Bus "Ikarus 280": hwokugadzira nokurondedzerwa uye mapikicha

muchiso mabhazi "Ikarus" anopfuura hafu remakore akatakura vanhu kare muna Soviet Union, uye ikozvino yaimbova Soviet Union. Munguva Soviet, munhu Hungarian akaigadzira 143.000 mabhazi akawanda okunatsiridza vakaponeswa. Chimwe chezvinhu dzakakurumbira yokutevedzera, kunyange asiri chinonyanya tichitarisa wenhumbi, ndiye bhazi "Ikarus 280".

A vachitova nevakawanda nhoroondo

Kupfuura vakakurumbira 60s remakore rapfuura vaiva "Ikarus Lux", iyo kazhinji kuitwa refu-daro chokufambisa.

Rokutanga muenzaniso vadyi (vanonzi "akodhiyoni") "Ikarus 180" wanunurwa kuna USSR muna October 1968 mabhazi aya vaigona kuonekwa nzira guta kweanenge nemashanu.

Mukupera 60s akatanga kubudisa yokutevedzera vaviri ramazana akatevedzana. Ivo zvakasiyana fashoni namazuva iwayo, chisina kutsetseka muviri maitiro. Nokuti European pamusika ane muviri kupfeka chassis MUNHU, Scania, Volvo. Munyaya dzino yokutevedzera vaiva vazhinji, asi Soviet Union akapa mabhazi yokutevedzera 260, 263, 280 uye 283 uye daro refu - 250, 255 uye 256. The City mabhazi vose rima yero, nokuti fekitari kupenda rakagamuchirwa kubva mugadziri nokuda USSR, Papera kuRussia - "Ikarus 280" chena-tsvuku muenzaniso (ona pazasi mufananidzo.). In Poland akapa mutsvuku, Germany - jena Orange mberi uye neshure masuo uye muHungary - yebhuruu chete grey remba uye masuo.

The chikuru fekitari wekambani "Ikarus" yaparadzwa, asi yaimbova Soviet Union yakaramba mudzimu muHungary bhazi kuuya pasi ungano mutsetse rokupedzisira remakore.

wokuenzanisira nhoroondo

Muna 1973 akatanga "Ikarus 280" bhazi kusunungurwa. Model aiva okunatsiridza anopfuura makumi mashanu, uye kwakaregwa 1993 anouya mabhazi muenzaniso uyu ari mugovanisi nyika uye Third World kuenda Cuba kubva rakapera zvinoriumba. Mabhazi, izvo vakasunungurwa mu Iran, yakasiyana nzvimbo uye uwandu mikova, uye Kuwait - pamberi mhepo conditioner.

Sezvo isina kuitwa wokuenzanisira articulated mabhazi mu Russia, muna 1994, kuti mabhazi vakatanga kuungana paImba Moscow chirimwa "Tushino-Auto". Kutanga pakagadzwa zvigaro uye upholstery vatogadzirira mabhazi, asi muna 1996 pakabudiswa "Ikarus 280.33M" Moscow mureza chena-rwegirini. Raparurwa Tushino fekitari pakupera kwezana itsva remakore nadzurudzo "Ikarus 280.33M2" vaishanda gasi. Kusunungurwa mabhazi aya kwakaregwa 2002.

Description nevakawanda bhazi womuenzaniso

"Ikarus 280" - articulated bhazi wakawedzera mutakurwi chinzvimbo, imwe injini simba, rakagadzirirwa maguta makuru dzine vanhu vakawanda. Wide ndima inogona kufamba nyore achishandisa kabhini. MuSoviet Union uye gare gare Russia vakanga yaipiwa pamwe okunatsiridza akaparadzaniswa zvachose kubva mufambi mupanda uye mutyairi wacho mberi-mutsara matatu urongwa chete Semi-nyoro zvigaro. Large okuchengetera nharaunda pamberi neshure mikova kubvumira kuisa pamusoro payo yakawanda mubhazi, havapindiri mundima. Passenger mupanda kufefetedza apiwa sirin'i madhoo pamwe inogadziriswa rabha zvisimbiso vent vari kota, uye ipapo nehafu divi hwindo.

