Boris Rauschenbach: Biography uye pikicha

Academician Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah - Soviet Russia uye nyika yakakurumbira musayendisiti, mumwe havaoni kuti astronautics muna USSR. Kuva yefizikisi, samakanika, iye hakungoitwi chete specialization ichi. Boris V. ndezvaJehovha mabasa kwesayenzi mumunda ounyanzvi history, nhoroondo rechitendero, uyewo journalistic basa nyaya dzakawanda panguva kuti vakawana mukurumbira pasi rose. Iye anga tichigadzirisa kufamba Russian vokuGermany nokuda kumutsidzirwa norudzi.

Nhoroondo masayendisiti

Boris Rauschenbach akaberekwa Petrograd (zvino St. Petersburg) January 18, 1905 mumhuri Russian vokuGermany.

Ndapedza chikoro, jaya akawana basa imwe ndege fekitari Leningrad. The chaizvo hwomuti zvange wematambudziko yake muna 1932 akava mudzidzi panguva Leningrad Institute of Civil Engineers Fleet anotanga kuti zvematongerwo Gliding. Craze chakaita kuti aiziva Sergey Pavlovich Korolev, uye mune ramangwana, uye pamwe naye chitundumuseremusere uye nzvimbo indasitiri sayenzi weSoviet.

Muna 1937, Rauschenbach akatamira guru kunoshanda chikwata Rocket Research Institute, rinotungamirirwa Sergei Korolev. Saka Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, pikicha uye zita vakazochinja akaramba ari kunorambidzwa kwenguva refu kuruzhinji, yakwira iri panhengo havaoni zviri nzvimbo chirongwa yeSoviet.

Next aiva basa pane imwe kuzvidzivirira chirimwa muna Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg nhasi), rakanga anobviswa Rocket Research Institute muna November 1941 (RNII).

Muchirimo cha1942, Rauschenbach akasungwa uye akatuma kumusasa chete chokwadi kuti akanga German. In mumusasa wechibharo, Boris V. anoramba kushanda musi homing anoshongwa Anti-ndege, Masvomhu waro kutiza. Zvave zvichinzi kuvazivisa ndege wakachenjera Viktorom Bolhovitinovym. Nemhaka kwaari, muna 1945 Rauschenbach akachinjirwa Nizhny Tagil pachinzvimbo chinokosha Mugari.

Muna 1948, pamwe musoro mutsva RNII Mstislav Keldysh Rauschenbach anowana NII-1 Bazi Aviation Industry mukuru wedhipatimendi.

Muna 1955, Rauschenbach zvakaitika Sergeyu Korolevu, apo nyika vakatanga kudzidza dzidziso uye inofamba mu muchadenga nemotokari.

Rauschenbach mhuri yayo kwakatangira

Yakataurwa Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, mhuri yake akazviratidza Russia muna XVIII remakore. Muna 1766, Empress Catherine II akaronga mushandirapamwe resettle vokuGermany kuRussia. Nemhaka mutemo uyu, uye paiva baba musayendisiti Karl-Friedrich Rauschenbach nomudzimai wake vari Volga mudunhu.

Baba musayendisiti, Victor Ya (zita pakati rinobva zita sekuru vake Jakobho), aiva womunyika Volga nharaunda, nharaunda, iyo panguva iyoyo vakaumba nyuchi kuti German kugara. Akadzidziswa Germany, ipapo akashanda se waishandiswa maneja pamusangano tannery "Skorokhod".

Maererano netsamba kubva Boris Viktorovich, baba vake aiva nomutsa chaizvo uye munhu anoregerera. Kana mukomana vakakura, Victor Ya zvakasimba akamuunzira pfungwa kuzvikudza nokuda mavambo German. Panguva iyoyowo zvaakaita izvozvo zvakakwana.

Rauschenbach mai, Leontine Fridrihovna (Russian kwemanyorero - F.) Gallico akaberekwa muEstonia (Saaremaa), mavambo - Baltic German. Aiziva mitauro mina - Russian, German, French uye Estonian, izvo mberi vakabatsira basa rayo muRussia inezvakawanda mhuri bonnoy. Mushure muchato wake akava amai vemba.

Amai yakaomarara zvikuru asi wakanaka mudzidzisi, kunyange pachisikirwo - wakafara, simba uye vachifara munhu. Zvakanga iye makanyatsomudzidzisa vana vavo (hanzvadzi Boris raMwari Karin Elena) Kukwanisa arege kurasikirwa mudzimu ezvinhu akaoma ose kuti akavabatsira mune ramangwana. Boris Rauschenbach, ane Biography yakanga izere ezvinhu akadaro aigona nenzira yakakodzera kurarama upenyu hwako anoshamisa.

