Bernard Baruch: The Story of American financier

Financier uye investor Bernard Bharuki yaizivikanwa guru guru uye enyika makuru simba. Kuva pachimwe pamusoro New York Stock Exchange, akatanga kushanda sezvo mubatsiri kuti US mapurezidhendi. Hwake - zvinoshamisa kaleidoscope zviitiko uye zvinoshamisa.

makore okutanga

The akakurumbira financier Bernard Bharuki akaberekwa August 19, 1870 muna US muguta Camden (South Carolina). Akauya achibva mumhuri murombo yechiJudha. Simon Bharuki aiva baba vana, wechipiri kwakazvarwa Bernard Bharuki. Vana, sezvo nguva akaratidza, aiva matarenda uye anoshanda nesimba. Hama ramangwana German financier kunyange basa US mumiriri kuNetherlands nePortugal.

Early Makore Bernard Rekonstrutsii kwakaitika munguva apo, mushure Civil War, United States zasi sefungu kwemhosva uye mhirizhonga vatema. Kutsvaga yakanyarara kona mhuri Bharuki yakatamira New York. Pano Bernard Kukoreji.

The pokutanga Bharuki basa muna 1890 raiva brokerage AA Housman & Co. mukomana-gore maviri aiva gofer, anowana $ 3 pavhiki. Other Mikana nokuzvidzora Kuzadziswa munzanga uye nyika yakanga isina nyore.

yasimuka

Kufanana nevamwe nevaichinja zhinji, pamusika wemari Bernard Bharuki akauya zvikuru netsaona. zvakaitika pakutanga raiva njodzi. Asi Bharuki haana kukanda mapfumo. Akatanga kukwereta mari shamwari nemhuri. Pane imwe nguva, baba akamuudza kuti vakatumira 500 - ndiye zvose zvakasara imba pazuva kuchinaya. Bernard haana kutyiswa uye ushingi akatanga kwakajeka basa musi Wall Street.

Bharuki haana kufanira kupinda zvatinosiita mufananidzo exchange. Case akanga zvikuru zvokushamisira: kuti ngozi zvibvumirano mukusanzwisisa yokufungidzira. Nyanzvi mune bayonets vakatora Kubudirira kwakaita upstart ichi chokutanga. The akakurumbira bhenga uye financier nguva yake, John Pierpont Morgan akafunga Bharuki "kadhi rakapinza." Wrong kufunga kuti pasi capitalism Entrepreneurs zvose ndakawana mari yavo magiravhusi chena. Not zvikuru akachena munhu pachake aiva JP Morgan. Zvisinei, nzira iyo nezvombo Bernard Bharuki, akashamisa kunyange vemakoko pakubiridzira.

Wheeler-munyengeri

Sezvo rwayo pamusoro Stock Exchange aizokunda Wall Street ndokupera ipapo nevakawanda zvokutengeserana nzira. Bharuki haana kunyura simba makambani tichifunga kwavakazoita Resale. Uyezve, haana kuita chakagadzirwa kuwedzera mutengo migove ayo. The investor haana, sezvo yaiva tsika, pamwe vatevedzere nhoroondo inokosha zvikonzero zviri pamusika wemari.

Kusiyana nezvinotaurwa vachiriita ipapo vakanga vari kuwedzera, asi financier aishingaira achitamba kuti kuwa. Nokuti ini, Bernard Bharuki kuronga nyore ushe: ". Tengesai uye kutenga pane vaifanira kushoma havagoni kuva" Somugumisiro, iye kazhinji vakandorwa musika muitiro, kutenga kana vazhinji zvakatengeswa, ndiEzekieri.

Paaienda upfumi

Most Bharuki Style zvairatidzika manyorero mumwe yakakurumbira speculator Dzhessi Livermora. vatengesi vaviri ava vave kuzivikanwa kuti neapo kusiya kumusika uye vakamirira nguva iri nani nokuda resumption kuti kutengesa. Kamwe wakati akagamuchira kusarudza zvakadaro zviomere punters, Bernard akati, "Jay, ndinofunga kuti nguva kupfura partridges." Zvichitevera zano iri, akatengesa nzvimbo ake ose uye akaenda parwendo refu vacation rabha wake Hobkau Barony South Carolina. Wakawanda marshes uye jecha mahombekombe Estates dzakawanda duck uye zviuru 17 maeka kwakanga kusina pafoni, izvo munhu aigona anobatana New York. Asi kunyange pashure wakarebesa kusavapo mutambi achidzokera Stock Exchange.

Kuti mavambo nako Bernard Bharuki uye Dzhessi Livermor vakaseka mitemo vakawanda vaibvuma kuti vatengesi, akavaita wakakurumbira kunyange pamberi kuonekwa yakawanda guru. Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi zvakanakira upstarts havana kumirira.

The investor uye muzvinabhizimisi

Akatanga kubva pasi Bharuki akawana zvakakwana kutora pachavo inivhesitimendi yavo. Mumwe wokutanga zvishandiso akazviratidza ari kambani yake Texasgulf Inc., nyanzvi mabasa ari kukurumidza kusimukira mafuta indasitiri.