Mutyairi akanga akashongedzerwa rurefu zvigaro nzvimbo kuti inodzorwa kwete chete kureba, backrest uye pamutsago, asi pamusoro rokutyaira uremu.

Haizoshandisi dzaishandiswa pamusoro dashboard kuruboshwe uye kodzero zvina tumblers kuzarura mikova miviri yacho bhazi. Dual sepombi akabvumira kuvhura vose sezvikamu pamukova panguva imwe chete. On mangwanani mhando vaiva musuo bulkhead, uye gare gare - pakona. Kana mabhazi guta raiva-musuo mana, napanzvimbo, apo vanhu vari kunze zvishoma kakawanda, zvakanga vaviri, vari kabhini pamusoro tarakita uye turera.

Zvakanakira nekuipira

"Ikarus 280" bhazi womuenzaniso akasiyana unpretentiousness, zvakanaka dzakashandisa akaoma ezvinhu zvakatipoteredza, mukuru mutakurwi vanokwanisa uye takasununguka zvokunyaradza marongerwo. Vaiti Masangano anodawo vanoti havasati dzatangwa bhazi yakawanda yakavimbika, mari uye nyore kushandisa.

Nokuti "Icarus" kunoratidzwa refu uriri nzvimbo, zvisinei, chechetere pamusoro yose urefu, pasina matanho uye ramps, uye matanho maviri kubva mufambi mikova, DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA kubva vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa kutakura. Izvi magadzirirwo hazvisati zvave kuonekwa chikuru zvakaipira nebhazi.

Zvakaipira muenzaniso uyu anonzi uye yomukatikati pamasikiro kudziyisa hurongwa. In yechando, mukati akanga neshungu vaviri rakazvimirira hita "Sirocco", iro achishingaira vapera Diesel mafuta. Achiedza kuchengetedza mafuta, vatyairi regai pamusoro hita, uye kabhini pamusoro bhazi kuchitonhora.

Rinogona kunzi mhosva uye simba Anti-ngura nekuramba muviri, kunyange zvazvo Developers kashoma akaronga lifespan nokuda michina yavo anopfuura makore makumi maviri, kusanganisira "Ikarus 280" muenzaniso.

Technical zvechadenga muenzaniso

Nokuti nguva kugadzirwa mabhazi 280th muenzaniso zvokuimba gearbox chinoramba, vakanga vaitungamirira zveshure nemavhiri ose tarakita, pamwe turera ekisero chendangariro refu articulated mabhazi rakaisvonaka maneuverability. Kwakavharwa nenyama kuturika zvinhu zviri mhepo pamakusheni. Tarakita uye karavhani kwakabatana ne hinji pamwe nekunyatsotsanangura. The kabhini pakati turera mavhiri chega kudzora tsvimbo zvinosanganisira zviviri mukuvhara zvikamu turntable.

Injini yave yakarongerwa mabhazi, urongwa iyo anoitarisira chinjikira sepombi. Engine, kwakaitwa German kambani MUNHU rezinesi, akachinja uye yakanatswa maererano zvinodiwa zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza kuchengeteka. Sezvo riri pasi pasi, ari chiutsi chiutsi ari kabhini haina kuwa.

The akamedura Hurongwa yave zvikuru akagadzirirwa motokari yakachengeteka dzomumaguta runyararo. The yokupakira akamedura yave pamwe negadziriro yeparutivi akamedura hurongwa. Engine retarder achitora upiyona akamedura. The coldest nguva ino kuchengetedzwa kubva kuoma nechando hafu-fő doro zvisaora.

The mafuta tangi rakagadzirirwa 260 litres ose Diesel mafuta. The pasuru kunosanganisira yakazara pasuru magwaro, izvo hwezvekukurukurirana haangogoni oparesheni asiwo yokugadzirisa mabhazi.

muridzi Reviews hurongwa

Zvivanakire, bhazi basa rinokosha chaizvo kuti kuwana nokupfuuridzirwa uye injini zvinogoneka nomukombiyuta ichibhabhamisa kurutivi rworuboshwe uye anokosha michina madhoo ari kabhini pauriri.