Boris Rauschenbach makore gumi namashanu kunyimwa baba vake akafa pazera makore makumi matanhatu kubva pamwoyo kukundikana.

mai vake vakafa pashure pehondo. Kurasikirwa mai Boris ruzivo zvakaoma chaizvo uchapupu kuti - hanzvadzi yake tsamba, iyo yava zvabatwa.

upenyu Personal

dambudziko ravo, Vera Mikhailovna, Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah akasangana muMoscow, uko kunogara 1937, sezvo shipbuilding uye mugungwa maindasitiri muna Leningrad akanga asingafariri. Panguva iyi nyika Vaiumburuka zvasungwazve uye Rauschenbach, mumwe German zviri nyore kuva mumisasa. Zvinhu izvi zvave akasunda muduku musayendisiti kutamira guru, apo pasina munhu aiziva iye.

Nokukurumidza Boris mukamuri kwaaigara neshamwari dzake, wagara Mukadzi Vera. Vera M. akaberekwa Kramatorsk (Ukraine). Ndakauya Moscow kudzidza. Kusvikira mumwe akarara aigara babamunini vake, aiva nechinzvimbo chakakwirira mumhanyi. Zvisinei, musi waMay 19, akasungwa ipapo vapfurwa uye Woman vakadzingwa. Saka Vera ari mufurati raaigara Rauschenbach.

The vechidiki akaroorwa isati hondo, 24 May 1941. Maererano netsamba kubva Rauschenbach, kunyoresa yavo yakarurama yakatsanangurwa mu "chair 12" by Ilf uye Petrov. Zvainakidza ... havangavi kuparadzana pamwe nguva ino, kunyange apo Boris V. ari mumusasa wechibharo (wake dzaiwanzoshanyira).

Akafunga Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, upenyu pachake kwakasimbiswa zvinobudirira, pasinei muupenyu nhamo. Vane vana zvinoshamisa uye vazukuru. Nokuti vamwe zviri zvisingashamisi kuti kwemakore akawanda saka Vera M. - chete naye.

Nzira muchadenga

Semusayendisiti, Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich akaratidza achiri Leningrad ndege fekitari nhamba 23, paakange mubasa rokuvaka uye kuongorora zviri giraidha. Basa chave kunyorwa mapepa okutanga zvesayenzi, musoro yaiva longitudinal kutsiga tailless ndege. Chete Musoro Boris Rauschenbach aidaro RNII Queen, asi ikozvino basa iri vaiva rwendo zvombo.

Muna 1938, basa rakanga rarambidzwa nokuda kusungwa of Queen, uye Rauschenbach refocused ndege michini, dzidziso combustion.

Gulag hakusi chipingamupinyi musayendisiti: mumusasa akanga achishanda pasi homing anoshongwa Anti ndege, kuti mune ramangwana kumubatsira vabude pamisasa, kuti ave anokosha vatama uye kuramba basa raro nokuda RNII.

Muna 1948, nemhaka musoro mutsva Chombo Research Institute Mstislav Keldysh Rauschenbach akadzokera kuMoscow, uko SRI-1 riri aidaro ramjet injini, dzinova combustion vibration uye acoustic vibrations iyi mhando injini.

Muna 1955, Boris V. akaenda kubasa nokuti Queen, apo iye semusayendisiti aiva akasiyana mukana - kekutanga munyika aite basa chokuita dzidziso uye kufamba nemotokari vari muchadenga. Naizvozvo, nemhaka ake basa kupfura divi Moon pedyo chitundumusere-musere yeSoviet "Luna-3" yakaitwa. Muna 1960, mbiri Rauschenbach akanga paakavapa ari Lenin Prize.

Muna 1958, Boris V. akadzivirira ake doctorate chinyorwa (miteva vakarwira muna 1948).

Makore asingasviki gumi kuti masayendisiti kuona interplanetary yemapurisa ndege mafungiro kudzora mamiriro "Venus", "Mars", "vachiongorora" chitundumusere-musere mune otomatiki uye Chinyorwa nzira.

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, ane Biography yave zvakasimba chokuita pezvakasikwa, akatora Zvinoshingaira mukugadzirwa uye Implementation zviri kutiza rokutanga cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.

Muna 1966, Boris V. akasarudza mumwe runoenzanirana nhengo Academy of Sciences (AS) the USSR, uye makore makumi maviri gare gare akava azere nhengo Academy of Sciences.

Iconography uye Rauschenbach

Semusayendisiti jokingly akati kuti aisagona kubata zvesayenzi dingindira, kana iri kare kushanda vamwe masayendisiti vanopfuura gumi nevaviri. Uye ari kufanana basa iri nzvimbo akatanga kufarira zvose kuti hwakazara chinhu chitsva, asi unexplored, akadai uri, iconography.

