Hero City Moscow. Nei Moscow - guta-gamba? Apo Moscow akanga paakavapa musoro Hero-City?

"The guta guru Motherland yedu - Hero City Moscow". Mashoko aya ava mhando Cliche, uye rinongova mabhuku cliche, zvishoma nezvishoma kutsiva zvakadzama zvinoreva, pakutanga paakapiwa mu pfungwa iyi. Izvo zvinoreva "gamba guta"? Izvi zvepamusoro chero zvazvakanakira? Kuti vararame pano enderera vatambi? Asi zvakadini nevamwe maguta, misha, mumisha, mumaguta? Pane zvishoma vatambi vakazvarwa?

Izvi uye nemimwe mibvunzo vachimuka nguva mumakore gumi apfuura, uye iye zvino ndiyo nguva kuedza kuvapindura, kunyange hazvisi nyore.

Musoro Hero uye nhoroondo yaro pfupi

Chete pakapera Hondo Yenyika II, pfungwa "gamba guta". Moscow, kunyange guta guru, vakagamuchira chinzvimbo ichi asingatadzi pakarepo uye haana kutanga.

Pacharo, musoro Hero of Soviet Union akanzi munyika yedu kubva 1934, uye ine wehurumende dhipuroma. Muna 1939, pakava chiratidzo kuoneka muchimiro zvemaoresa - yendarama nyeredzi. Anokudza mubayiro ichi, chete bravest, vakawanda zvikurukuru polar. Apo Mukuru Patriotic War, pezvaiitwa zvazova vakawanda chakajairika, uye panguva mberi neshure, uye dzatorwa nomuvengi. Kukurudzira yechiFascist vazhinji muzhizha uye mumatsutso 1941 aienda yokutsanya zvakakwana, asi mune dzimwe nzvimbo vapedzisire, mokusangana akashinga kurwisana shure navarwi uye vanhu. Ichi chinoshamisa kokutanga vakafunga Mukuru Wehondo I. V. Stalin, uye zvakaitika pakuguma chaipo hondo, panyaya mazuva asati Kuregwa Germany, musi 1 May. Zvakange ipapo akaridza okuti "gamba guta". Moscow haana kutaurwa, rinonzi Stalingrad, Leningrad, Odessa uye Sevastopol. Official mitemo havana kubudiswa, zvakare, zvose vakanovharirwa kutaura kuzivisa.

Wokutanga guta-magamba

Odessa isati hondo yaiva chokwadi guta kumuganhu. Romania akanga chete vamwe makumi mashomanana makiromita, daro kuti zvaigona kunzi dzokufananidzira, kunyange pashure chikamu Moldova ano vakava chikamu USSR. Muna October 1941, mutsetse pamberi akaramba akatsiga munharaunda, vakabata rinenge pamusoro kweguta. Around imwe nguva, iyo Wehrmacht vakuru kare kuonekwa mabhainokura Kremlin nyeredzi. The guta yakasiyiwa nemauto eSoviet varayirwa General Headquarters. A rakakura muchinangwa kudzivirira Odessa airidza yevagari veguta.

Leningrad akanga takapoteredzwa gare gare muna Odessa. Zvaifanira vakatamira vagari, inozivikanwa kuti ose wechikoro: yacho blockade, nzara, kubhombiwa, nzufu mazana ezviuru zvevanhu, sabvumika kutambudzwa. Panguva iyoyowo, maindasitiri emakambani akaramba ishande uye zvibereko zvombo kuti vanotsigira guta rino guru. Akaramba unconquered, ari aivamo gumbo haina akapindira mumigwagwa yake chinobwinya.

Sevastopol ... shoko iri anotaura mwoyo ose Russian, akava chiratidzo kubwinya Red Army uye Navy. Muvengi akasvikopindamo, pashure kutambura zvikuru nezvinhu, pashure penguva yakareba kukombwa, kutsauswa guru rehondo kurwiswa muMoscow uye Caucasus.

Stalingrad akava nzvimbo 22 nemapoka eNazi vakasangana magumo avo. To chete kuyambuka mugwagwa, vokuGermany vanofanira varege zvakawanda Nokurasikirwa kupfuura kubatwa kunyika yose European.

Maguta aya uye Stalin aifunga apo rokuti "gamba guta". Zvisinei, Moscow, uyewo akakonzera kurunga.

Vamwe muguta magamba

Ivo zvino nenhatu, kusanganisira nhare Brest. Kana zano iri zvepamusoro yepakutanga paakavapa nemisha, kuzokudzivisa kuti muvengi munguva kudzivirira pamwe kubatsirwa vakawanda vomunzvimbo, Ndokuzofungisisa vabva nokutonga ichi. Muna 1961 chirevo Presidium of USSR Supreme Soviet gamba-guta Kiev akanzi, kunyange pashure pemwedzi miviri Defense, chaizvoizvo akanga akaisa pasina kurwa. The tsananguro nokuti izvi, mukurwa anobatanidzwa First Secretary N. S. Hruschev, uye akanga chete "zvakanaka kuita." Anenge zvakafanana zvikonzero, vaiva magamba muguta Novorossiysk uye Kerch, chete ikoko kuti "zvose kutungamirirwa" mumwe mukuru munyori, nguva ino L. I. Brezhnev. Chokwadi, kwaiva nokurwa, uye zvikuru utsinye, asi muna Kharkov vakatora nzvimbo, uye panguva Yelnya, uye Rzhev ... And Kursk? Uye zvirokwazvo, kana tatanga kubva enhoroondo chaizvoizvo, pane zvishoma guta Brest kuna Volga haakodzeri zita iri. Battle rattled kwose kwose, uye havana zvose zvinotyisa.