Asi, sezvo zvakazoitika akaratidza, asi bhuroka haana kufanana utariri kambani. nhetembo dzake vanoramba zvokutengeserana, aakataura chose dzakawanda nguva yakawandisa Wall Street. Nechekare ne 1900. yose fiscal chikamu New York kuziva Bernard Bharuki. Nhoroondo kubudirira kwayo akafuridzirwa zhinji uye kazhinji bogey. Kuramba paiva nerunyerekupe pamusoro rakakura mamiriro speculator. The kwakaita nhamba iyi yakanga yakaenzana pamwero Dzhozefa Kenedi uye JP Morgan.

"Lone Wolf"

Nhasi venhaka Bernard Bharuki noushumiri chinzvimbo, akaroverera nimble hama dzavo. Muna 1903, vava nemakore nemakore 33 vachangobva vasingazivikanwi bhuroka vakava nhengo kirabhu yeshoroma. Its yose rine minzwa nzira kuna New York Stock Exchange Bharuki akanga zvachose oga. Akafarira kuchengeta zvose pasi pesimba uye vasingagoni kutakura seboka basa. Nokuti investor ichi kunzi "oga bere Wall Street."

Kwemakore, basa nemari munoitika zvakawanda nezvisingafadzi noruzivo Bernard Bharuki. Biography financier muenzaniso munhu, zvisinei doggedly vanobudirira. 1907 Bharuki akawana dzakawanda zvokutengeserana zvakasimba M. Hentz & Co., uye sezvo mukuru, akatanga vanosarudza upfumi chokuita yakavimbika Real Estate.

rinoitirwa

Kuva pachimwe chinokosha pamusoro Stock Exchange uye mubhizimisi, Bharuki akatanga kutarisa mutemo. Muna 1912 akabvuma dzinotsigira mashoko vemutungamiri danidziro ainzi Woodrow Wilson. Foundation for Democratic Party akagashira kubva zvakanaka wisher 50 zviuru zvemadhora. Wilson yakahwina nhangemutange uye nemhaka financier vakagadzwa kuti dhipatimendi rudzi kudzivirira.

Nechepakati wokutanga pachena hofisi Bernard Bharuki, mufananidzo waiva kuonekwa mumapepanhau enyika, nematambudziko chakakomba nedambudziko. Tikafunga enyika uye mabhizimisi basa rakanga zvakaoma basa.

Nezvinetso mutemo

Panguva Stock Exchange Bharuki akatanga kupomera dzevanhu pachake pamutemo nzvimbo yayo kuti vawane Insider mashoko pamusoro musika. Uyezve, muna 1917, investor mhosva kundizivisa magwaro muchivande. The vaongorori vakagumisa kuti, kushandisa nzvimbo yake, iye zvisiri pamutemo chichiwanikwa vanenge miriyoni remadhora.

In achipindura Zvinotaurwa Vezvemitemo Bharuki akataura kuti akanga apiwa mari yake yokupedzisira kutengesa zvakangofanana sezvaaisimboita chitarisiko chake rinoitirwa. Mupomerwi akanga Akazadzisa kongiri - mumwe speculator aizowana pamwechete naro.

Mubatsiri kuna President

Somukuru mukuru Bernard Mannes Bharuki akanga basa kugoverwa emauto mirairo. Ipapo akasiya kare chizvarwa New York Stock Exchange. Finance akarega kutenga nokutengesa, asi akaramba mabasa ake vanoita ', redirecting nayo munzira uto indasitiri. Bharuki mari yakayerera mapoka mubasa kugadzirwa kwezvombo siyana uye zvombo. Zvechokwadi chikamu dhora romugove inobva hurumende bhajeti iri vemauto mafekitari, akaramba ari muhomwe varanda vake nomuvuki vehurumende. Maererano nokufungidzira siyana, nguva pokukundwa Germany aiva muridzi Bharuki mamiriro mamiriyoni 200.

Muna 1919, vatungamiri vakunde marudzi vakasangana panguva dzeParis Peace Conference. Bharuki akaendawo guru French. Aiva nhengo pamutemo US nhume, inotungamirwa President Wilson. Economic mungangoenda vapikisa kunyanya indemnity kuGermany uye akatsigira pfungwa League of Nations vaifanira kukurudzira kushandira pamwe pakati kunyika dzakasiyana.

Bharuki uye Great Depression

Vudro Vilson basa rokuva mutungamiriri muna 1921. Vachishandisa kutenderera White House haana kudzivisa Bharuki kugara pasi enyika US Wokuzvarwa. Aiva chipangamazano pa Warren Harding, Herbert Hoover, Franklin Roosevelt uye Garri Trumene. Kuwiriranisa pakati wehurumende nemabhizimisi, financier kuramba kuvandudza, vachishandisa Insider Data pamusoro mamiriro kumusika. Venhaka Bernard Bharuki zvaizosiiwa pasina nekobiri muhomwe yako, kana kwete nokuda kwake nenguva agility. Pausiku Guru Depression Bharuki vakatengesa vose migove yavo, uye mari yakawanikwa vakawanda zvisungo.