Boris Rauschenbach, mumwe chido nhoroondo iyo richiratidzwa somwana, aida kuenda zvakawanda, kunyanya mumaguta ane kare. Zvishoma nezvishoma asi kwazvo muna mubereko masayendisiti akatanga kuonekwa kuzvidhori. Chokwadi kuti akanga nekunyadzisa nenzira kuchinjwa nzvimbo mavari, inonzi "neizvi maonero", musoro uye zvinopesana nemitemo anozivikanwa kwemifananidzo.

Kufarira neizvi maonero yavewo chokuita agadzirise matambudziko pokusvika mano zviri muchadenga.

Masayendisiti akatanga kuongorora chiitiko ichi. Zvisinei, akatora kufungawo basa ziso, uropi. Kuti aite izvi aitofanira kuita tsananguro kwemasvomhu kwouropi basa. Somugumisiro, Rauschenbach akasvika pakugumisa kuti vatorwa zvose mifananidzo aya dzinongoitika uye hakudzivisiki.

Akafunga Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, iconography zvakasiyana chaicho kupfuura munhu anoona murume somugumisiro zvimwe ziso mudziyo. Somugumisiro, icon zvinoita kuti titende kuti nyika zvechokwadi nani zvikuru uye nani.

Rauschenbach akanga nechokwadi kuti hazvibviri kunzwisisa kuzvidhori, asingazivi dzidziso. Akatanga kudzidza dzidziso, kunyange chinhu akanyorwa munda uyu, zvikurukuru Utatu ( "The pfungwa Utatu").

The inoenda Orthodoxy

Boris Rauschenbach pakubhapatidzwa muna 1915 hwakanyorwa mukutenda yababa vake - Kuchinjwa. Kuti rutendo vaiva panguva iyoyo anenge 20% wokuRussia vokuGermany.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nevarume, mukusiyana kune vaLutheran havazivi mifananidzo, havashandisi chiratidzo chomuchinjikwa. Asi gare gare nezvomurau paMambo Alexander I uye Nicholas I, Kuchinjwa uye vaLutheran vave akabatanidza muchechi imwe, uye Boris akaenda naamai vake muchechi yeLutheran, kunyange zvazvo guta aivawo chechi Kuchinjwa. Zvisinei, nokuti asingazivikanwi zvikonzero Rauschenbach haana kuva nhengo Kuchinjwa chechi, asi kuremekedza kwake, mufananidzo wake akaramba.

Havi chitendero Boris V. akanzwa pashure kwomusasa. Akatanga kupinda imwe chechi yeOrthodox, akatora kuMudzidzisi mabhuku, akatanga kutevera minamato mukereke, asi akabhabhatidzwa chete pfupi asati afa.

Rauschenbach akayeuka kuti anobudirira nokushanda kubva hurongwa hwavo panguva pakuparurwa inotevera chitundumusere-musere nguva dzose akasimuka uye akaita chiratidzo chomuchinjikwa.

Panguva nokugamuchirwa muna Kremlin pachiitiko kushanda wokutanga chitundumusere-musere Boris V. chete kupa murume akauya nokukoka vamiririri Orthodox Church, izvo, chokwadi, haana kufanira kupinda chiitiko cherogi.

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, mabhuku uye nyaya dziri kwose kwose, haana kuudza kwavo yaivapo kunzwisisa nyika - zvechitendero uye zvesayenzi. Aidavira kuti pane kwetunhu pavo.

Muna 1987, munyika inonzi "Communist" Academician Rauschenbach yakabudisa nyaya kuna 1000th gore Rubhabhatidzo Rus. Mairi musayendisiti akanongedza kukosha chiitiko ichi nokuda Russian nehurumende. August "vaKomonisiti" nzvimbo yakanga pakarepo kutengeswa kunze, kunyange pamukova kiosk of CPSU.

Makore mashomanana gare gare kunouya mumwe basa academician - ". The pfungwa Utatu" Nyaya akakonzera imwe maitiro, ivo Zvisaririra ayo akanzwa saizvozvo kure.

Rauschenbach Utatu

Boris Rauschenbach Utatu aiva mutongo yayo kuti anopa mubhuku rake "The pfungwa Utatu." Maererano naye, kereke mukudzidzisa kwake akapa mutongo echokwadi zvakakwana nezvimhingaidzo izvozvo anotarisana - kutaura kwaMwari uye panguva imwecheteyo sezvo vanamwari vatatu vatatu uye monad.

The musayendisiti rinotaura kuti mamiriro nhoroondo misimboti kutenda Orthodox anotarisa sezvinoita kutsauka chitendwa, nekuti zvinonzi munhu wose Utatu - Mwari. Ndiye ati uye munamato.

