Bhotani - chikamu chirimwa sayenzi

Bhotani - munda zvipenyu kuti inodzidza zvirimwa. boka iri rinosanganisira autotrophs, zvipenyu uye dzimwe eukaryotes, kusanganisira zvipuka zvine masero akawanda izvo zvokudya zvavo pachavo. Umambo zvinomera - ndiko siyana kwemarudzi ezvinhu hombe. Plant sayenzi achidzidza mhando uye ikoroji, anatomi uye physiology zvinomera.

Chii kudzidza bhotani?

Bhotani - chikamu chirimwa sayenzi. Mumwe mukuru chaivo sayenzi munyika mubasa kudzidza muviri uye kushanda zvipenyu, vanonzi chirimwa physiology, uyewo dzinotsanagura kukura, budiriro uye kubereka.

ndiye sainzi zvinomera anokonzera pakudzidza yedzinza (chirimwa genetics), kuchinjira kumamiriro zvakatipoteredza, ikoroji uye nenzvimbo kuparadzira. Pakati kwemarudzi unokosha kutaura geobotany, phytogeography uye paleontology (kudzidza zvisaririra).

bhotani History

Bhotani - chikamu chirimwa sayenzi. Sezvo sayenzi bhotani vakatanga kufunga, sezvo nguva European colonialism, asi vanhu vaifarira miti midzi yawo zvikuru mberi. Area kutsvakurudza rakafukidza zvinomera uye miti panyika yavo uyewo zvekumwe specimens vakauya panguva nzendo dzakawanda. Uye munguva dzekare, Willy-nilly aitofanira kudzidza ichi kana kuti chirimwa. Kunyange panguva mambakwedza nguva, vanhu vakaedza kuziva semushonga zvinomera, mwaka kwavo kukura.

Zviyo, michero uye miriwo zvinokosha evanhu kukura vanhu. Kana kusina nesayenzi ari ano pfungwa shoko, vanhu kuongororwa miti mukati rokurima chimurenga.

nhamba dzakadaro vakakurumbira wokuGirisi yekare uye Roma, sezvo Aristotle, Theophrastus uye Dioscorides, pakati pezvimwe sayenzi zvinokosha vakaswedera itsva pamwero uye bhotani. Theophrastus kunyange akadana baba bhotani, apo basa mbiri dzinokosha zvakanyorwa, dzave kushandiswa kwemakore 1500 uye kuramba kushandiswa nhasi.

Sezvakaitika sayenzi zhinji, muna Renaissance uye Reformation, uye panguva mambakwedza Kujekerwa kwave kune chikuru budiriro iri kudzidza bhotani. The maikorosikopu yagadzirwa mukupera kwezana remakore rechi16, izvo akabvumira kudzidza nezvezvirimwa sezvinoita kumboitika, kusanganisira yakanaka mashoko, akadai mukume uye phytolites. Takatanga kuwedzera ruzivo kwete chete pamusoro zvinomera pachavo, asi pamusoro kubereka zvavo, metabolic urongwa, uye zvimwe zvinhu kuti saka kure avharwa kuvanhu.

boka zvinomera

1. nyore zvirimwa zvose bryophytes, vane diki, havana madzinde, mashizha nemidzi. Mosses vanosarudza nzvimbo yakakwirira mwando kuramba vanoda mvura kuti kubereka.

2. All Pteridophyte zvinomera, mukusiyana kune mosses vane midziyo achiitisa muto uye mashizha, chokumisa uye mudzi. zvirimwa izvi ndiwo kwazvo novimba mvura. Sevamiririri Somuenzaniso, horsetails uye ferns.

3. mbeu All ndivo miti yakawanda kunzwisisa yakadaro inokosha shanduka zvinobatsira sezvo mbeu. Izvi zvinokosha zvikuru, sezvo dzinovimbisa kudzivirirwa embryo uye dzigadziridzwe zvokudya zvayo. Kusiyanisa gymnosperms (nemipaini) uye angiosperms (womukokonati miti).

chirimwa Ecology

Plant Ecology akasiyana bhotani, ayo chinhu kudzidza sei miti anosangana zvakavapoteredza uye kupindura zvakatipoteredza uye okunze kuchinja. The kwevanhu ari kukura uye tinoda zvikuru munyika, saka zvikuru rikwanise dambudziko kudzivirirwa zviwanikwa uye hanya kwavari.

Plant ikoroji anoziva gumi marudzi inokosha ezvinhu umo chirimwa upenyu hunogona:

• anofukidza
• wakasvinura masango,
• coniferous masango,
• dzinopisa nemapani,
• Mafuro unozvidzora mapazi (pachena)
• mumagwenga uye dzisinganayi zvinhu zvipenyu,
• kumatunhu Mediterranean,
• nyika uye wetlands,
• Ecology pamusoro Freshwater, romumhenderekedzo yegungwa uye zvomumvura nzvimbo uye achinaya mvura.

Mumwe mufananidzo une yayo nezvakatipoteredza Profile uye akanaka chirimwa uye mhuka upenyu, uye nenzira pamwe, zvinokosha kunzwisisa shanduka yavo.

Biology: bhotani Section

Bhotani - kudzidzwa mamiriro, zvokurarama nazvo, kuparadzirwa uye kwakabva zvinomera, iye rinoongorora, anoronga uye classifies zvose hwounhu izvi, uyewo nzvimbo kuparadzira,-shanduka uye ikoroji ose kasvisto. Bhotani - chimwe chikamu nesayenzi dzose dzakasiyana-siyana zvinomera upenyu, rinosanganisira Mapazi. Somuenzaniso, paleobotany inodzidza yakatotsakatika miti kana zvisaririra zvemhuka specimens zvikaramba kubva Geological akaturikidzana. Nyaya pakudzidza vari zvisaririra zvemhuka algae, mabhakitiriya, notumwe uye lichens. Kunzwisisa mamiriro shanduko kare kunokosha kuti chipo. sainzi Izvi vangatova akajekesa hunhu uye rapanzvimbo yemiti kubvira Ice Age.

Arheobotanika riri kushanda panyaya kudzidza kupararira hwokurima, abudise kuti wetlands, uye zvichingodaro. Bhotani (chirimwa zvipenyu) anoitisa tsvakurudzo pamusoro zvese zvose, kusanganisira zvinhu zvipenyu, nharaunda uye mhando, munhu, rinenge masero uye mamorekuru (genetics, nemakemikari omuviri). Vanodzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu vari kuongorora marudzi mazhinji zvinomera, kusanganisira algae, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms uye maruva (mbeu) zvinomera, kusanganisira mhuka uye kushandirwa.

Bhotani - chikamu chirimwa sayenzi uye chirimwa maberekero. Remakore rechi20 anonzi chendarama zera zvipenyu, nekuti nemhaka michina mitsva kuti sayenzi inogona kuongorora ndamboita. Advanced nzira mu ezvinhu zvipenyu zvinopa achangobuda zvishandiso kudzidza sei zvinomera uye zvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu kuti agare panyika Earth.