Manual hutachiwana, anogona, uye yechinyakare zvekushandisa mhinduro, asi mumaguta yechando (mu Russia haasi mwedzi isingasviki mana gore), chando uye nekuumbanidzwa chando chete zvinobatsira mutyairi kuti downshift kuunza rinorema motokari pamusoro tsvedza dzokukwira. Vatyairi "Ikarus" vanorumbidza batira chitiviri uye batsira kuchinja mashandiro anoshanda chaizvo zvazviri, kubva pane muenzaniso uyu nemotokari tsvimbo imwe giya change - iri mugodhi simba, kwete netambo sezvinoitwa akazotevera yokutevedzera.

Kure pakati kurutivi njanji pamusoro turntable uye mvuto Chifukidziro "bunching" kazhinji vakamanikidza mutyairi kundotora Zvinhu dzakaurawa mubhazi, zvemabhazi kumutsa turntable butiro.

On wechando unotonhora ari mabhazi, vakatakurwa vakanyunyuta pamusoro nguva dzose, asi zvakanga mubvunzo kwete zvakawanda kudziyisa hurongwa design, zvikuru sei mafuta nemari. Vanogadzirisa vanodavira kuti zvabudiswa itsva 'Icarus 280 "rine muchoto nenharo zvakaipa nokuda kwokusakwana ari kugadzirwa, nokuti kunonoka inopfuura mvura kubva kutonhora gadziriro muchoto mumwe thermostat rechipiri riri hwavapo nokuda akatarisa mberi remadziro.

A pamwero muenzaniso mubhazi

"Ikarus" - somunhu aikosha munhoroondo bhazi mutakurwi chokufambisa, izvo kuiteerera vasingagoni vasaiziva Russian uone classicbus, iyo inobereka collectible yokutevedzera motokari. Panguva ino, kambani ikabereka anopfuura matatu yemashoko mabhazi kwete chete mumhuri yemotokari indasitiri, asiwo rinozivikanwa zvikuru vagadziri. Muna 2011, kuunganidza muenzaniso "Ikarus 280" (1:43) akasunungurwa. The kumumvuri iri bhazi mumagazini 1994-1996.

The muviri womuenzaniso chakagadzirwa nesimbi ocher ruvara, mukati - epurasitiki. Akakokera chigadzirwa kukura 385h58h74 mm uye kurema 0,9 makirogiramu chaidiwa 180 zvikamu. Circulation nyaya - dzinokwana zvidimbu zviuru zvitatu.

Trolley chiratidzo "Ikarus"

Muna 1975-77 pamwe "Ikarus" uye Budapest Transport Company pahwaro bhazi yakavakwa articulated trolley mabhazi makumi manomwe magetsi decommissioned Soviet trolleybuses chirimwa navo. Uritsky. Zvadaro, pashure 1977 akawanda mutyairi wendege trolley pamwe midziyo akasiyana anozivikanwa vagadziri zvakatangwa. Sea nemiedzo michina vakatora nzvimbo mumaguta makuru muEurope uye North America. Kubva 1985 kusvika 1992. vakasunungurwa anenge mazana matatu trolley mabhazi "Ikarus 280 T" pamwe Ganz Electronics zvokushandisa mumba pamusika, yokuGermany Democratic Republic uye Bulgaria.

MuSoviet Union trolley "Icarus" haisi pamutemo nengarava. Pakupera rokupedzisira remakore muna kuChelyabinsk zvifambiswe vanhu vanenge maviri gumi nevaviri pakati vakashandisa mota akatenga muEast Germany.

MuMoscow, iri kugadzirwa trolleybuses "SVARZ-Ikarus" mabhazi akashandisa debited muviri. Electrical zvokushandisa mukugadzira dzavo zvinomera "Avangard". imwe trolley pamusoro "Ikarus 280" Tushino fekitari kumashure rakabudiswawo.

Similar vakatendeutswa trolley mabhazi zvakabudiswa muPoland, Bulgaria uye North Korea.

Ko rinonyatsooneka chinokosha munhoroondo mabhazi muRussia articulated mabhazi "Ikarus 280" vanoonekwa kuti dzinenge. Ivo matatu vakanga vaipa kune Soviet Union uye gare gare muna Russia, uye anopfuura hafu remakore akatakura vanhu.