dzose dziri interconnected mu dzakatevedzana.

Pokushandisa Triangle hakuna kusiyana. Chinhu bedzi - ane pamakona matatu, izvo zvinoreva kuti mundege dzinoiswa Dots matatu rinomiririra vertices.

Achitaura sekamufarenzi panofanira kuziva Coordonatele maviri pfungwa. The pfungwa yokutanga - pakati denderedzwa, wechipiri - pfungwa inoratidza nharaunda yayo. pfungwa mbiri idzi dziri vakarangana mundege. Zvadaro atora kambasi uyere kure pakati mbiri pfungwa. Muromo kambasi ikaiswa pane imwe nguva inotaridza nepakati uye kunorondedzerwa denderedzwa.

Sezvaunogona kuona, hapana hombe zvakare, nguva yaswedera kwagara mutongi uye nekambasi.

Zvino kuti munoziva kushandisa Coordonatele pamusoro nenhamba. kuzviita mu ndege haina kuoma zvokuti zvingaita sokuti pakutanga kuaona.

zvakawanikwa

Saka, zvatakurukura iwe kumwe dzinonakidza uye zvinokosha masvomhu pfungwa, akatarisana mudzidzi mumwe nomumwe.

Tose akawana kuti vanoronga ndege - ndiyo ndege inoumbwa ne mharadzano pamusoro namasanhu maviri. Inogona kushandiswa yokuisa Coordonatele pfungwa, kureva izvozvo achikanganisa. Ndege rakakamurwa dzokugara, imwe neimwe ine pachake zvachiri.

The inokosha unyanzvi kuti zvinofanira kukudziridzwa paaishanda pamwe rinoronga plane, - kukwanisa zvakanaka vanorishandisa vakapiwa pfungwa. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kuziva yakarurama nzvimbo yacho namatemo, kunyanya dzokugara, uyewo mitemo naro Coordonatele pfungwa.

Tinovimba kuti mharidzo mashoko edu hunowanikwa uye unonzwisisika, uye kwaibatsira kuti iwe uye kunzwisisa zviri nani nyaya iyi.