October 24, 1929 US misika wemari yakarova akawisa. Mumusika wose aiva nehana pamusoro kuuya dambudziko uye remangwana hainyatsozivikanwi. All - asi kwete Baruh Bernard. Bhuku, rakanyorwa panoperera upenyu pachake, anoti zuva iroro mumwe speculator akauya New York Stock Exchange, pamwe chete Winston Churchill. The Kushanya haana netsaona. Finance aida kuratidza kuti British mutemo wayo njere enviable zvoupfumi.

Kufungidzira nendarama nesirivha

Chimwe chezvinhu mari kubiridzira Bernarda Baruha akatanga ngetani nezviito zvake muna 1933, apo abolition vomureza goridhe muUnited States. Pakazosvika nguva nyika kwemakore vaigara vachingotya zvinotyisa dambudziko. Iye airamba guru urovha uye kusauka makambani makuru. In ezvinhu aya, hurumende yakazivisa zvakasikwa kudzikinurwa ndarama vagari. Mukutsinhana inokosha simbi, vanhu vakagamuchira bepa mari.

Muna October 1933, apo vakawanda ndarama hwakatamisirwa Treasury, President Roosevelt akazivisa kuderedza National mari. Zvino hurumende yakatenga negoridhe yakawedzerwa mutengo. Vose dzinokanganisa uye majana kosi shanduko vaiziva dzepedyo chipangamazano wenyika Bernard Bharuki. Mashoko ari ipapo vakasundira anoratidza kuti vanhu yakanga fivha kungogaroita achinje. Chete "Yaiba" akakwanisa kushandisa mumwe ezvinhu matsva. Iye paakapiwa mugove kukosha kwayo zvavo sirivha chete isati mutengo kuwedzera ruzhinji buyout yacho simbi.

Hondo Yenyika II

Mumakore achangopfuura, upenyu Bernard Bharuki basa rake political zvikuru akasungirirwa pamusoro zvemari. With nokutambudzika Second World War, akanga ari basa rechiuto uye zvoupfumi chipangamazano US zviremera zvakare. Investor akaita rakakura shanduko iri US mutero hurongwa. Kutaura zvazviri, akatanga zvoupfumi kuunganidza munyika. Simba mubatsiri akanga saka zvinokosha kuti muna 1944, President Roosevelt akapedza mwedzi yake vanozivikanwa South Karolinska wemunda.

President yaitoti Bharuki kuti achatungamirira Committee iri Military-maindasitiri kugadzirwa. Mubatsiri kare ndada kuva panzvimbo iyi uye chete nokuda chokungoitawo akumbira nguva kuongororwa nachiremba kuti chokwadi pane pachavo utano hwavo chinokosha chinzvimbo. Zvisinei, apo Bharuki vakatama pamwe mhinduro, mumwe Roosevelt chipangamazano Harry Hopkins akanyengetedza purezidhendi kusiya pfungwa iyi. Somugumisiro, mune playoff munhu wokutanga akarega ake chaiko.

"Bharuki Plan"

Muna 1946, kuti mutsivi Roosevelt, Truman akagadza Bharuki nezvenzvimbo US Mumiriri neUN komiti anokonzera renyukireya simba indasitiri. Zvazvakadaro, ari chipangamazano wenyika kwakazivikanwa nevanhu vakawanda munyika USSR. Chokwadi kuti pamusangano yaBharuki Commission rokutanga zvinganaka kurambidza zvombo zvenyukireya uye kuita basa rinotungamirirwa mukuru muviri kunyika dzose mumunda yenyukireya. pasuru okutanga-tanga pakuzivikanwa so "Bharuki Plan".

Munguva incipient Hondo Yemashoko, nyaya yokuchengeteka yenyukireya zvava zvokukurumidzira. Kutya maatomu kubhombiwa zvikuru, nekuti makore mashomanana apfuura, kuti US akaedza zvombo izvi pamusoro maguta maviri Japanese, vachiratidza zvinotyisa zvakazokonzerwa ichangoburwa zvombo. Asi rinodzvinyirira vokuAmerica vakatsoropodza vanotanga vari Kremlin. Stalin aisada kurega renyukireya maoko nhangemutange uye haana kuenda rupiwe, zvichienderana nzvimbo United States. "Bharuki Plan" akarambwa. The UN vasina zvakakwana simba rokumukunda zvirongwa dzakawanda kuumba zvombo zvenyukireya.

Achitaura hondo chando, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti aiva Bernard Bharuki akapa upenyu nemutsara uyu, kunyange zvazvo, maererano rwakafanana maonero, mutsara wokuti "hondo inotonhora" kwaiva kwekutanga kwakaitwa mune Zvakataurwa Winston Churchill. Pashure kumira basa UN ari chipangamazano akwegura akaramba kushanda muna White House. Akafa musi June 20, 1965 muNew York pazera makore 94.