vanhu vashoma vangafunga sei Moscow - guta-gamba. Chiri chete nyore akatsanangura.

zvichireva Moscow

The Second World War rizere okufananidzira. Utungamiri French akasaina Kuregwa motokari yekare, yakanga kamwe kare nekuzvidzwa nekuda vokuGermany. Hitler akafananidza pachake ipapo Frederick, ipapo Barbarossa, Boka pamusoro bhandi bhakoro akatakura mashoko "Mwari anesu." Nokuti vaNazi, Moscow uye Leningrad, zvakare, vava zviratidzo, wakati Inoziva kuti, vaifungidzira kuti achapwanya Soviet Union uye Russia. Kubva nemauto-upfumi nemaonero, kunyange tsvagai kuwa muguta guru haana kureva kukunda hondo yaHitler zvapera. The Soviet Union aiva titanic maindasitiri chawo ari Urals, uye kwaari, imwe nzvimbo huru kuitisa akavhiyiwa uye kupfeka pasi muvengi, asi spraying simba pamusoro mamiriyoni mativi makiromita zviri dzatorwa. Zvisinei, hurukuro guru kwaizoreva kurasikirwa chiratidzo chinokosha munyika, vachichera morale wetsvimbo uye kuparara kwetariro. It anonyatsoziva Hitler, Stalin, uye mamiriyoni evanhu Soviet.

Zvitatu zvinokosha

Izvi tsika zvinhu pamwe kutsanangura nei Moscow - guta-gamba. Muchidimbu, unogona kuwedzera mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Kana kuwa guru Soviet maererano Intelligence muhondo aigona kupinda Japan. Hazvina nguva. Kusvikira Mumatsutso 1941, mauto eGermany mberi chete mberi, yaiita hapana chaigona kumira, chete kunonoka. Ndizvo maviri. Nyika yose iri vachida kuona paku- mutambo kuMabvazuva, uye sei asina vakashanduka, kwaienderana njodzi akachenjera rubatsiro pamusoro USSR. This zvitatu. Ungangove, paiva zvimwewo, asi idzi kuti chinhu chikuru.

The kukundwa vokuGermany pedo Moscow

Moscow yaiva nzvimbo yokutanga pamusoro nenzvimbo map, apo Wehrmacht akatambura unorema Fiasco. Raiva vanyatsoparadzwa. Nokurasikirwa vaiva pokudengenyeka, uye vashandi uye rwokugadzira. Tsika dhirika sokuti kunyange kupfuura nemafashamo. -Akadhindwa Pre matikiti kuti "achimisa kuti vakundi 'pakarepo vakarasikirwa kushanda kwavo uye zvakaonekwa kuti nyika sezvo uchapupu nokuzvikudza chinonyadzisa. Kuti chete zvokuti atova December 1941, vakati kuti Moscow - guta-gamba. Photo cheminda nesinou, Dziine wakapwanyika midziyo uye German zvitunha nechisimba akafuridzirwa tariro dzavanhu venyika vakatora nyika uye akaita zvakakomba nechokwadi pamusoro Kururama mutemo Hitler vatsigiri. Japan muhondo uye hamuna kupinda.

pamutemo chinzvimbo

Rakavapa Moscow zita "gamba guta" akatora nzvimbo pamusoro avaida ramakumi maviri gore Kukunda muna 1965. Pamwechete guru rokufananidzira mubayiro akapiwa mamwe maguta mashanu (kusanganisira vana vanotaurwa Stalin makore makumi maviri akanga apfuura, uye Kiev), uyewo Brest Fortress, boka ravarwi heroism yeSoviet vanhu vakadzidza kuti nguva pfupi asati. Vanhu vakawanda nhasi vangawana zvakaoma kunzwisisa zvikonzero achifarira vagari kudzidza pamusoro chiitiko ichi chinofadza. Zvisinei, hapana pfuma musoro haana kupa, vanhu vaiva nomufaro. Zvisinei, uye voli pakati cosmonauts eSoviet akaita manzwiro sezvo chisimba, kufanana apo Moscow akanga paakavapa musoro Hero City. Hongu, vomunguva dzedu, kunyanya vechiduku, zvakaoma kunzwisisa ...

Somugumisiro,

Saka zvose zvakafanana, iro rinopa zvepamusoro zvavo Muscovites? Pamwe kwavari se "magamba" vimba chero ropafadzo kana discounts kuti kwokuripirwa utility Zimbabwe tariffs? No pfuma chinzvimbo ichi haripi. Uyezve, zvinoisa zvimwe mitoro. Kuziva kuti guta redu, guta-gamba of Moscow, airidza zvakadaro basa rinokosha kukunda anotyisa, achinyengera, utsinye uye simba muvengi, uye kuziva kubatanidzwa yayo vanhuwo history, Muscovite ose, akafanana Odessa, kubva Kiev kana kubva St. Petersburg, zvino ane mutsigo kutakura kuyeuka noumhare uye chibayiro yemadzitateguru mbiri. Uye kana uchida kuva gamba.