Boris Rauschenbach, "The pfungwa Utatu," riri kuedza kunzwisisa nhaurirano Florensky uye E. N. Trubetskogo Utatu Mwari, kuuya ichi mumaonero nesayenzi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti musayendisiti iri simba yeSoviet akafarirawo yebhaibheri nyaya, pasinei vakakunda mumakore iwayo ngwizhingwi kusatendera.

Anofarira, zvinobvira kuti zvakananga kutora pfungwa dzidziso yakapiwa naBaba Florensky, asi muasungire kune imwe muenzaniso musoro. Kana zvisingaiti, ipapo munhu achatenda Mwari, kwete huripo upenzi, kunyange asiri pasina zvimwe zvisingarambiki.

Zvinoshamisa, Rauschenbach akawana kwemasvomhu muenzaniso kutsanangura pfungwa chiratidzo kutenda, ayo dzidziso yoUtatu. muenzaniso ichi chakava Vector yaro zvitatu zvaiva munyika-dimensional matatu batanidza hurongwa.

Dambudziko racho ragadziriswa: dzidziso yoUtatu (Trinity) akanga ikodzere yakarongwa zvisingarambiki. chiitiko ichi zvinogona kufananidzwa nokuputika bhomba. Chokwadi, "pfungwa yoUtatu" kunokosha, asi haina hwogumisa zivo yaMwari, sezvo ari chaizvoizvo zivo yaMwari magumo.

A wenyika yavo

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, mabhuku, nyaya izvo kazhinji vakanga azadzwa nehanya zvichaitirwa nyika yavo uye nyika, aisagona kutsungirira kuona zviri kuitika kumativi ose. The kuitika urombo kwevanhu Russian, urombo, sayenzi yakaita marwadzo uye hasha mukati. Aisagona kunzwisisa kushaya mari kubva mamiriro nokuda mari yedzidzo, sainzi, apo munyika maiva nemaune vapfume womumwe muboka revanhu.

"Ndakarohwa nehana kurapa" Gaidar kuna Boris Viktorovich, chikuru nounyanzvi nesayenzi, unyanzvi, dzezvoupfumi, uye akava muenzaniso kushaya professionalism neutungamiriri munyika. Rauschenbach aidavira kuti Russia anofanira kuwana nzira kubva Chipangamazano chaVa, zvishoma zvinorwadza nokuda vokuRussia.

"Kwakakwidibira pfungwa" Rauschenbach

In ake okupedzisira inoti "kwakakwidibira pfungwa" Boris Rauschenbach anoyeuka remangwana revanhu vose, kuratidza pacharwo kwete chete kuva mugari Russia, asi vose vagari Nyika.

The chaizvo wenyaya yacho anoti pamusoro pezvakaita pfungwa idzi. It Rauschenbach wakapatsanura pfungwa hweruzhinji kubva democratic Maturo kwakapararira munyika nhasi. Uye haana kuita zvagara kuti Russia.

Munyori inotiratidza chokwadi kuti zvose zvikuru Mhosva pasi zvegutsaruzhinji masirogani, neDemocratic windbags kazhinji haana kunzwisisa maererano maturo kuti dzinomirira zvido vanhu kure simba.

In basa rayo, asi academician proposes kudzokera kune zvetsika dzevanhu tsika, kureva, mhuri, nharaunda. Iye anotenda kuti mabasa vanhu vanofanira kuva kupfuura kodzero dzavo. Rauschenbach tenda kuti chete nzira iyi achaponesa vanhu kubva pakuparadzwa. Mumwe hakuna kupiwa. Mukuwedzera, musayendisiti anodavira kuti panofanira kuva nehurumende nyika, ane mitemo ichava yakaoma, asi zvikuru nenyanzvi.

Nokuti remakore rapfuura, maererano Rauschenbach, vanhu yakanga kufamba negwara, remaking pachake uye hunhu. Uye, zvinosuruvarisa vashoma chaizvo vanhu vanogona usvinudze maziso evanhu kuti zvikanganiso zvekare uye chipo, vasati makavona.

mhedziso

Boris Rauschenbach akafa March 27, 2001. guva rake riri Novodevichy kumakuva.

Akafa musayendisiti pazuva Theodore Icon of Amai vaMwari. The yemariro yakaitirwa St. Nicholas Kuznetsky temberi. Izvi kwaiva kuda kunoshamisa Soviet uye Russian musayendisiti.

Kubudikidza naye, vanhu chakarasikirwa rimwe geniuses ayo, mumwe mugari wenyika Nyika.

Kukosha musayendisiti mupiro kuti sayenzi tsika Russia vanoti mazita ake uye mibayiro. Rauschenbach une nhengo zvikoro matatu (Academy of Sciences, reInternational Academy of Astronautics uye Space Academy. Tsiolkovsky). Akanga paakavapa ari Lenin uye Demidov Prize, uye Hero pamusoro Socialist Labor. Akatarisira Research Council "History of World Culture" Ras.